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Metabolic syndrome is defined by a cluster of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central adiposity), linked to a chronic, systemic, and low-grade inflammation, which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A growing body of evidence generated in the last decades has shown that not only the energy balance but also the macro-, micro-, and non-nutrient composition of the diet may influence the onset and progression of metabolic syndrome. However, further research is required to increase our understanding about the contribution of diet to metabolic syndrome prevention.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- animal experimentation --- diet --- nutrition --- ingredients --- lard --- fibers --- fructose --- diet coloring --- autoclaving --- irradiation --- Passiflora setacea --- bioactive compounds --- phenolic compounds --- cardiovascular diseases --- nutrigenomics --- gene expression --- immune system --- cytokines --- insulin --- HDL --- diabetes mellitus --- dietary pattern --- metabotype --- metabolic phenotype --- Mediterranean Diet Score --- Alternate Healthy Eating Index --- atherosclerosis --- plaque burden --- lycopene --- tomato --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- cis- and trans-isomers --- nutrients --- hypertension --- blood pressure --- management --- prevention --- mitochondria --- metabolic syndrome --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- balanced diet --- lifestyle --- Mediterranean diet --- plant-based diet --- DASH diet --- low-carbohydrate diet --- high-protein diet --- low-fat diet --- omega-3 fatty acids --- metabolism --- inflammation --- atherothrombosis --- clinical trials --- legacy effect --- metabolic memory --- cardiovascular disease --- diabetes --- dyslipidaemia --- abdominal obesity --- animal protein --- protein intake --- Alpha-linolenic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- rumenic acid --- punicic acid --- enriched eggs --- waist circumference --- obesity

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue, “Endothelial Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches”, focuses on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, new biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction related to cardiovascular disorders or tumors, and novel therapeutic approaches for endothelial dysfunctions. Vascular endothelium is an active tissue and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Chronic exposure to risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterolemia, or oxidative stress, induces endothelial dysfunctions and results in a loss of endothelial integrity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and macrophage recruitment. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is complex and multi-factorial factors are involved, such as oxidative stress or chronic inflammation. The primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunctions, as well as the early detection of or molecular imaging techniques for endothelial dysfunction, helps to prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders. Novel therapeutic approaches or drug delivery systems for endothelial dysfunctions have had promising beneficial effects in preclinical or clinical levels by affecting the progression of atherosclerotic changes, tumor angiogenesis, and host–immune reactions near tumor environments.

Technology: general issues --- Biotechnology --- endothelial cells --- oxidative stress --- inflammageing --- endothelial dysfunction --- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 --- cardiovascular disease --- neurovascular disease --- vascular inflammation --- APE1/Ref-1 --- cardiovascular diseases --- subcellular localization --- serological biomarkers --- atherosclerosis --- aerobic exercise --- PCSK9 --- LOX-1 --- insulin resistance --- macrophage polarity --- serum γ-glutamyltransferase --- essential hypertension --- cardiovascular risk factors --- angiogenesis --- nargenicin A1 --- compound 9 --- VEGF --- VEGFR2 --- HIF-1α --- electronegative low-density lipoprotein --- LDL(-) --- L5 LDL --- oxidized LDL --- oxLDL --- ADMA --- arginine --- arginine paradox --- BH4 --- blood pressure --- COVID-19 --- dietary supplements --- endothelium --- eNOS uncoupling --- heart failure --- hypertension --- L-arginine --- myocardial infarction --- NADPH --- nitric oxide --- peripheral artery disease --- ApoE knockout mouse --- atorvastatin --- VCAM-1 --- galectin-3 --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- electronegative LDL --- LDL(−) --- lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 --- dyslipidemia --- chronic venous insufficiency --- prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) --- inflammation --- endothelial disfunction --- lung disease --- endothelial to mesenchymal transition --- pulmonary hypertension --- pulmonary fibrosis --- metformin --- diabetes --- CV risk --- hyperglycemia --- glycated lipoproteins --- glycated LDL --- glycated HDL --- endothelial cell dysfunction --- molecular mechanisms --- epigenetic factors --- therapeutic approaches --- vasoactive factors --- EndoMT --- TGF-β --- epigenetics --- endothelial cell --- glycolysis --- metabolism --- pathological angiogenesis --- tumor microenvironment --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- high-fat diets --- plaque burden --- low-level laser therapy --- phototherapy --- vascular disease --- healing --- ischemia --- vascular calcification --- chronic kidney disease --- CKD --- uremic toxins --- hyperphosphatemia --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- VSMCs --- macrophages --- endothelial cells --- oxidative stress --- inflammageing --- endothelial dysfunction --- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 --- cardiovascular disease --- neurovascular disease --- vascular inflammation --- APE1/Ref-1 --- cardiovascular diseases --- subcellular localization --- serological biomarkers --- atherosclerosis --- aerobic exercise --- PCSK9 --- LOX-1 --- insulin resistance --- macrophage polarity --- serum γ-glutamyltransferase --- essential hypertension --- cardiovascular risk factors --- angiogenesis --- nargenicin A1 --- compound 9 --- VEGF --- VEGFR2 --- HIF-1α --- electronegative low-density lipoprotein --- LDL(-) --- L5 LDL --- oxidized LDL --- oxLDL --- ADMA --- arginine --- arginine paradox --- BH4 --- blood pressure --- COVID-19 --- dietary supplements --- endothelium --- eNOS uncoupling --- heart failure --- hypertension --- L-arginine --- myocardial infarction --- NADPH --- nitric oxide --- peripheral artery disease --- ApoE knockout mouse --- atorvastatin --- VCAM-1 --- galectin-3 --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- electronegative LDL --- LDL(−) --- lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 --- dyslipidemia --- chronic venous insufficiency --- prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) --- inflammation --- endothelial disfunction --- lung disease --- endothelial to mesenchymal transition --- pulmonary hypertension --- pulmonary fibrosis --- metformin --- diabetes --- CV risk --- hyperglycemia --- glycated lipoproteins --- glycated LDL --- glycated HDL --- endothelial cell dysfunction --- molecular mechanisms --- epigenetic factors --- therapeutic approaches --- vasoactive factors --- EndoMT --- TGF-β --- epigenetics --- endothelial cell --- glycolysis --- metabolism --- pathological angiogenesis --- tumor microenvironment --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- high-fat diets --- plaque burden --- low-level laser therapy --- phototherapy --- vascular disease --- healing --- ischemia --- vascular calcification --- chronic kidney disease --- CKD --- uremic toxins --- hyperphosphatemia --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- VSMCs --- macrophages

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue, “Endothelial Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches”, focuses on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, new biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction related to cardiovascular disorders or tumors, and novel therapeutic approaches for endothelial dysfunctions. Vascular endothelium is an active tissue and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Chronic exposure to risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterolemia, or oxidative stress, induces endothelial dysfunctions and results in a loss of endothelial integrity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and macrophage recruitment. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is complex and multi-factorial factors are involved, such as oxidative stress or chronic inflammation. The primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunctions, as well as the early detection of or molecular imaging techniques for endothelial dysfunction, helps to prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders. Novel therapeutic approaches or drug delivery systems for endothelial dysfunctions have had promising beneficial effects in preclinical or clinical levels by affecting the progression of atherosclerotic changes, tumor angiogenesis, and host–immune reactions near tumor environments.

endothelial cells --- oxidative stress --- inflammageing --- endothelial dysfunction --- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 --- cardiovascular disease --- neurovascular disease --- vascular inflammation --- APE1/Ref-1 --- cardiovascular diseases --- subcellular localization --- serological biomarkers --- atherosclerosis --- aerobic exercise --- PCSK9 --- LOX-1 --- insulin resistance --- macrophage polarity --- serum γ-glutamyltransferase --- essential hypertension --- cardiovascular risk factors --- angiogenesis --- nargenicin A1 --- compound 9 --- VEGF --- VEGFR2 --- HIF-1α --- electronegative low-density lipoprotein --- LDL(–) --- L5 LDL --- oxidized LDL --- oxLDL --- ADMA --- arginine --- arginine paradox --- BH4 --- blood pressure --- COVID-19 --- dietary supplements --- endothelium --- eNOS uncoupling --- heart failure --- hypertension --- L-arginine --- myocardial infarction --- NADPH --- nitric oxide --- peripheral artery disease --- ApoE knockout mouse --- atorvastatin --- VCAM-1 --- galectin-3 --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- electronegative LDL --- LDL(−) --- lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 --- dyslipidemia --- chronic venous insufficiency --- prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) --- inflammation --- endothelial disfunction --- lung disease --- endothelial to mesenchymal transition --- pulmonary hypertension --- pulmonary fibrosis --- metformin --- diabetes --- CV risk --- hyperglycemia --- glycated lipoproteins --- glycated LDL --- glycated HDL --- endothelial cell dysfunction --- molecular mechanisms --- epigenetic factors --- therapeutic approaches --- vasoactive factors --- EndoMT --- TGF-β --- epigenetics --- endothelial cell --- glycolysis --- metabolism --- pathological angiogenesis --- tumor microenvironment --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- high-fat diets --- plaque burden --- low-level laser therapy --- phototherapy --- vascular disease --- healing --- ischemia --- vascular calcification --- chronic kidney disease --- CKD --- uremic toxins --- hyperphosphatemia --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- VSMCs --- macrophages --- n/a --- LDL(-)