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After 50 years from the discovery of crown-ethers, macrocyclic hosts continue to play a pivotal role in supramolecular chemistry. The presence of a cavity makes them ideal candidates to perform supramolecular functions such as catalysis, molecular and biomolecular recognition, sensing, self-assembly, and synthesis of interpenetrated architectures. In addition, thanks to their synthetic versatility, the macrocycles are considered useful platforms for the design of more elaborated structures for the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers and for applications in biomimetic chemistry. These aspects have stimulated the creativeness of the scientists that in this way started imagining novel macrocyclic structures with the aim to perform ever more advanced supramolecular functions and properties. Thus, in the last years, in addition to the most innovative aspects regarding the "old" macrocycles, much attention has also been focused on the synthesis of new macrocycles. These studies have led to the discovery of novel classes of molecules such as pillararenes, biphenarenes, calixnaphthalenes, large resorcinarenes and a wide class of heteracalixarenes, coronarenes, which have found application in several areas of supramolecular chemistry. The aim of this Research Topic is to outline the most innovative researches regarding the chemistry of macrocyclic compounds and their supramolecular properties.

Science: general issues --- biomimetic systems --- biomedical applications --- supramolecular catalysis --- cucurbiturils --- cycloparaphenylenes --- carbon-nanohoops --- pillararene --- chiral recognition

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After 50 years from the discovery of crown-ethers, macrocyclic hosts continue to play a pivotal role in supramolecular chemistry. The presence of a cavity makes them ideal candidates to perform supramolecular functions such as catalysis, molecular and biomolecular recognition, sensing, self-assembly, and synthesis of interpenetrated architectures. In addition, thanks to their synthetic versatility, the macrocycles are considered useful platforms for the design of more elaborated structures for the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers and for applications in biomimetic chemistry. These aspects have stimulated the creativeness of the scientists that in this way started imagining novel macrocyclic structures with the aim to perform ever more advanced supramolecular functions and properties. Thus, in the last years, in addition to the most innovative aspects regarding the "old" macrocycles, much attention has also been focused on the synthesis of new macrocycles. These studies have led to the discovery of novel classes of molecules such as pillararenes, biphenarenes, calixnaphthalenes, large resorcinarenes and a wide class of heteracalixarenes, coronarenes, which have found application in several areas of supramolecular chemistry. The aim of this Research Topic is to outline the most innovative researches regarding the chemistry of macrocyclic compounds and their supramolecular properties.

Science: general issues --- biomimetic systems --- biomedical applications --- supramolecular catalysis --- cucurbiturils --- cycloparaphenylenes --- carbon-nanohoops --- pillararene --- chiral recognition --- biomimetic systems --- biomedical applications --- supramolecular catalysis --- cucurbiturils --- cycloparaphenylenes --- carbon-nanohoops --- pillararene --- chiral recognition

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A growing interest has been devoted to the development of host systems for ionic and neutral species based on calixarenes. These cyclic oligomers show important host–guest properties, which has led to numerous applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis, sensing, extraction and separation, and, more recently, biomedical applications. The relative ease of the functionalization of their upper and lower rims and the presence of a pre-organized cavity that is available in different sizes and conformations make calixarenes attractive building blocks for the construction of supramolecular assemblies. This book presents the most recent developments on the host–guest properties of calixarenes, as well as the new synthetic methods and applications.

Research & information: general --- thiosemicarbazone --- calix[4]arene --- metal complex --- X-ray structure --- antimicrobial --- anticancer --- copper --- supramolecular --- inclusion complex --- fluorescence --- sensor --- density functional theory --- calix[3]arenes --- metacyclophanes --- calixarene-analogous metacyclophanes --- inherent chirality --- host-guest chemistry --- dihomooxacalix[4]arenes --- naphthyl(thio)urea anion receptors --- alkylammonium hydrochlorides --- ditopic receptors --- chiral recognition --- NMR studies --- UV-Vis absorption studies --- fluorescence studies --- X-ray diffraction --- DFT calculations --- calixarene --- resorcinarene --- pillararene --- antibiotic --- fungicide --- biofilm inhibition --- calixarenes --- threading --- chirality --- barfate salts --- pseudorotaxane --- chiral axles --- chiral wheels. --- calixarene-like structure --- polyoxometalates --- nitronate --- crystal structure --- host–guest chemistry --- anion receptor --- anion --- sensors --- lanthanides --- UV–vis studies --- quantum yields --- lifetime measurements --- noncovalent synthesis --- hierarchical control --- calix[4]tubes --- metallo-porphyrins --- phthalimide derivatives --- conventional synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- ball milling --- NMR spectroscopy --- electronic absorption and fluorescence studies

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A growing interest has been devoted to the development of host systems for ionic and neutral species based on calixarenes. These cyclic oligomers show important host–guest properties, which has led to numerous applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis, sensing, extraction and separation, and, more recently, biomedical applications. The relative ease of the functionalization of their upper and lower rims and the presence of a pre-organized cavity that is available in different sizes and conformations make calixarenes attractive building blocks for the construction of supramolecular assemblies. This book presents the most recent developments on the host–guest properties of calixarenes, as well as the new synthetic methods and applications.

thiosemicarbazone --- calix[4]arene --- metal complex --- X-ray structure --- antimicrobial --- anticancer --- copper --- supramolecular --- inclusion complex --- fluorescence --- sensor --- density functional theory --- calix[3]arenes --- metacyclophanes --- calixarene-analogous metacyclophanes --- inherent chirality --- host-guest chemistry --- dihomooxacalix[4]arenes --- naphthyl(thio)urea anion receptors --- alkylammonium hydrochlorides --- ditopic receptors --- chiral recognition --- NMR studies --- UV-Vis absorption studies --- fluorescence studies --- X-ray diffraction --- DFT calculations --- calixarene --- resorcinarene --- pillararene --- antibiotic --- fungicide --- biofilm inhibition --- calixarenes --- threading --- chirality --- barfate salts --- pseudorotaxane --- chiral axles --- chiral wheels. --- calixarene-like structure --- polyoxometalates --- nitronate --- crystal structure --- host–guest chemistry --- anion receptor --- anion --- sensors --- lanthanides --- UV–vis studies --- quantum yields --- lifetime measurements --- noncovalent synthesis --- hierarchical control --- calix[4]tubes --- metallo-porphyrins --- phthalimide derivatives --- conventional synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- ball milling --- NMR spectroscopy --- electronic absorption and fluorescence studies

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Dear Colleagues,Supramolecular systems (calixarenes, cyclodextrins, polymers, peptides, etc.) have attracted special attention due to their excellent therapeutic properties for biomedical applications such as gene and drug delivery. Numerous biomaterials-based supramolecular systems have been developed in the last decade for enhancing of biocompatibility and pharmacological activity. In particular, supramolecular nanomaterials are considered a hot research topic, because nanomedicine has become an interesting tool for the treatment of genetic diseases or cancer. Nevertheless, novel systems and their properties are being continuously studied, contributing to the development of efficient delivery systems.This Special Issue provides and highlights current progress in the use of the supramolecular systems for boosting gene and drug delivery. Preparation, characterization, and use of these systems, as well as the latest developments in this research field, are especially welcome.Authors are encorauged to submit original research articles and reviews in this promising research field.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge --- phenylethylamine --- 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole (AT) --- gold nanoparticles --- carrier of therapeutic agents --- ferritin --- drug delivery --- tumor targeting --- half-life extension --- PAMAM dendrimers --- folic acid --- mRNA --- gene expression --- long acting injectables --- poly(l-lactic acid) --- poly(butylene adipate) --- block copolymers --- aripiprazole --- microparticles --- sustained release --- cationic calix[4]arenes --- liposomes --- nucleic acids --- transfection efficiency --- doxorubicin --- encapsulation --- adenine-uracil base pair --- complementary hydrogen bonded drug carrier system --- controlled drug delivery --- supramolecular nanogels --- selective cytotoxicity --- supramolecular self-assembled ribbon-like structures (SRLS) --- Congo red (CR) --- doxorubicin (Dox) --- bovine serum albumin (BSA) --- immunoglobulin light chain λ (Lλ) --- heat aggregated immunoglobulins (HAI) --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- elution volume (Ve) --- multi-walled carbon nanotube --- photothermal therapy --- indocyanine green --- synergistic strategy --- cancer treatment --- targeted drug delivery --- pillararene --- host:guest --- supramolecular --- hydrophobic --- ITC --- NMR --- magnetoliposomes --- microfluidics --- oral drug delivery --- magnetite nanoparticles --- β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge --- phenylethylamine --- 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole (AT) --- gold nanoparticles --- carrier of therapeutic agents --- ferritin --- drug delivery --- tumor targeting --- half-life extension --- PAMAM dendrimers --- folic acid --- mRNA --- gene expression --- long acting injectables --- poly(l-lactic acid) --- poly(butylene adipate) --- block copolymers --- aripiprazole --- microparticles --- sustained release --- cationic calix[4]arenes --- liposomes --- nucleic acids --- transfection efficiency --- doxorubicin --- encapsulation --- adenine-uracil base pair --- complementary hydrogen bonded drug carrier system --- controlled drug delivery --- supramolecular nanogels --- selective cytotoxicity --- supramolecular self-assembled ribbon-like structures (SRLS) --- Congo red (CR) --- doxorubicin (Dox) --- bovine serum albumin (BSA) --- immunoglobulin light chain λ (Lλ) --- heat aggregated immunoglobulins (HAI) --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- elution volume (Ve) --- multi-walled carbon nanotube --- photothermal therapy --- indocyanine green --- synergistic strategy --- cancer treatment --- targeted drug delivery --- pillararene --- host:guest --- supramolecular --- hydrophobic --- ITC --- NMR --- magnetoliposomes --- microfluidics --- oral drug delivery --- magnetite nanoparticles