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There is a deep distrust of experts in America today. Influenced by populist politics, many question or downright ignore the recommendations of scientists, scholars, and others with specialized training. It appears that expertise, a critical component of democratic life, no longer appeals to wide swaths of the body politic. On Expertise is a robust defense of the expert class. Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher examines modern and ancient theories of expertise through the lens of rhetoric and interviews some forty professionals, revealing how they understand their own expertise and how they came to be known as “experts.” She shows that expertise requires not only knowledge and skill but also, crucially, an acknowledgment by others—both specialists and laypeople—that one is a credible authority. At its heart, expertise is a rhetorical construct, and to be persuasive, experts must have the ability to apply their knowledge and skills rightly—in the right way, at the right time, to achieve the right end. Ultimately, Mehlenbacher argues that experts apply their technical knowledge effectively and win others’ trust through acting prudently and cultivating goodwill. Timely, practical, and sophisticated, On Expertise provides vital scaffolding for our understanding of expertise and its real-world application. This book is essential for beginning the work of rehabilitating the expert class amid a politics of extreme populism and anti-intellectualism.

Expertise. --- Rhetoric. --- and society. --- arete. --- citizen science. --- deliberate practice. --- ethos. --- eunoia. --- expert performance. --- expert. --- expertise. --- experts. --- knowing-how. --- knowing-that. --- philosophy and rhetoric. --- phronesis. --- prudence. --- rhetoric of expertise. --- rhetoric of health. --- rhetoric of science. --- rhetoric of technology. --- rhetorical account of expertise. --- rhetorical studies. --- rhetorical theory. --- science communication. --- science. --- techne. --- technology. --- virtue ethics.

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There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).

Research & information: general --- climate change --- local government --- climate governance --- urban transport --- politics --- local climate action --- climate emergency --- phronesis --- practical wisdom --- crisis --- UK --- Paris Agreement --- carbon budgets --- transport --- governance --- carbon accounting --- scalar --- top-down --- bottom-up --- local governments --- critical infrastructure investment --- capacities --- political leadership attributes --- municipal organizational robustness --- Chile --- pop-up consultancy centre --- local authorities --- home renovation --- decentralised approach --- home-owner renovation journey --- business models --- multi-level governance --- informal settlements --- sanitation services --- institutional remaking --- n/a

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There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).

climate change --- local government --- climate governance --- urban transport --- politics --- local climate action --- climate emergency --- phronesis --- practical wisdom --- crisis --- UK --- Paris Agreement --- carbon budgets --- transport --- governance --- carbon accounting --- scalar --- top-down --- bottom-up --- local governments --- critical infrastructure investment --- capacities --- political leadership attributes --- municipal organizational robustness --- Chile --- pop-up consultancy centre --- local authorities --- home renovation --- decentralised approach --- home-owner renovation journey --- business models --- multi-level governance --- informal settlements --- sanitation services --- institutional remaking --- n/a

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"In this book the philosophers Steve Nadler and Lawrence Shapiro will explain why bad thinking happens to good people. Why is it, they ask, that so large a segment of public can go so wrong in both how they come to form the opinions they do and how they fail to appreciate the moral consequences of acting on them. Their diagnosis of the current state of affairs in America, at least, is this: a significant proportion of the population is stupid. They intend this not as mere name-calling, but a diagnosis of a problem that we neglect at our peril. By "stupid" they do not mean lacking intelligence, knowledge, education, skill or savvy. Stupidity, as they understand it, is a character flaw deserving of blame. Unlike ignorance or lack of intelligence-and bearing in mind that even very smart people can be stupid-it is generally avoidable. Stupid people do not have to be stupid. But they typically refuse to take the steps that would cure them of their condition. This book is our effort to illuminate the various dimensions of stupidity so that it might be more easily recognized and treated. The philosophical subjects of epistemology, which addresses what knowledge is and how to distinguish knowing something from merely believing it, and ethics, the study of the moral principles that ought to govern our behavior, can help us understand the difficult and perilous situation in which we now find ourselves. As philosophers, Nadler and Shapiro will aim to offer a way forward through the tools of philosophy-its questions, its methods and even its millennia-old history of recommendations for how to lead a good and rational life. As they will show, the most potent antidote to stupidity is the wisdom and insights, as well as the practical skills provided by philosophy and its history"-- "Why the tools of philosophy offer a powerful antidote to today's epidemic of irrationalityThere is an epidemic of bad thinking in the world today. An alarming number of people are embracing crazy, even dangerous, ideas. They believe that vaccinations cause autism. They reject the scientific consensus on climate change as a "hoax." And they blame the spread of COVID-19 on the 5G network or a Chinese cabal. Worse, bad thinking drives bad acting-it even inspired a mob to storm the U.S. Capitol. In this book, Steven Nadler and Lawrence Shapiro argue that the best antidote for bad thinking and acting is the wisdom, insights, and practical skills of philosophy. When Bad Thinking Happens to Good People provides an engaging tour through the basic principles of logic, argument, evidence, and probability that can make all of us more reasonable and responsible citizens.When Bad Thinking Happens to Good People shows how we can more readily spot and avoid flawed arguments and unreliable information; determine whether evidence supports or contradicts an idea; distinguish between merely believing something and knowing it; and much more. In doing so, the book reveals how epistemology, which addresses the nature of belief and knowledge, and ethics, the study of moral principles that should govern our behavior, can reduce bad thinking and bad action. Moreover, the book shows why philosophy's millennia-old advice about how to lead a good, rational, and examined life is essential for escaping our current predicament.In a world in which irrationality has exploded to deadly effect, When Bad Thinking Happens to Good People is a timely and essential guide for a return to reason"--

Thought and thinking. --- Fallacies (Logic) --- Abductive reasoning. --- Admonition. --- Akrasia. --- Aphorism. --- Apology (Plato). --- Baruch Spinoza. --- Base rate fallacy. --- Base rate. --- Causality. --- Certainty. --- Climate change. --- Confirmation bias. --- Consideration. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Copyright. --- Cover-up. --- Decision-making. --- Deductive reasoning. --- Deed. --- Deliberation. --- Discretion. --- Disgust. --- Disjunctive syllogism. --- Embarrassment. --- Epistemology. --- Ethics. --- Eudaimonia. --- Euthyphro (prophet). --- Euthyphro. --- Evidentialism. --- Existence of God. --- Explanation. --- Fallacy. --- Feeling. --- Good and evil. --- Gun control. --- Hoax. --- Hypothesis. --- Idiot. --- Inductive reasoning. --- Inference. --- Instance (computer science). --- Irrationality. --- Laziness. --- Literature. --- Logic. --- Mathematician. --- Meditations on First Philosophy. --- Morality. --- Nicomachean Ethics. --- Objectivity (philosophy). --- Observation. --- Of Education. --- Phenomenon. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of science. --- Philosophy. --- Phronesis. --- Piety. --- Plato. --- Police officer. --- Politician. --- Practical reason. --- Pre-Socratic philosophy. --- Prejudice. --- Premise. --- Premises. --- Principle. --- Probability. --- Psychologist. --- Quantity. --- Racism. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reasonable person. --- Requirement. --- Result. --- Science. --- Scientific method. --- Scientist. --- Security guard. --- Self-control. --- Shame. --- Skepticism. --- Slippery slope. --- Soundness. --- State of affairs (sociology). --- Stupidity. --- Suffering. --- Suggestion. --- The Philosopher. --- The unexamined life is not worth living. --- Theft. --- Theory of justification. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Truism. --- Uncertainty. --- Vaccination. --- Validity.

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When Philip Sidney defends poetry by defending the methods used by poets and lawyers alike, he relies on the traditional association between fiction and legal procedure--an association that begins with Aristotle. In this study Kathy Eden offers a new understanding of this tradition, from its origins in Aristotle's Poetics and De Anima, through its development in the psychological and rhetorical theory of late antiquity and the Middle Ages, to its culmination in the literary theory of the Renaissance.Originally published in 1986.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Law and literature. --- Literature --- Philosophy. --- Aristotle. --- 875 ARISTOTELES --- 1 <38> ARISTOTELES --- Law and literature --- Literature and law --- 1 <38> ARISTOTELES Griekse filosofie--ARISTOTELES --- Griekse filosofie--ARISTOTELES --- 875 ARISTOTELES Griekse literatuur--ARISTOTELES --- Griekse literatuur--ARISTOTELES --- Aristoteles. --- Aristoteles --- Aristote --- Aristotle --- Aristotile --- Contributions in philosophy of literature. --- Ἀριστοτέλης. --- Literature and philosophy --- Philosophy and literature --- Theory --- Philosophy --- Arisṭāṭṭil --- Aristo, --- Aristotel --- Aristotele --- Aristóteles, --- Aristòtil --- Arisṭū --- Arisṭūṭālīs --- Arisutoteresu --- Arystoteles --- Ya-li-shih-to-te --- Ya-li-ssu-to-te --- Yalishiduode --- Yalisiduode --- Ἀριστοτέλης --- Αριστοτέλης --- Аристотел --- ארסטו --- אריםטו --- אריסטו --- אריסטוטלס --- אריסטוטלוס --- אריסטוטליס --- أرسطاطاليس --- أرسططاليس --- أرسطو --- أرسطوطالس --- أرسطوطاليس --- ابن رشد --- اريسطو --- Pseudo Aristotele --- Pseudo-Aristotle --- Aeschylus. --- Against the Sophists. --- Allegory. --- An Apology for Poetry. --- Anagnorisis. --- Apology (Plato). --- Arbitration. --- Aristotelian ethics. --- Aristotelianism. --- Averroes. --- Averroism. --- Carneades. --- Catharsis. --- Common law. --- Conflation. --- Critical Essays (Orwell). --- David Daube. --- De Motu (Berkeley's essay). --- Determinatio. --- Dialectic. --- Dianoia. --- Endoxa. --- English poetry. --- Epideictic. --- Erudition. --- Ethics. --- Eudemian Ethics. --- Euripides. --- Exemplum. --- Fiction. --- Good and evil. --- Gorgias. --- Hamartia. --- Hippias Minor. --- Inference. --- Iphigenia in Tauris (Goethe). --- Iphigenia in Tauris. --- Kakia (mythology). --- Lactantius. --- Legal fiction. --- Legal science. --- Literary criticism. --- Literary theory. --- Literature. --- Magna Moralia. --- Memoria. --- Metaphor. --- Metaxy. --- Mimesis. --- Neoplatonism. --- Nicomachean Ethics. --- Objectivity (philosophy). --- Ontology. --- Parmenides. --- Peripeteia. --- Perjury. --- Phaedrus (dialogue). --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of law. --- Phronesis. --- Pity. --- Plotinus. --- Poetic diction. --- Poetics (Aristotle). --- Poetry. --- Praetor. --- Precedent. --- Presumption (canon law). --- Probability. --- Prohairesis. --- Psychology. --- Quintilian. --- Rex Warner. --- Rhetoric (Aristotle). --- Rhetoric. --- Rhetorica ad Herennium. --- Rule of law. --- S. (Dorst novel). --- Sextus Empiricus. --- Shakespearean tragedy. --- Sine qua non. --- Soliloquy. --- Sophocles. --- Stoicism. --- Superiority (short story). --- Syllogism. --- Term logic. --- The Other Hand. --- The Philosopher. --- Theaetetus (dialogue). --- Theory of Forms. --- Theory. --- Thomism. --- Timaeus (dialogue). --- Traditional story. --- Verisimilitude. --- Wickedness. --- Writing.