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This book is devoted to energy harvesting from smart materials and devices. It focusses on the latest available techniques recently published by researchers all over the world. Energy Harvesting allows otherwise wasted environmental energy to be converted into electric energy, such as vibrations, wind and solar energy. It is a common experience that the limiting factor for wearable electronics, such as smartphones or wearable bands, or for wireless sensors in harsh environments, is the finite energy stored in onboard batteries. Therefore, the answer to the battery “charge or change” issue is energy harvesting because it converts the energy in the precise location where it is needed. In order to achieve this, suitable smart materials are needed, such as piezoelectrics or magnetostrictives. Moreover, energy harvesting may also be exploited for other crucial applications, such as for the powering of implantable medical/sensing devices for humans and animals. Therefore, energy harvesting from smart materials will become increasingly important in the future. This book provides a broad perspective on this topic for researchers and readers with both physics and engineering backgrounds.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- magnetostrictive --- energy harvesting --- wearable --- magnetostrictive materials --- Galfenol --- finite element model --- iron-gallium --- measurements --- preisach model --- piezoelectric ceramics --- lead-free piezoceramics --- virtual instrument --- 3D electrospinning --- PVDF fibers --- piezoelectricity --- piezoelectric sensing --- wind energy harvesting --- snap-through motion --- dynamic stability --- variable-speed --- double-clamped --- width shapes --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- electrodes pair --- MEMS structure --- finite element method --- open circuit voltage --- moving load --- layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC) --- photoactive material --- UV-Vis absorption --- dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) --- photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) --- transition metal modification --- optical bandgap analysis --- renewable energy --- photovoltaic device design --- iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH --- triboelectric effect --- polymer and composites --- low-power devices --- thermomagnetic energy generators --- power generation --- waste heat recovery --- lumped-element modelling --- magnetic shape memory films --- Ni-Mn-Ga film --- magnetization change --- Curie temperature --- finite element simulation --- piezoelectric unit distributions --- electrical potential and energy --- von Mises stress --- PVDF --- piezoelectric material --- human body movements --- glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite --- multifunctional structural laminate --- thermal energy harvesting --- through-thickness thermal gradient --- thermoelectric generator (TEG) --- magnetostrictive --- energy harvesting --- wearable --- magnetostrictive materials --- Galfenol --- finite element model --- iron-gallium --- measurements --- preisach model --- piezoelectric ceramics --- lead-free piezoceramics --- virtual instrument --- 3D electrospinning --- PVDF fibers --- piezoelectricity --- piezoelectric sensing --- wind energy harvesting --- snap-through motion --- dynamic stability --- variable-speed --- double-clamped --- width shapes --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- electrodes pair --- MEMS structure --- finite element method --- open circuit voltage --- moving load --- layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC) --- photoactive material --- UV-Vis absorption --- dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) --- photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) --- transition metal modification --- optical bandgap analysis --- renewable energy --- photovoltaic device design --- iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH --- triboelectric effect --- polymer and composites --- low-power devices --- thermomagnetic energy generators --- power generation --- waste heat recovery --- lumped-element modelling --- magnetic shape memory films --- Ni-Mn-Ga film --- magnetization change --- Curie temperature --- finite element simulation --- piezoelectric unit distributions --- electrical potential and energy --- von Mises stress --- PVDF --- piezoelectric material --- human body movements --- glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite --- multifunctional structural laminate --- thermal energy harvesting --- through-thickness thermal gradient --- thermoelectric generator (TEG)

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Sonic/phononic crystals termed acoustic/sonic band gap media are elastic analogues of photonic crystals and have also recently received renewed attention in many acoustic applications. Photonic crystals have a periodic dielectric modulation with a spatial scale on the order of the optical wavelength. The design and optimization of photonic crystals can be utilized in many applications by combining factors related to the combinations of intermixing materials, lattice symmetry, lattice constant, filling factor, shape of the scattering object, and thickness of a structural layer. Through the publications and discussions of the research on sonic/phononic crystals, researchers can obtain effective and valuable results and improve their future development in related fields. Devices based on these crystals can be utilized in mechanical and physical applications and can also be designed for novel applications as based on the investigations in this Special Issue.

History of engineering & technology --- optical force --- photonic crystal cavity --- particle trapping --- optomechanical sensing --- polarization converter --- photonic crystal fiber --- square lattice --- extinction ratio --- polarization splitter --- dual-core photonic crystal fiber --- coupling characteristics --- phononic crystal --- auxetic structure --- star-shaped honeycomb structure --- wave propagation --- orbital angular momentum --- modal dispersion --- stress-induced birefringence --- finite element method --- mode-division multiplexing --- Erbium-doped fiber amplifier --- photonic crystal fibers --- cylindrical lens --- photonic nanojet --- graded-index --- vibration energy harvester --- defect bands --- piezoelectric material --- magnetostrictive material --- output voltage and power --- locally resonant --- band gap --- differential quadrature method --- direct laser writing --- KTP --- nonlinear optics --- photonic coupling --- energy harvesting --- defect modes --- phononic crystals (PCs) --- colloidal photonic crystals --- tunable photonic band gaps --- anti-counterfeiting --- coupled elastic waves --- laminated piezoelectric phononic crystals --- arbitrarily anisotropic materials --- band tunability --- electrical boundaries --- dispersion curves --- photonic crystals --- photonic bandgaps --- polymer materials --- acoustic metamaterial --- effective medium --- bubble resonance --- negative modulus --- graphene --- kerr effect --- optical switch --- photonic band gap --- photonic crystal --- microwave photonics --- optical frequency combs --- waveguide --- complete PBG --- PDOS --- TE --- TM --- beam shaping --- angular filtering --- autocloning --- multilayered structures --- sensor --- sensitivity --- figure of merit --- n/a

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This book is devoted to energy harvesting from smart materials and devices. It focusses on the latest available techniques recently published by researchers all over the world. Energy Harvesting allows otherwise wasted environmental energy to be converted into electric energy, such as vibrations, wind and solar energy. It is a common experience that the limiting factor for wearable electronics, such as smartphones or wearable bands, or for wireless sensors in harsh environments, is the finite energy stored in onboard batteries. Therefore, the answer to the battery “charge or change” issue is energy harvesting because it converts the energy in the precise location where it is needed. In order to achieve this, suitable smart materials are needed, such as piezoelectrics or magnetostrictives. Moreover, energy harvesting may also be exploited for other crucial applications, such as for the powering of implantable medical/sensing devices for humans and animals. Therefore, energy harvesting from smart materials will become increasingly important in the future. This book provides a broad perspective on this topic for researchers and readers with both physics and engineering backgrounds.

magnetostrictive --- energy harvesting --- wearable --- magnetostrictive materials --- Galfenol --- finite element model --- iron–gallium --- measurements --- preisach model --- piezoelectric ceramics --- lead-free piezoceramics --- virtual instrument --- 3D electrospinning --- PVDF fibers --- piezoelectricity --- piezoelectric sensing --- wind energy harvesting --- snap-through motion --- dynamic stability --- variable-speed --- double-clamped --- width shapes --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- electrodes pair --- MEMS structure --- finite element method --- open circuit voltage --- moving load --- layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC) --- photoactive material --- UV-Vis absorption --- dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) --- photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) --- transition metal modification --- optical bandgap analysis --- renewable energy --- photovoltaic device design --- iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH --- triboelectric effect --- polymer and composites --- low-power devices --- thermomagnetic energy generators --- power generation --- waste heat recovery --- lumped-element modelling --- magnetic shape memory films --- Ni-Mn-Ga film --- magnetization change --- Curie temperature --- finite element simulation --- piezoelectric unit distributions --- electrical potential and energy --- von Mises stress --- PVDF --- piezoelectric material --- human body movements --- glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite --- multifunctional structural laminate --- thermal energy harvesting --- through-thickness thermal gradient --- thermoelectric generator (TEG) --- n/a --- iron-gallium

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Advances in miniaturization of sensors, actuators, and smart systems are receiving substantial industrial attention, and a wide variety of transducers are commercially available or with high potential to impact emerging markets. Substituting existing products based on bulk materials, in fields such as automotive, environment, food, robotics, medicine, biotechnology, communications, and other technologies, with reduced size, lower cost, and higher performance, is now possible, with potential for manufacturing using advanced silicon integrated circuits technology or alternative additive techniques from the mili- to the nano-scale. In this Special Issue, which is focused on piezoelectric transducers, a wide range of topics are covered, including the design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration or final applications of mili/micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems based transducers.

History of engineering & technology --- cylindrical composite --- piezoceramic/epoxy composite --- electromechanical characteristics --- transducer --- piezoelectric actuators --- positioning --- trajectory control --- numerical analysis --- trajectory planning --- square piezoelectric vibrator --- resonance --- piezoelectric diaphragm pump --- flexible support --- piezoelectric resonance pump --- piezoelectric ceramics actuators --- hysteresis modeling --- Bouc–Wen model --- P-type IL --- MFA control --- SM control --- evidence theory --- active vibration control --- piezoelectric smart structure --- piezoelectric material --- multiphysics simulation --- finite element method (FEM) --- fluid–structure interaction (FSI) --- micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) --- traveling waves --- piezoelectric --- microactuator --- MEMS --- piezoelectric current sensing device --- two-wire power cord --- cymbal structure --- force amplification effect --- sensitivity --- ciliary bodies touch beam --- piezoelectric tactile feedback devices --- anisotropic vibration tactile model --- human factor experiment --- nondestructive testing --- maturity method --- concrete early-age strength --- SmartRock --- ultrasonic waves --- PZT (piezoelectric) sensors --- structural health monitoring --- AlN thin film --- piezoelectric effect --- resonant accelerometer --- z-axis --- debonding --- non-destructive testing --- electromechanical impedance --- damage detection --- impedance-based technique --- damage depth --- piezoelectric vibration energy harvester --- frequency up-conversion mechanism --- impact --- PZT thick film --- piezoelectric ceramic materials --- Duhem model --- hysteresis model --- class-C power amplifier --- diode expander --- piezoelectric transducers --- point-of-care ultrasound systems --- transverse impact --- frequency up-conversion --- piezoelectric bimorph --- human-limb motion --- hybrid energy harvester --- cascade-connected transducer --- low frequency --- small size --- finite element --- acoustic telemetry --- measurement while drilling --- energy harvesting --- pipelines --- underwater networks --- wireless sensor networks --- control algorithm --- waterproof --- coating --- reliability --- flexible micro-devices --- aqueous environments --- seawater --- capacitive pressure sensors --- in-situ pressure sensing --- sensor characterization --- physiological applications --- cardiac output --- aluminum nitride --- resonator --- damping --- quality factor --- electromechanical coupling --- implantable middle ear hearing device --- piezoelectric transducer --- stimulating site --- finite element analysis --- hearing compensation --- adaptive lens --- piezoelectric devices --- fluid-structure interaction --- moving mesh --- thermal expansion --- COMSOL --- petroleum acoustical-logging --- piezoelectric cylindrical-shell transducer --- center-frequency --- experimental-measurement --- piezoelectricity --- visual servo control --- stepping motor --- nano-positioner --- stick-slip --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- cut-in wind speed --- cut-out wind speed --- energy conservation method --- critical stress method --- piezoelectric actuator --- lever mechanism --- analytical model --- stick-slip frication --- nanopositioning stage --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- mark point recognition --- piecewise fitting --- compensation control --- piezo-electromagnetic coupling --- up-conversion --- vibration energy harvester --- multi-directional vibration --- low frequency vibration --- hysteresis compensation --- single-neuron adaptive control --- Hebb learning rules --- supervised learning --- vibration-based energy harvesting --- multimodal structures --- frequency tuning --- nonlinear resonator --- bistability --- magnetostatic force --- robot --- miniature --- traveling wave --- leg --- piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) --- asymmetric hysteresis --- Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model --- polynomial-modified PI (PMPI) model --- feedforward hysteresis compensation --- PIN-PMN-PT --- 1-3 composite --- high frequency --- phased array --- n/a --- Bouc-Wen model --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Advances in miniaturization of sensors, actuators, and smart systems are receiving substantial industrial attention, and a wide variety of transducers are commercially available or with high potential to impact emerging markets. Substituting existing products based on bulk materials, in fields such as automotive, environment, food, robotics, medicine, biotechnology, communications, and other technologies, with reduced size, lower cost, and higher performance, is now possible, with potential for manufacturing using advanced silicon integrated circuits technology or alternative additive techniques from the mili- to the nano-scale. In this Special Issue, which is focused on piezoelectric transducers, a wide range of topics are covered, including the design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration or final applications of mili/micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems based transducers.

History of engineering & technology --- cylindrical composite --- piezoceramic/epoxy composite --- electromechanical characteristics --- transducer --- piezoelectric actuators --- positioning --- trajectory control --- numerical analysis --- trajectory planning --- square piezoelectric vibrator --- resonance --- piezoelectric diaphragm pump --- flexible support --- piezoelectric resonance pump --- piezoelectric ceramics actuators --- hysteresis modeling --- Bouc-Wen model --- P-type IL --- MFA control --- SM control --- evidence theory --- active vibration control --- piezoelectric smart structure --- piezoelectric material --- multiphysics simulation --- finite element method (FEM) --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) --- traveling waves --- piezoelectric --- microactuator --- MEMS --- piezoelectric current sensing device --- two-wire power cord --- cymbal structure --- force amplification effect --- sensitivity --- ciliary bodies touch beam --- piezoelectric tactile feedback devices --- anisotropic vibration tactile model --- human factor experiment --- nondestructive testing --- maturity method --- concrete early-age strength --- SmartRock --- ultrasonic waves --- PZT (piezoelectric) sensors --- structural health monitoring --- AlN thin film --- piezoelectric effect --- resonant accelerometer --- z-axis --- debonding --- non-destructive testing --- electromechanical impedance --- damage detection --- impedance-based technique --- damage depth --- piezoelectric vibration energy harvester --- frequency up-conversion mechanism --- impact --- PZT thick film --- piezoelectric ceramic materials --- Duhem model --- hysteresis model --- class-C power amplifier --- diode expander --- piezoelectric transducers --- point-of-care ultrasound systems --- transverse impact --- frequency up-conversion --- piezoelectric bimorph --- human-limb motion --- hybrid energy harvester --- cascade-connected transducer --- low frequency --- small size --- finite element --- acoustic telemetry --- measurement while drilling --- energy harvesting --- pipelines --- underwater networks --- wireless sensor networks --- control algorithm --- waterproof --- coating --- reliability --- flexible micro-devices --- aqueous environments --- seawater --- capacitive pressure sensors --- in-situ pressure sensing --- sensor characterization --- physiological applications --- cardiac output --- aluminum nitride --- resonator --- damping --- quality factor --- electromechanical coupling --- implantable middle ear hearing device --- piezoelectric transducer --- stimulating site --- finite element analysis --- hearing compensation --- adaptive lens --- piezoelectric devices --- fluid-structure interaction --- moving mesh --- thermal expansion --- COMSOL --- petroleum acoustical-logging --- piezoelectric cylindrical-shell transducer --- center-frequency --- experimental-measurement --- piezoelectricity --- visual servo control --- stepping motor --- nano-positioner --- stick-slip --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- cut-in wind speed --- cut-out wind speed --- energy conservation method --- critical stress method --- piezoelectric actuator --- lever mechanism --- analytical model --- stick-slip frication --- nanopositioning stage --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- mark point recognition --- piecewise fitting --- compensation control --- piezo-electromagnetic coupling --- up-conversion --- vibration energy harvester --- multi-directional vibration --- low frequency vibration --- hysteresis compensation --- single-neuron adaptive control --- Hebb learning rules --- supervised learning --- vibration-based energy harvesting --- multimodal structures --- frequency tuning --- nonlinear resonator --- bistability --- magnetostatic force --- robot --- miniature --- traveling wave --- leg --- piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) --- asymmetric hysteresis --- Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model --- polynomial-modified PI (PMPI) model --- feedforward hysteresis compensation --- PIN-PMN-PT --- 1-3 composite --- high frequency --- phased array --- cylindrical composite --- piezoceramic/epoxy composite --- electromechanical characteristics --- transducer --- piezoelectric actuators --- positioning --- trajectory control --- numerical analysis --- trajectory planning --- square piezoelectric vibrator --- resonance --- piezoelectric diaphragm pump --- flexible support --- piezoelectric resonance pump --- piezoelectric ceramics actuators --- hysteresis modeling --- Bouc-Wen model --- P-type IL --- MFA control --- SM control --- evidence theory --- active vibration control --- piezoelectric smart structure --- piezoelectric material --- multiphysics simulation --- finite element method (FEM) --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) --- traveling waves --- piezoelectric --- microactuator --- MEMS --- piezoelectric current sensing device --- two-wire power cord --- cymbal structure --- force amplification effect --- sensitivity --- ciliary bodies touch beam --- piezoelectric tactile feedback devices --- anisotropic vibration tactile model --- human factor experiment --- nondestructive testing --- maturity method --- concrete early-age strength --- SmartRock --- ultrasonic waves --- PZT (piezoelectric) sensors --- structural health monitoring --- AlN thin film --- piezoelectric effect --- resonant accelerometer --- z-axis --- debonding --- non-destructive testing --- electromechanical impedance --- damage detection --- impedance-based technique --- damage depth --- piezoelectric vibration energy harvester --- frequency up-conversion mechanism --- impact --- PZT thick film --- piezoelectric ceramic materials --- Duhem model --- hysteresis model --- class-C power amplifier --- diode expander --- piezoelectric transducers --- point-of-care ultrasound systems --- transverse impact --- frequency up-conversion --- piezoelectric bimorph --- human-limb motion --- hybrid energy harvester --- cascade-connected transducer --- low frequency --- small size --- finite element --- acoustic telemetry --- measurement while drilling --- energy harvesting --- pipelines --- underwater networks --- wireless sensor networks --- control algorithm --- waterproof --- coating --- reliability --- flexible micro-devices --- aqueous environments --- seawater --- capacitive pressure sensors --- in-situ pressure sensing --- sensor characterization --- physiological applications --- cardiac output --- aluminum nitride --- resonator --- damping --- quality factor --- electromechanical coupling --- implantable middle ear hearing device --- piezoelectric transducer --- stimulating site --- finite element analysis --- hearing compensation --- adaptive lens --- piezoelectric devices --- fluid-structure interaction --- moving mesh --- thermal expansion --- COMSOL --- petroleum acoustical-logging --- piezoelectric cylindrical-shell transducer --- center-frequency --- experimental-measurement --- piezoelectricity --- visual servo control --- stepping motor --- nano-positioner --- stick-slip --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- cut-in wind speed --- cut-out wind speed --- energy conservation method --- critical stress method --- piezoelectric actuator --- lever mechanism --- analytical model --- stick-slip frication --- nanopositioning stage --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- mark point recognition --- piecewise fitting --- compensation control --- piezo-electromagnetic coupling --- up-conversion --- vibration energy harvester --- multi-directional vibration --- low frequency vibration --- hysteresis compensation --- single-neuron adaptive control --- Hebb learning rules --- supervised learning --- vibration-based energy harvesting --- multimodal structures --- frequency tuning --- nonlinear resonator --- bistability --- magnetostatic force --- robot --- miniature --- traveling wave --- leg --- piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) --- asymmetric hysteresis --- Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model --- polynomial-modified PI (PMPI) model --- feedforward hysteresis compensation --- PIN-PMN-PT --- 1-3 composite --- high frequency --- phased array