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Archaeometry and cultural heritage have lately taken advantage of developments in scientific techniques, offering valuable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation science, involving both instrumental and non-instrumental approaches. Among the possible techniques, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) has become one of the most applied techniques for cultural heritage elemental material characterization due to its user friendliness; fast, short acquisition times; portability; and most of all, its absolutely non-destructive nature. For this reason, besides being often a first choice for a preliminary overall materials investigation, XRF spectrometers and spectra data handling methods have continuously improved, giving rise to many variations of the same technique; portable spectrometers, micro-probes, and large area scanners are all variations of a very flexible technique. This Special Issue collects papers dealing with most of the analytical techniques related to XRF spectroscopy appropriate for applications to Cultural Heritage materials. We dedicate this Special Issue to the loving memory of Professor Mario Milazzo, a pioneer of Archaeometry in Italy, awarded in 2002 the Gold Medal for Culture by the Italian President. He is remembered as a generous and pleasant man with an insightful, logical mind, who was able to find an appropriate joke for every situation. Many of us following his footsteps in the research field of applied physics for Cultural Heritage still appreciate his vision, teaching, and impact on our lives.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- MA-XRF --- conservation studies --- furniture --- Pietro Piffetti --- chinoiserie lacquered cabinet --- SAM --- STEAM --- pigments --- elemental mapping --- painting stratigraphy --- Giotto --- heritage science --- non-invasive analysis --- portable equipment --- pigment identification --- van der Weyden --- Flemish painting --- calco-potassic glass in painting --- INFN-CHNet --- Opificio delle Pietre Dure --- X-ray fluorescence --- synchrotron radiation --- µXRF --- µXANES --- black gloss --- ancient ceramics --- roman mortar --- historic mortar --- mosaic floors --- XRF --- Bracara Augusta --- Stradivari --- musical instrument --- mandolin --- varnish --- coatings --- multi-layered structure --- reflection FT-IR --- spectroscopy --- pXRF --- PCA --- pottery --- EDXRF --- cultural heritage materials --- pigment analysis --- ceramics classification --- metal alloy quantitative analysis --- n/a

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The book presents a collection of original scientific studies aimed at identifying the pigments and dyes in several archaeological or historical objects and artworks. The objects under investigation span from ancient Greek vases to modern paintings, and show the importance of scientific analysis not only to reveal the artists’ materials in different contexts, but also to support conservation and curatorial strategies for the preservation and display of cultural heritage.

Research & information: general --- Late Cycladic I --- brominated indigoids --- Muricidae --- murex --- purpurissum --- true purple --- microRaman --- FTIR --- HPLC-DAD --- weld lake pigments --- yellow lakes --- luteolin --- 19th century --- Winsor &amp --- Newton --- conservation --- Liu Kang --- SEM-EDS --- MA-XRF --- IRFC --- X-RAY --- RTI --- hidden paintings --- pigments --- synthetic organic pigments --- royal talens --- handheld raman spectroscopy --- microraman spectroscopy --- modern artist oil paint --- urolithin C --- brazilein --- brazilwood marker component --- historical textile --- alteration --- cadmium orange --- chlorine --- selenium --- terracotta --- maize stem --- New Spain --- computerized tomography --- Raman --- SEM-EDX --- Mexican sculpture --- polychrome sculpture --- Maria Sibylla Merian --- colored prints --- hyperspectral imaging --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- photometric stereo --- Prussian blue --- non-invasive pigment characterization --- textiles --- dyes --- Peru --- ambient ionization mass spectrometry --- DART-MS --- paper spray MS --- HPLC --- non-invasive techniques --- FORS --- XRF --- illuminated manuscripts --- brazilwood --- colourants --- Antoine de Lonhy --- Torino --- reflectance spectroscopy --- SERS --- synthetic dyes --- Tholu Bommalata --- puppets --- pigment identification --- Raman spectroscopy --- scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy --- microstratigraphic analysis --- Viking Age --- dyestuff --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- aragonite --- Brunswick green --- clinochlore --- mortars --- ultramarine yellow --- vermilion --- wall paintings --- XRD --- Henri Matisse --- cut-outs --- gouache --- Pigment identification --- light sensitivity --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- microfaedometry (MFT) --- Late Cycladic I --- brominated indigoids --- Muricidae --- murex --- purpurissum --- true purple --- microRaman --- FTIR --- HPLC-DAD --- weld lake pigments --- yellow lakes --- luteolin --- 19th century --- Winsor &amp --- Newton --- conservation --- Liu Kang --- SEM-EDS --- MA-XRF --- IRFC --- X-RAY --- RTI --- hidden paintings --- pigments --- synthetic organic pigments --- royal talens --- handheld raman spectroscopy --- microraman spectroscopy --- modern artist oil paint --- urolithin C --- brazilein --- brazilwood marker component --- historical textile --- alteration --- cadmium orange --- chlorine --- selenium --- terracotta --- maize stem --- New Spain --- computerized tomography --- Raman --- SEM-EDX --- Mexican sculpture --- polychrome sculpture --- Maria Sibylla Merian --- colored prints --- hyperspectral imaging --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- photometric stereo --- Prussian blue --- non-invasive pigment characterization --- textiles --- dyes --- Peru --- ambient ionization mass spectrometry --- DART-MS --- paper spray MS --- HPLC --- non-invasive techniques --- FORS --- XRF --- illuminated manuscripts --- brazilwood --- colourants --- Antoine de Lonhy --- Torino --- reflectance spectroscopy --- SERS --- synthetic dyes --- Tholu Bommalata --- puppets --- pigment identification --- Raman spectroscopy --- scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy --- microstratigraphic analysis --- Viking Age --- dyestuff --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- aragonite --- Brunswick green --- clinochlore --- mortars --- ultramarine yellow --- vermilion --- wall paintings --- XRD --- Henri Matisse --- cut-outs --- gouache --- Pigment identification --- light sensitivity --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- microfaedometry (MFT)

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Archaeometry and cultural heritage have lately taken advantage of developments in scientific techniques, offering valuable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation science, involving both instrumental and non-instrumental approaches. Among the possible techniques, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) has become one of the most applied techniques for cultural heritage elemental material characterization due to its user friendliness; fast, short acquisition times; portability; and most of all, its absolutely non-destructive nature. For this reason, besides being often a first choice for a preliminary overall materials investigation, XRF spectrometers and spectra data handling methods have continuously improved, giving rise to many variations of the same technique; portable spectrometers, micro-probes, and large area scanners are all variations of a very flexible technique. This Special Issue collects papers dealing with most of the analytical techniques related to XRF spectroscopy appropriate for applications to Cultural Heritage materials. We dedicate this Special Issue to the loving memory of Professor Mario Milazzo, a pioneer of Archaeometry in Italy, awarded in 2002 the Gold Medal for Culture by the Italian President. He is remembered as a generous and pleasant man with an insightful, logical mind, who was able to find an appropriate joke for every situation. Many of us following his footsteps in the research field of applied physics for Cultural Heritage still appreciate his vision, teaching, and impact on our lives.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- MA-XRF --- conservation studies --- furniture --- Pietro Piffetti --- chinoiserie lacquered cabinet --- SAM --- STEAM --- pigments --- elemental mapping --- painting stratigraphy --- Giotto --- heritage science --- non-invasive analysis --- portable equipment --- pigment identification --- van der Weyden --- Flemish painting --- calco-potassic glass in painting --- INFN-CHNet --- Opificio delle Pietre Dure --- X-ray fluorescence --- synchrotron radiation --- µXRF --- µXANES --- black gloss --- ancient ceramics --- roman mortar --- historic mortar --- mosaic floors --- XRF --- Bracara Augusta --- Stradivari --- musical instrument --- mandolin --- varnish --- coatings --- multi-layered structure --- reflection FT-IR --- spectroscopy --- pXRF --- PCA --- pottery --- EDXRF --- cultural heritage materials --- pigment analysis --- ceramics classification --- metal alloy quantitative analysis --- MA-XRF --- conservation studies --- furniture --- Pietro Piffetti --- chinoiserie lacquered cabinet --- SAM --- STEAM --- pigments --- elemental mapping --- painting stratigraphy --- Giotto --- heritage science --- non-invasive analysis --- portable equipment --- pigment identification --- van der Weyden --- Flemish painting --- calco-potassic glass in painting --- INFN-CHNet --- Opificio delle Pietre Dure --- X-ray fluorescence --- synchrotron radiation --- µXRF --- µXANES --- black gloss --- ancient ceramics --- roman mortar --- historic mortar --- mosaic floors --- XRF --- Bracara Augusta --- Stradivari --- musical instrument --- mandolin --- varnish --- coatings --- multi-layered structure --- reflection FT-IR --- spectroscopy --- pXRF --- PCA --- pottery --- EDXRF --- cultural heritage materials --- pigment analysis --- ceramics classification --- metal alloy quantitative analysis

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A short book about different issues in optical technologies. The importance of optical technologies for artwork charaterization is well known, in this book we show some examples where different optical technologies are applied in real cultural heritage artworks.

The arts --- digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive --- digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive