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With pore sizes up to 100 nm, the term "nanoporous" covers a wide range of material classes. A broad field of applications has arisen from the diversity of unique structures and properties of nanoporous materials. Recent research spans the range from fundamental studies of the behavior of atoms and molecules in confined space, creative synthetic pathways for novel materials, to applications in high-performance technologies. This Special Issue collects current studies about the progress in the development, characterization, and application of nanoporous materials, including (but not restricted to) mesoporous silica, carbon and metal oxides, porous coordination polymers, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as well as materials exhibiting hierarchical porosity. Their functionalities show promise for fields such as energy storage/conversion (e.g., photocatalysis and battery electrodes), sensing, catalysis, and their sorption properties for N2, CO2, NOx, or H2O, to name just a few.

History of engineering & technology --- mesoporous silica --- organocatalysis --- host-guest materials --- magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) --- nanoporous metal foam --- nanoshell --- buckling --- free vibration --- strain gradient theory --- first-order shear deformation theory --- SERS --- near-infrared --- crystal silicon photoluminescence --- porous silicon photonic crystals --- hot-spots --- mesoporous films --- direct growth --- esterification --- material formation --- porous organic polymers --- amine modification --- CO2 separation --- adsorption mechanism --- chemisorption of CO2 --- Birnessite --- nanoporous metal oxides --- impedance spectroscopy --- perovskite solar cell --- electron selective layer --- pinhole --- mesoporous TiO2 --- evaporation-induced self-assembly --- dip coating --- mesoporous silica --- organocatalysis --- host-guest materials --- magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) --- nanoporous metal foam --- nanoshell --- buckling --- free vibration --- strain gradient theory --- first-order shear deformation theory --- SERS --- near-infrared --- crystal silicon photoluminescence --- porous silicon photonic crystals --- hot-spots --- mesoporous films --- direct growth --- esterification --- material formation --- porous organic polymers --- amine modification --- CO2 separation --- adsorption mechanism --- chemisorption of CO2 --- Birnessite --- nanoporous metal oxides --- impedance spectroscopy --- perovskite solar cell --- electron selective layer --- pinhole --- mesoporous TiO2 --- evaporation-induced self-assembly --- dip coating

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The direct conversion of sunlight into electricity (photovoltaic or PV for short) is evolving rapidly, and is a technology becoming a mainstream clean energy production method. However, to compete with conventional energy production methods using fossil fuels, the conversion efficiency needs to be increased, and the manufacturing cost should be reduced further. Both of these require the improvement of solar energy materials, and the device architectures used for the conversion of light into electrical energy. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in some solar energy materials like Si, CdTe, CIGS, SnS and Perovskites), and the device structures suitable for next generation solar cells. In particular, the progress in graded bandgap multi-layer solar cells are presented in this Special Issue.

History of engineering & technology --- electroplating --- semiconductors --- large-area electronics --- characterisation --- solar cells --- perovskite solar cell --- hole blocking layer --- solution spin-coating --- TiO2/SnO2 layer --- anti-reflection coating --- potential-induced degradation --- solar cell --- plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition --- organic solar cells --- perovskite solar cells --- encapsulation --- stability --- Cu(In,Ga)Se2 --- mini-module --- numerical simulation --- P1 shunt --- space charge region (SCR) --- TCAD --- transistor effect --- electrodeposition --- CdTe film --- two-electrode configuration --- thin films --- electroplating temperature --- photovoltaic --- CdTe --- CdS --- luminescence --- spectroscopy --- CdSe --- CdTe1−xSex --- photovoltaics --- review --- tin monosulfide --- tin disulfide --- chemical solution process --- absorber --- buffer --- renewable energy --- ethlammonium --- formamidinium --- microstructure --- perovskite --- SnS/SnS2 --- CdS/CdTe --- CIGS --- silicon --- electroplating of semiconductors

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The energy transition is one of the key approaches in the effort to halt climate changes, and it has become even more essential in the light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Fostering the energy efficiency and the energy independence of the building sector is a focal aim to move towards a decarbonized society. In this context, building physics and building energy systems are fundamental disciplines based on applied physics applications in civil, architectural, and environmental engineering, including technical themes related to the planning of energy and the environment, diagnostic methods, and mitigating techniques. This Special Issue contains information on experimental studies in the following research topics: renewable energy sources, building energy analysis, rational use of energy, heat transmission, heating and cooling systems, thermofluid dynamics, smart energy systems, and energy service management in buildings.

nanocomposite photocatalyst --- environmental remediation --- selective organic transformation --- hydrogen evolution --- disinfection --- Perovskite solar cell --- PMMA --- carbon quantum dots --- down-conversion --- light harvesting --- dye-guest encapsulation --- zeolite --- microporous aluminophosphates --- one-pot synthesis --- hybrid fluorescent system --- white light emitter --- FRET --- hydrogen generation rate --- porous silicon nanopowder --- nanosilicon oxidation --- engineering of silicon nanoparticles --- van der Waals epitaxy --- Bi2Se3 --- mica --- two-dimensional materials --- optoelectronics --- transparent conductive electrode --- electrospinning --- SrTiO3 --- fibers --- photocatalytic --- water splitting --- bandgap --- hydrogen --- titanium dioxide --- photocatalysis --- photodegradation --- phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) --- polyaniline (PANI) --- protonation --- photochromism --- nanocomposite thin film --- WO3 --- nanocomposites --- heterostructures --- water-splitting --- oxygen evolution --- n/a

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With pore sizes up to 100 nm, the term "nanoporous" covers a wide range of material classes. A broad field of applications has arisen from the diversity of unique structures and properties of nanoporous materials. Recent research spans the range from fundamental studies of the behavior of atoms and molecules in confined space, creative synthetic pathways for novel materials, to applications in high-performance technologies. This Special Issue collects current studies about the progress in the development, characterization, and application of nanoporous materials, including (but not restricted to) mesoporous silica, carbon and metal oxides, porous coordination polymers, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as well as materials exhibiting hierarchical porosity. Their functionalities show promise for fields such as energy storage/conversion (e.g., photocatalysis and battery electrodes), sensing, catalysis, and their sorption properties for N2, CO2, NOx, or H2O, to name just a few.

mesoporous silica --- organocatalysis --- host–guest materials --- magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) --- nanoporous metal foam --- nanoshell --- buckling --- free vibration --- strain gradient theory --- first-order shear deformation theory --- SERS --- near-infrared --- crystal silicon photoluminescence --- porous silicon photonic crystals --- hot-spots --- mesoporous films --- direct growth --- esterification --- material formation --- porous organic polymers --- amine modification --- CO2 separation --- adsorption mechanism --- chemisorption of CO2 --- Birnessite --- nanoporous metal oxides --- impedance spectroscopy --- perovskite solar cell --- electron selective layer --- pinhole --- mesoporous TiO2 --- evaporation-induced self-assembly --- dip coating --- n/a --- host-guest materials

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The conversion and storage of renewable energy sources is key to the transition from a fossil-fuel-based economy to a low-carbon society. Many new game-changing materials have already impacted our lives and contributed to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, such as high-efficiency photovoltaic cells, blue light-emitting diodes, and cathodes for Li-ion batteries. However, new breakthroughs in materials science and technology are required to boost the clean energy transition. All success stories in materials science are built upon a tailored control of the interconnected processes that take place at the nanoscale, such as charge excitation, charge transport and recombination, ionic diffusion, intercalation, and the interfacial transfer of matter and charge. Nanostructured materials, thanks to their ultra-small building blocks and the high interface-to-volume ratio, offer a rich toolbox to scientists that aspire to improve the energy conversion efficiency or the power and energy density of a material. Furthermore, new phenomena arise in nanoparticles, such as surface plasmon resonance, superparamegntism, and exciton confinement. The ten articles published in this Special Issue showcase the different applications of nanomaterials in the field of energy storage and conversion, including electrodes for Li-ion batteries and beyond, photovoltaic materials, pyroelectric energy harvesting, and (photo)catalytic processes.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- nanoparticle --- nanoalloy --- catalyst --- CO2 reduction --- hydrocarbon --- synthetic fuel --- iron --- cobalt --- perovskite solar cell --- hole transport layer --- CuCrO2 nanoparticles --- thermal stability --- light stability --- aluminum ion batteries --- reduced graphene oxide --- tin dioxide --- 3D electrode materials --- mechanical properties --- TiO2 --- azo dye --- wastewater treatment --- photocatalysis --- sodium formate --- dry etching --- black silicon --- photovoltaics --- plasmonics --- heterogeneous catalysis --- nanoparticles --- single molecule localization --- super-resolution microscopy --- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- Li-ion batteries --- anodes --- intermetallics --- silicon --- composites --- nanomaterials --- coating --- mechanochemistry --- zinc sulfide --- wurtzite --- co-precipitation synthesis --- solvent recycling --- green synthesis --- scaling up --- pilot plant --- chalcopyrite compounds --- nanocrystals --- hydrothermal --- spin coating --- EIS --- conductivity --- lithium-ion batteries --- SnO2 --- nanoarray --- anode --- high-rate --- nanoparticle --- nanoalloy --- catalyst --- CO2 reduction --- hydrocarbon --- synthetic fuel --- iron --- cobalt --- perovskite solar cell --- hole transport layer --- CuCrO2 nanoparticles --- thermal stability --- light stability --- aluminum ion batteries --- reduced graphene oxide --- tin dioxide --- 3D electrode materials --- mechanical properties --- TiO2 --- azo dye --- wastewater treatment --- photocatalysis --- sodium formate --- dry etching --- black silicon --- photovoltaics --- plasmonics --- heterogeneous catalysis --- nanoparticles --- single molecule localization --- super-resolution microscopy --- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- Li-ion batteries --- anodes --- intermetallics --- silicon --- composites --- nanomaterials --- coating --- mechanochemistry --- zinc sulfide --- wurtzite --- co-precipitation synthesis --- solvent recycling --- green synthesis --- scaling up --- pilot plant --- chalcopyrite compounds --- nanocrystals --- hydrothermal --- spin coating --- EIS --- conductivity --- lithium-ion batteries --- SnO2 --- nanoarray --- anode --- high-rate