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This book features the manuscripts accepted for the Special Issue “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence” of the MDPI journal Sensors. Most of the papers come from a selection of the best papers of the 2019 edition of the “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society” (APPLEPIES) Conference, which was held in November 2019. All these papers have been significantly enhanced with novel experimental results. The papers give an overview of the trends in research and development activities concerning the pervasive application of electronics in industry, the environment, and society. The focus of these papers is on cyber physical systems (CPS), with research proposals for new sensor acquisition and ADC (analog to digital converter) methods, high-speed communication systems, cybersecurity, big data management, and data processing including emerging machine learning techniques. Physical implementation aspects are discussed as well as the trade-off found between functional performance and hardware/system costs.

Technology: general issues --- model-based design --- FPGA --- HDL code generation --- wearable sensors --- embedded devices --- face recognition --- face verification --- biometric sensors --- deep learning --- distillation --- convolutional neural networks --- spatial transformer network --- video coding --- discrete cosine transform --- directional transform --- VLSI --- alternative representations to float numbers --- posit arithmetic --- Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) --- neural network activation functions --- surface electromyography --- event-driven --- functional electrical stimulation --- embedded system --- resampling --- interpolating polynomial --- polyphase filter --- digital circuit design --- ASIC --- bitmap indexing --- processing in memory --- memory wall --- big data --- internet of things --- intelligent sensors --- autonomous driving --- cyber security --- HW accelerator --- on-chip random number generator (RNG) --- SHA2 --- ASIC standard-cell --- machine learning --- edge computing --- edge analytics --- ANN --- k-NN --- SVM --- decision trees --- ARM --- X-Cube-AI --- STM32 Nucleo --- rad-hard --- PLL (phase-locked loop) --- SEE (single event effects) --- Spacefibre --- TID (total ionization dose) --- charge pump --- phase/frequency detector --- frequency divider --- ring oscillator --- LC-tank oscillator --- SpaceFibre --- rad-hard circuits --- radiation effects --- high-speed data transfer --- support attitude --- inertial measurement unit --- coal mining --- unscented Kalman filter --- quaternion --- gradient descent --- research data collection and sharing --- connected and automated driving --- deployment and field testing --- vehicular sensors --- impact assessment --- knowledge management --- collaborative project methodology --- model-based design --- FPGA --- HDL code generation --- wearable sensors --- embedded devices --- face recognition --- face verification --- biometric sensors --- deep learning --- distillation --- convolutional neural networks --- spatial transformer network --- video coding --- discrete cosine transform --- directional transform --- VLSI --- alternative representations to float numbers --- posit arithmetic --- Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) --- neural network activation functions --- surface electromyography --- event-driven --- functional electrical stimulation --- embedded system --- resampling --- interpolating polynomial --- polyphase filter --- digital circuit design --- ASIC --- bitmap indexing --- processing in memory --- memory wall --- big data --- internet of things --- intelligent sensors --- autonomous driving --- cyber security --- HW accelerator --- on-chip random number generator (RNG) --- SHA2 --- ASIC standard-cell --- machine learning --- edge computing --- edge analytics --- ANN --- k-NN --- SVM --- decision trees --- ARM --- X-Cube-AI --- STM32 Nucleo --- rad-hard --- PLL (phase-locked loop) --- SEE (single event effects) --- Spacefibre --- TID (total ionization dose) --- charge pump --- phase/frequency detector --- frequency divider --- ring oscillator --- LC-tank oscillator --- SpaceFibre --- rad-hard circuits --- radiation effects --- high-speed data transfer --- support attitude --- inertial measurement unit --- coal mining --- unscented Kalman filter --- quaternion --- gradient descent --- research data collection and sharing --- connected and automated driving --- deployment and field testing --- vehicular sensors --- impact assessment --- knowledge management --- collaborative project methodology

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This reprint presents various aspects of the future grid, which is the next generation of the electrical grid and will enable the smart integration of conventional, renewable, and distributed power generation, energy storage, transmission and distribution, and demand management. Renewable energy is crucial in transitioning to a less carbon-intensive economy and a more sustainable energy system. The high penetration and uncertain power outputs of renewable energy pose great challenges to the stable operation of energy systems. The deployment of the smart grid is revolutionary, and also imperative around the world. It involves and deals with multidisciplinary fields such as energy sources, control systems, communications, computational generation, transmission, distribution, customer operations, markets, and service providers. Smart grids are emerging in both developed and developing countries, with the aim of achieving a reliable and secure electricity supply. Smart grids will eventually require standards, policy, and a regulatory framework for successful implementation. This reprint addresses the emerging and advanced green energy technologies for a sustainable and resilient future grid, and provides a platform to enhance interdisciplinary research and share the most recent ideas.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- islanded mode --- microgrid --- decentralized control --- robust tracking --- invariant set --- thermal energy storage --- parabolic dish --- latent heat --- phase change material --- heat transfer fluid --- bio-inspired algorithms --- wireless sensor network --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- advanced metering infrastructure --- blockchain --- Ethereum --- isolated DC–DC converter --- photovoltaics --- LLC resonant converter --- dual-bridge --- wide voltage range --- power optimizer --- coordinated control --- vehicle-to-grid --- primary frequency control --- secondary frequency control --- state of charge --- decentralized --- Simulink model --- dimensionality reduction --- simple linear regression --- multiple linear regression --- polynomial regression --- load forecasting --- VSC (voltage source converter) --- PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) --- weak grid --- small signal stability --- eigenvalues --- demand-side management --- low-power consumer electronic appliances --- low-voltage distribution system --- non-intrusive identification of appliance usage patterns --- power quality --- smart home --- true power factor --- total harmonic distortion --- renewable energy sources --- energy management system --- communication technologies --- microgrid standards --- third-order sliding mode control --- asynchronous generators --- variable speed dual-rotor wind turbine --- direct field-oriented control --- integral-proportional --- transformer --- internal fault currents --- magnetic inrush currents --- extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm --- harmonic estimation --- DC microgrid --- fault --- cluster --- DC/DC converter --- fault current limiter (FCL) --- multi-objective --- renewable energy --- profit-based scheduling --- Equilibrium Optimizer --- smart grid --- campus microgrid --- batteries --- prosumer market --- distributed generation --- renewable energy resources --- energy storage system --- distributed energy resources --- demand response --- load clustering techniques --- sizing methodologies --- digital signal processing --- green buildings --- spectral analysis --- spectral kurtosis --- life-cycle cost --- optimal scheduling --- reinforcement learning --- enabling technologies --- energy community --- smart meter --- nanogrid --- platform --- power cloud --- n/a --- isolated DC-DC converter

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The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters.

Technology: general issues --- isolated microgrid --- renewable energy source --- diesel generator --- battery energy storage system --- hierarchical control --- power systems --- floquet multiplier --- poincaré map --- time series data --- DFIG --- renewable energy --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- control strategy --- modular multilevel converter --- state-of-charge (SOC) equalization --- preliminary design --- optimization --- rotor loss --- guide vane outlet flow angle --- radial turbine --- CAES --- deadbeat control --- discrete space vector modulation --- computation efficiency --- model predictive control --- grid connected system --- three-level system --- T-type inverter --- PV diagnosis --- ESS application --- DC power flow --- DC system dynamics --- hybrid generation system --- phase-locked loop (PLL) --- synchronization --- hybrid filter --- low-cost hybrid converter --- bi-directional converter --- parallel configuration of converters --- converter for multi-MW wind generator --- offshore wind energy converter applications --- AC-DC matrix converter --- virtual space vector --- DC ripple reduction --- microgeneration --- solar energy --- photovoltaic --- crowd funding --- solid-state circuit breaker --- microgrid protection --- DC protection --- SSCB --- short-term load forecasting --- two-stage forecasting model --- combined cooling heating and power --- energy operation plan --- economic analysis --- calculation load --- iterative methods --- fault restoration --- distribution generation --- temporary fault ride-through --- voltage control --- inrush current control

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The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters.

isolated microgrid --- renewable energy source --- diesel generator --- battery energy storage system --- hierarchical control --- power systems --- floquet multiplier --- poincaré map --- time series data --- DFIG --- renewable energy --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- control strategy --- modular multilevel converter --- state-of-charge (SOC) equalization --- preliminary design --- optimization --- rotor loss --- guide vane outlet flow angle --- radial turbine --- CAES --- deadbeat control --- discrete space vector modulation --- computation efficiency --- model predictive control --- grid connected system --- three-level system --- T-type inverter --- PV diagnosis --- ESS application --- DC power flow --- DC system dynamics --- hybrid generation system --- phase-locked loop (PLL) --- synchronization --- hybrid filter --- low-cost hybrid converter --- bi-directional converter --- parallel configuration of converters --- converter for multi-MW wind generator --- offshore wind energy converter applications --- AC-DC matrix converter --- virtual space vector --- DC ripple reduction --- microgeneration --- solar energy --- photovoltaic --- crowd funding --- solid-state circuit breaker --- microgrid protection --- DC protection --- SSCB --- short-term load forecasting --- two-stage forecasting model --- combined cooling heating and power --- energy operation plan --- economic analysis --- calculation load --- iterative methods --- fault restoration --- distribution generation --- temporary fault ride-through --- voltage control --- inrush current control

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It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines.

History of engineering & technology --- core saturation --- cross-coupling inductance --- wound synchronous machines (WSM) --- signal injection --- position sensorless --- high-frequency model --- hybrid permanent magnet --- interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine --- magnet-axis-shifted --- reluctance torque --- Sensorless --- induction motors --- H_infinity --- drives --- vector control --- experimental implementation --- direct torque control --- duty cycle control --- harmonic currents --- six-phase induction motor --- torque ripple --- interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) --- sensorless control --- adaptive algorithm --- super-twisting sliding mode observer (STO) --- phase-locked loop (PLL) --- permanent-magnet vernier machine --- in-wheel direct-drive --- outer rotor --- overhang --- soft magnetic composite --- reaction sphere --- spherical motor --- structural design --- torque density optimization --- support vector machines --- finite element method --- induction motor --- smart-sensor --- stray flux --- time-frequency transforms --- wavelet entropy --- harmonic modeling method --- magnetic-geared machine --- hybrid electric vehicle --- magnetic field --- electromagnetic performance --- analytical modeling --- brushless DC motor --- commutation torque ripple --- back electromotive force --- multiphase machines --- fault-tolerance --- dual-channel --- brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) --- switched reluctance motor (SRM) --- active flux --- stator flux observation --- super-twisting sliding-mode stator flux observer (STSMFO) --- deep-bar effect --- mathematical model --- estimation --- motor drives --- direct torque control (DTC) --- permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation --- DTC with space-vector modulation (DTC-SVM) --- AFPMSM --- analytical algorithm --- vibration noise --- temperature field analysis --- SynRM --- irreversible demagnetization --- PMa-SynRM --- flux intensifying --- deadbeat current control --- PMSM servo motor drives --- auto tuning --- parameter identification --- periodic controller --- surface permanent magnet synchronous motor --- fault-tolerant system --- multi-channel --- quad-channel operation (QCO) --- triple-channel operation (TCO) --- dual-channel operation (DCO) --- single-channel operation (SCO) --- permanent magnet brushless direct current motor --- BLDCM --- double Fourier analysis --- current spectrum decomposition --- eddy current loss --- permanent magnet machine design --- cogging torque --- permanent magnet machine --- uneven magnets --- IPMSM --- uncertainty and disturbance estimator --- flux-weakening control --- double-cage induction motor --- improvement of motor reliability --- cage winding constructions --- direct start-up --- coupled electromagnetic-thermal model --- outer rotor inductor --- electric vehicle --- high-efficiency --- eco-friendly --- automation --- finite element analysis --- PMSM --- DOE --- optimization --- metamodeling --- adaptive robust control --- energy feedback --- particle swarm optimization --- torque optimal distribution method --- multiphase electric drives --- six-phase machines --- finite control set model predictive control --- predictive current control --- predictive torque control --- high frequency square-wave voltage --- interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) --- magnetic polarity detection --- rotor position estimation --- characteristics analysis --- fault detection --- stator fault --- rotor fault --- torque estimation --- finite control set mode predictive control --- duty cycle --- maximum torque per ampere --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- acoustics --- boundary element method --- electric machines --- magneto-mechanics --- modeling --- noise --- vibro-acoustics --- efficiency --- line-start synchronous reluctance motor --- permanent magnet --- power factor --- multiphase --- induction --- motor --- space harmonics --- time harmonics --- injection --- high-speed permanent synchronous motor --- magnetic field characteristic --- iron loss --- stator structure --- online parameters estimation --- permanent magnet synchronous machines --- synchronous reluctance machines --- high frequency signal injection --- CMV --- modulation techniques --- PWM --- railway traction drives --- induction motor drives --- high-speed drives --- overmodulation and six-step operation --- electrical motors --- sot filling factor --- optimization algorithm --- windings --- magnetic wire --- filling factor optimization --- electric drive --- transmission shaft --- electric transmission line --- electrical and mechanical similarities --- kinematic structure --- equivalent circuit --- mathematical modelling --- failure --- detection --- diagnosis --- BLDC --- brushless --- systematic review --- rotor position --- BLDC motor --- sensor misalignment --- sizing methodology --- electrical machines --- thermal model --- electromagnetic model --- switched reluctance motor --- torque sharing functions --- firing angle modulation --- autonomous systems --- brushless synchronous generator --- electric power generation --- high speed generator --- high resistance connection --- fault-detection --- fault-tolerant control --- six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines --- field-oriented control