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The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed.

FGD wastewater --- integrated membrane-based process --- zero liquid-discharge --- sustainability --- bioethanol --- sweeping gas membrane distillation --- SGMD --- glucose --- permeate flux --- optimization --- membrane distillation --- triple layer composite membrane --- highly concentrated solutions --- PVDF --- PES --- membrane stability --- polypropylene --- TIPS --- talc --- desalination --- brine treatment --- pilot scale --- permeate quality --- membrane filtration --- high salinity --- spacer-filled channel --- temperature polarization --- computational fluid dynamics --- thermochromic liquid crystals --- distillation --- high recovery rate --- brine concentration --- zero liquid discharge --- membrane distillation module --- wastewater concentration --- resource recovery --- 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone --- solvent dehydration --- hollow-fiber membrane --- multi-objective optimization --- submerged module --- capillary membrane --- direct contact membrane distillation --- urea --- low temperature --- composite membrane --- plasma-polymerized hydrophobic fluorosiloxane coating --- hydrophilic porous hollow-fiber substrate --- n/a

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The use of biomass and organic waste material as a primary resource for the production of fuels, chemicals, and electric power is of growing significance in light of the environmental issues associated with the use of fossil fuels. For this reason, it is vital that new and more efficient technologies for the conversion of biomass are investigated and developed. Today, various advanced methods can be used for the conversion of biomass. These methods are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, and electrochemical conversion. This book collects papers that consider various aspects of sustainability in the conversion of biomass into valuable products, covering all the technical stages from biomass production to residue management. In particular, it focuses on experimental and simulation studies aiming to investigate new processes and technologies on the industrial, pilot, and bench scales.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- biomass pellet --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- chemometrics --- quality indexes --- biogas --- circular economy --- bioeconomy --- wastes --- energy --- R.E.S --- biomass --- anaerobic --- digestion --- agriculture --- livestock --- Greece --- biorefinery --- absorbent hygiene product --- waste --- gasification --- devolatilization --- pyrolysis --- fluidized bed --- diapers --- cellulosic fraction --- chemical looping --- autothermal --- pilot plant --- Açaí --- residual seeds --- bio-oil --- distillation --- gasoline --- light kerosene --- kerosene-like fuel --- torrefaction --- agricultural by-products --- mixing ratios --- solid fuel --- pellet evaluation --- Açaí seeds --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hot compressed water --- process analysis --- HMF --- furfural --- acetic acid --- mass production --- corn stover --- hydrothermal process --- hydrochar --- adsorption --- thermo-gravimetric analysis --- scanning electron microscopy --- X-ray diffraction --- BET analysis --- disposable masks --- devolatilization tests --- Aspen Plus ®simulation --- tar analysis --- ultrasonic --- components fractionation --- lignocellulose --- ethanol treatment --- biomass gasification --- dual bubbling bed gasifier --- innovative pilot scale gasifier --- H2-rich syngas

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Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.

Technology: general issues --- aquaporin --- forward osmosis (FO) --- membrane --- scaling --- calcium --- post-treatment --- nanofiltration --- calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging --- water purification --- desalination --- ultrafiltration --- membrane fouling --- fouling model --- surface water --- coagulation --- backwash --- polyamide membrane --- carbon nitride --- seawater desalination --- mixed matrix membranes --- thin film composite --- diffusion dialysis --- anion exchange membrane --- acid recovery --- paper mill treated effluent --- optimization --- fouling --- DoE --- Taguchi method --- fouling development model --- filtration law --- pore blocking --- multiple linear regression --- statistical test --- WWTP --- renovation and upgrading --- ultrafiltration membrane --- net present value --- biofouling --- polyethersulfone --- chlorine --- membrane modification --- low-fouling surface --- anaerobic membrane bioreactor --- temperature --- membrane fouling behavior --- sludge flocs characteristics --- soluble microbial product --- extracellular polymeric substance --- DSPM model --- heavy metals --- total volume membrane charge density --- ceramic membrane --- membrane surface modification --- antifouling --- hydrophilicity --- mussel-inspired --- protein --- sulfonic cation-exchange membrane --- hydration number --- pulsed field gradient NMR --- diffusion coefficient --- ionic conductivity --- membrane module modeling --- calcium sulfate precipitation risk --- ionic rejection coefficients --- quorum sensing --- acyl homoserine lactone --- olive mill wastewater --- membrane separation process --- microfiltration --- reverse osmosis --- water recovery --- chitosan --- water content --- water permeability --- alkali treatment --- characterization --- dyes --- molecular structure --- physico-chemical properties --- filter water bag --- Dioscorea hispida --- starch --- forward osmosis membrane --- glutaraldehyde --- emergency --- cobalt(II) --- supported liquid membranes --- ultrasound --- D2EHPA --- counter-transport --- transport parameters --- modeling --- thiocyanate --- wastewater treatment --- process design --- antibiotics --- antibiotic resistance genes --- viral genomes --- wastewater effluents --- occurrence --- pilot-scale treatment --- selective separation --- ion-exchange resin --- wafer-enhanced electrodeionization --- aquaporin --- forward osmosis (FO) --- membrane --- scaling --- calcium --- post-treatment --- nanofiltration --- calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging --- water purification --- desalination --- ultrafiltration --- membrane fouling --- fouling model --- surface water --- coagulation --- backwash --- polyamide membrane --- carbon nitride --- seawater desalination --- mixed matrix membranes --- thin film composite --- diffusion dialysis --- anion exchange membrane --- acid recovery --- paper mill treated effluent --- optimization --- fouling --- DoE --- Taguchi method --- fouling development model --- filtration law --- pore blocking --- multiple linear regression --- statistical test --- WWTP --- renovation and upgrading --- ultrafiltration membrane --- net present value --- biofouling --- polyethersulfone --- chlorine --- membrane modification --- low-fouling surface --- anaerobic membrane bioreactor --- temperature --- membrane fouling behavior --- sludge flocs characteristics --- soluble microbial product --- extracellular polymeric substance --- DSPM model --- heavy metals --- total volume membrane charge density --- ceramic membrane --- membrane surface modification --- antifouling --- hydrophilicity --- mussel-inspired --- protein --- sulfonic cation-exchange membrane --- hydration number --- pulsed field gradient NMR --- diffusion coefficient --- ionic conductivity --- membrane module modeling --- calcium sulfate precipitation risk --- ionic rejection coefficients --- quorum sensing --- acyl homoserine lactone --- olive mill wastewater --- membrane separation process --- microfiltration --- reverse osmosis --- water recovery --- chitosan --- water content --- water permeability --- alkali treatment --- characterization --- dyes --- molecular structure --- physico-chemical properties --- filter water bag --- Dioscorea hispida --- starch --- forward osmosis membrane --- glutaraldehyde --- emergency --- cobalt(II) --- supported liquid membranes --- ultrasound --- D2EHPA --- counter-transport --- transport parameters --- modeling --- thiocyanate --- wastewater treatment --- process design --- antibiotics --- antibiotic resistance genes --- viral genomes --- wastewater effluents --- occurrence --- pilot-scale treatment --- selective separation --- ion-exchange resin --- wafer-enhanced electrodeionization

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Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Technology: general issues --- polynuclear cobalt complexes --- water oxidation --- artificial photosynthesis --- Fe/Cu catalytic-ceramic-filler --- nitrobenzene compounds wastewater --- pilot-scale test --- biodegradability-improvement --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) --- oxygenates --- iron --- cobalt --- ruthenium --- Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution --- Fischer–Tropsch --- catalyst deactivation --- potassium --- liquid-phase catalytic oxidation --- limonene --- carvone --- zeolitic imidazolate frameworks --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- chain growth --- CO insertion --- kinetic isotope effect --- DFT --- hydrogenation of CO --- iron catalysts --- syngas --- monometallic iron catalysts --- Fischer–Tropsch product distribution --- reaction mechanism --- catalysis --- process synthesis and design --- energy conversion --- iron–cobalt bimetal catalysts --- electrochemical application --- hydrogen evolution --- oxygen evolution --- oxygen reduction --- RWGS --- iron oxides --- CO2 conversion --- gas-switching --- Synthetic natural gas (SNG) --- Cobalt --- Iron --- C2–C4 hydrocarbons --- paraffin ratio --- asymmetric hydrogenation --- homogeneous catalysis --- structural design --- conformational analysis --- NMR spectroscopy --- alumina --- strong metal support interactions --- CO2 hydrogenation --- pressure --- temperature --- cobalt carboxylate --- coating --- autoxidation --- alkyd --- siccative --- polymerization --- manganese --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- modeling --- kinetics --- Co --- Al2O3 --- Pt --- Cd --- In --- Sn --- hydrocarbon selectivity --- synergic effect --- GTL --- additives --- reducibility --- XANES --- mesoporous silica based catalysts --- kinetic studies --- 3-D printed microchannel microreactor --- cobalt–nickel nanoparticles --- cobalt–nickel alloys --- nickel --- HAADF-STEM --- TPR-EXAFS/XANES --- CO hydrogenation --- CSTR --- n/a --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) --- Fischer-Tropsch --- Fischer-Tropsch product distribution --- iron-cobalt bimetal catalysts --- C2-C4 hydrocarbons --- cobalt-nickel nanoparticles --- cobalt-nickel alloys

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Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.

aquaporin --- forward osmosis (FO) --- membrane --- scaling --- calcium --- post-treatment --- nanofiltration --- calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging --- water purification --- desalination --- ultrafiltration --- membrane fouling --- fouling model --- surface water --- coagulation --- backwash --- polyamide membrane --- carbon nitride --- seawater desalination --- mixed matrix membranes --- thin film composite --- diffusion dialysis --- anion exchange membrane --- acid recovery --- paper mill treated effluent --- optimization --- fouling --- DoE --- Taguchi method --- fouling development model --- filtration law --- pore blocking --- multiple linear regression --- statistical test --- WWTP --- renovation and upgrading --- ultrafiltration membrane --- net present value --- biofouling --- polyethersulfone --- chlorine --- membrane modification --- low-fouling surface --- anaerobic membrane bioreactor --- temperature --- membrane fouling behavior --- sludge flocs characteristics --- soluble microbial product --- extracellular polymeric substance --- DSPM model --- heavy metals --- total volume membrane charge density --- ceramic membrane --- membrane surface modification --- antifouling --- hydrophilicity --- mussel-inspired --- protein --- sulfonic cation-exchange membrane --- hydration number --- pulsed field gradient NMR --- diffusion coefficient --- ionic conductivity --- membrane module modeling --- calcium sulfate precipitation risk --- ionic rejection coefficients --- quorum sensing --- acyl homoserine lactone --- olive mill wastewater --- membrane separation process --- microfiltration --- reverse osmosis --- water recovery --- chitosan --- water content --- water permeability --- alkali treatment --- characterization --- dyes --- molecular structure --- physico-chemical properties --- filter water bag --- Dioscorea hispida --- starch --- forward osmosis membrane --- glutaraldehyde --- emergency --- cobalt(II) --- supported liquid membranes --- ultrasound --- D2EHPA --- counter-transport --- transport parameters --- modeling --- thiocyanate --- wastewater treatment --- process design --- antibiotics --- antibiotic resistance genes --- viral genomes --- wastewater effluents --- occurrence --- pilot-scale treatment --- selective separation --- ion-exchange resin --- wafer-enhanced electrodeionization --- n/a