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The treatise De mundo offers a cosmology in the Peripatetic tradition which subordinates what happens in the cosmos to the might of an omnipotent god. Thus the work is paradigmatic for the philosophical and religious concepts of the early imperial age, which offer points of contact with nascent Christianity.

Cosmology, Ancient. --- Science, Medieval. --- Aristotle. --- De mundo (Aristotle). --- Religion --- Philosophy --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Cosmology --- Greco-Roman Philosophy --- Peripatetic Tradition --- Reception of Greek Philosophy --- Studienliteratur --- Editionen, Textausgaben --- Lehrbücher --- Antike --- Metaphysik --- Religionsphilosophie --- Antike Philosophie --- Aristoteles.

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Where does the notion of free will come from? How and when did it develop, and what did that development involve? In Michael Frede's radically new account of the history of this idea, the notion of a free will emerged from powerful assumptions about the relation between divine providence, correctness of individual choice, and self-enslavement due to incorrect choice. Anchoring his discussion in Stoicism, Frede begins with Aristotle--who, he argues, had no notion of a free will--and ends with Augustine. Frede shows that Augustine, far from originating the idea (as is often claimed), derived most of his thinking about it from the Stoicism developed by Epictetus.

Free will and determinism --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- History. --- ancient greeks. --- aristotelian philosophy. --- aristotle. --- augustine. --- christian thinkers. --- christianity. --- divine providence. --- divine will. --- divinity. --- epictetus. --- epistemology. --- free will. --- greek philosophy. --- individual choice. --- metaphysics. --- nonfiction. --- peripatetic. --- philosophy. --- plato. --- providence. --- rational choice. --- rational self interest. --- religion. --- self control. --- self enslavement. --- spirituality. --- stoic philosophy. --- stoicism. --- theory of assent. --- volition. --- will.

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Explaining the Cosmos is a major reinterpretation of Greek scientific thought before Socrates. Focusing on the scientific tradition of philosophy, Daniel Graham argues that Presocratic philosophy is not a mere patchwork of different schools and styles of thought. Rather, there is a discernible and unified Ionian tradition that dominates Presocratic debates. Graham rejects the common interpretation of the early Ionians as "material monists" and also the view of the later Ionians as desperately trying to save scientific philosophy from Parmenides' criticisms. In Graham's view, Parmenides plays a constructive role in shaping the scientific debates of the fifth century BC. Accordingly, the history of Presocratic philosophy can be seen not as a series of dialectical failures, but rather as a series of theoretical advances that led to empirical discoveries. Indeed, the Ionian tradition can be seen as the origin of the scientific conception of the world that we still hold today.

Philosophie ancienne. --- Sciences anciennes. --- Sciences --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Science, Ancient. --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Ancient science --- Science, Primitive --- Histoire. --- History. --- History --- Pre-Socratic philosophers. --- Pre-Socratics --- Presocratic philosophers --- Presocratics --- Philosophers --- Absolute (philosophy). --- Alcmaeon of Croton. --- Alexander of Aphrodisias. --- Allusion. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anaxagoras. --- Anaximander. --- Anaximenes. --- Antidosis. --- Apeiron (cosmology). --- Aristotle. --- Atomism. --- Causality. --- Chemical element. --- Chemical formula. --- Classical element. --- Coeus. --- Concept. --- Contradiction. --- Cosmogony. --- Cratylus. --- Crius. --- Cronus. --- Democritus. --- Diogenes of Apollonia. --- Dualism (philosophy of mind). --- Dualism. --- Eleatics. --- Emergence. --- Empedocles. --- Empirical evidence. --- Essence. --- Existence. --- Explanandum. --- Explanation. --- Explication. --- Fallacy. --- First principle. --- Four causes. --- Greek Philosophy. --- Hippias. --- Hypothesis. --- Ignoratio elenchi. --- Inference. --- Inquiry. --- Instance (computer science). --- Isocrates. --- Leucippus. --- Lucretius. --- Material monism. --- Meteorology. --- Monism. --- Multitude. --- Mythology. --- Natural philosophy. --- Natural science. --- On Generation and Corruption. --- On the Heavens. --- Ontology. --- Ousia. --- Parmenides. --- Peripatetic school. --- Phenomenon. --- Philolaus. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophical theory. --- Philosophy. --- Pre-Socratic philosophy. --- Premise. --- Principle. --- Process philosophy. --- Prose. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Quantity. --- Rarefaction. --- Reality. --- Reason. --- Science. --- Scientific method. --- Scientist. --- Sophist. --- Substance theory. --- Teleology. --- Test theory. --- The Philosopher. --- Theogony. --- Theophrastus. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory of Forms. --- Theory of change. --- Theory. --- Thomas Kuhn. --- Thought. --- Timaeus (dialogue). --- Trace Amounts. --- Treatise. --- Unity of opposites. --- World view. --- Xenophanes.