Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Joseph Petzoldt was Ernst Mach’s and Richard Avenarius’ main pupil, as well as the primary source for the habit to reunite these two thinkers under the label of “empiriocriticists”. Petzoldt developed Mach’s and Avenarius’ ideas in a philosophical system aiming at overcoming the dualism and agnosticism of the Kantian approach that was typical of German scientific circles in the late 1800s. Petzoldt’s thought is based on three pillars: his radical empiricism, according to which sensory experience is not appearance but reality; the Eindeutigkeit principle, which states that all that happens is univocally determined and thus necessary; the principle of the tendency to stability, which governs the evolution of the universe, including the living organisms and the brain. On these bases, Petzoldt arrives at his “relativistic positivism”, according to which every individual experiences reality from his point of view, but – since knowledge processes are determined by the functioning of the brain – this does not preclude an objective knowledge of the world. Petzoldt was also one of the leading figures of the debate on the philosophical interpretation of Einstein’s relativity. He believed that relativity was a consequence and a confirmation of E. Mach gnoseological approach and thus of relativistic positivism. Joseph Petzoldt fu il principale allievo di Ernst Mach e Richard Avenarius, nonché la fonte primaria della consuetudine di far convergere questi due pensatori entro l’etichetta di “empiriocriticisti”. Petzoldt sviluppò le idee di Mach e Avenarius in un sistema di pensiero volto a superare il dualismo e l’agnosticismo insiti nel kantismo degli ambienti scientifici tedeschi di fine Ottocento. Il pensiero di Petzoldt si regge su tre pilastri: l’empirismo radicale, secondo cui l’esperienza sensibile non è apparenza ma realtà; il principio di Eindeutigkeit, secondo cui tutto ciò che accade è univocamente determinato, e dunque necessario; e il principio di tendenza alla stabilità, che governa l’evoluzione del cosmo, inclusi gli organismi e il cervello. Petzoldt approda così al suo “positivismo relativistico”, in base al quale ogni individuo esperisce la realtà dal proprio punto di vista, ma poiché i processi conoscitivi sono determinati necessariamente dal funzionamento del cervello, ciò non impedisce una conoscenza oggettiva del mondo. Petzoldt fu inoltre uno dei protagonisti del dibattito sull’interpretazione filosofica della relatività di Einstein, sostenendo che essa fosse una conseguenza e una conferma dell’impostazione gnoseologica di Ernst Mach e, dunque, del positivismo relativistico

xxxx --- Joseph Petzoldt --- Richard Avenarius --- Ernst Mach --- Empiriocriticism --- Relativistic positivism --- Perspectivism

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This open access book – as the title suggests – explores some of the historical roots and epistemological ramifications of perspectivism. Perspectivism has recently emerged in philosophy of science as an interesting new position in the debate between scientific realism and anti-realism. But there is a lot more to perspectivism than discussions in philosophy of science so far have suggested. Perspectivism is a much broader view that emphasizes how our knowledge (in particular our scientific knowledge of nature) is situated; it is always from a human vantage point (as opposed to some Nagelian "view from nowhere"). This edited collection brings together a diverse team of established and early career scholars across a variety of fields (from the history of philosophy to epistemology and philosophy of science). The resulting nine essays trace some of the seminal ideas of perspectivism back to Kant, Nietzsche, the American Pragmatists, and Putnam, while the second part of the book tackles issues concerning the relation between perspectivism, relativism, and standpoint theories, and the implications of perspectivism for epistemological debates about veritism, epistemic normativity and the foundations of human knowledge.

Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Philosophy of Science --- Perspectival realism --- Ernst Sosa on virtue perspectivism --- Conceptual relativism --- Standpoint epistemology --- Scientific understanding --- Explanatory perspectivism --- Putnam’s naturalism --- American Pragmatists on contextualism --- Nietzsche on perspectivism --- Kant on perspectivism --- anti-realism --- Nagelian --- Epistemic Circularity --- Putnam --- Critique of Pure Reason --- contextualism --- scientific knowledge of nature --- Carnap --- Open access

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Recent and ongoing debates in biology and the philosophy of biology reveal a widespread dissatisfaction with traditional explanatory frameworks. There are also problems with the current definitions or circumscriptions of key concepts such as gene, species, and homology, and even of whole disciplinary fields within the life sciences, e.g. developmental biology. These contrasting views are arguably a symptom of the need to revisit traditional, unchallenged partitions between the specialist disciplines within the life sciences. In the diversity of topics addressed and approaches to move beyond the current disciplinary organization, the five essays in this volume will hopefully stimulate further exploration towards an improved articulation of life sciences.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- research programs --- scientific pluralism --- taxonomic theory --- taxonomic pluralisms --- typology --- phylogenetics --- biosystematics --- numerical taxonomy --- biomorphics --- evo-devo --- nomadic concept --- nomadic discipline --- anchor concept --- anchor discipline --- life cycle --- generation --- organizational module --- species --- evolutionary developmental biology --- evolutionary extended synthesis --- theory of development --- active inference --- attention --- development --- evolution --- language --- memory --- pragmatics --- reference frames --- scale-free cognition --- self --- stigmergy --- process philosophy --- scientific perspectivism --- developmental genetics --- plant structure ontology --- homology --- land plant phylogeny --- morphological misfits --- flower --- phyllotaxis --- Utricularia --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Recent and ongoing debates in biology and the philosophy of biology reveal a widespread dissatisfaction with traditional explanatory frameworks. There are also problems with the current definitions or circumscriptions of key concepts such as gene, species, and homology, and even of whole disciplinary fields within the life sciences, e.g. developmental biology. These contrasting views are arguably a symptom of the need to revisit traditional, unchallenged partitions between the specialist disciplines within the life sciences. In the diversity of topics addressed and approaches to move beyond the current disciplinary organization, the five essays in this volume will hopefully stimulate further exploration towards an improved articulation of life sciences.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- research programs --- scientific pluralism --- taxonomic theory --- taxonomic pluralisms --- typology --- phylogenetics --- biosystematics --- numerical taxonomy --- biomorphics --- evo-devo --- nomadic concept --- nomadic discipline --- anchor concept --- anchor discipline --- life cycle --- generation --- organizational module --- species --- evolutionary developmental biology --- evolutionary extended synthesis --- theory of development --- active inference --- attention --- development --- evolution --- language --- memory --- pragmatics --- reference frames --- scale-free cognition --- self --- stigmergy --- process philosophy --- scientific perspectivism --- developmental genetics --- plant structure ontology --- homology --- land plant phylogeny --- morphological misfits --- flower --- phyllotaxis --- Utricularia

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This is an insightful, highly original ethnographic interpretation of the hunting life of the Yukaghirs, a little-known group of indigenous people in the Upper Kolyma region of northeastern Siberia. Basing his study on firsthand experience with Yukaghir hunters, Rane Willerslev focuses on the practical implications of living in a "hall-of-mirrors" world-one inhabited by humans, animals, and spirits, all of whom are understood to be endless mimetic doubles of one another. In this world human beings inhabit a betwixt-and-between state in which their souls are both substance and nonsubstance, both body and soul, both their own individual selves and reincarnated others. Hunters are thus both human and the animals they imitate, which forces them to steer a complicated course between the ability to transcend difference and the necessity of maintaining identity.

Yukaghir --- Animism --- Ethnology --- I︠U︡kagir --- Yukagir --- Arctic peoples --- Fetishism --- Mana --- Religion --- Hylozoism --- Soul --- Hunting --- Siberia (Russia) --- Social life and customs. --- #SBIB:39A10 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- Etnografie: Azië --- Youkaghir (Peuple de Sibérie) --- Animisme --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Hunting. --- Folklore. --- Chasse --- Folklore --- Sibérie (Russie) --- Social life and customs --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Yukaghir - Hunting - Russia (Federation) - Siberia --- Animism - Russia (Federation) - Siberia --- Yukaghir - Russia (Federation) - Siberia - Folklore --- Ethnology - Russia (Federation) - Siberia --- Siberia (Russia) - Social life and customs --- animals and persons. --- animals. --- animism. --- anthropology. --- body and soul. --- body soul dialects. --- ethnography. --- hall of mirrors world. --- human rebirth beliefs. --- humans. --- hunters. --- hunting life. --- identity. --- indigenous peoples. --- insightful. --- mimesis. --- native peoples. --- northeastern siberia. --- personhood. --- perspectivism. --- phenomenology. --- rebirth. --- reincarnation. --- religion and spirituality. --- shaman. --- shamanism. --- siberia. --- siberian studies. --- souls. --- species. --- spirit world. --- spirits. --- spiritual. --- upper kolyma. --- yukaghirs.