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Some of the most exciting scientific developments in recent years have come not from theoretical physicists, astronomers, or molecular biologists but instead from the chemistry lab. Chemists have created superconducting ceramics for brain scanners, designed liquid crystal flat screens for televisions and watch displays, and made fabrics that change color while you wear them. They have fashioned metals from plastics, drugs from crude oil, and have pinpointed the chemical pollutants affecting our atmosphere and are now searching for remedies for the imperiled planet. Philip Ball, an editor for the prestigious magazine Nature, lets the lay reader into the world of modern chemistry. Here, for example, chemists find new uses for the improbable buckminsterfullerene molecules--60-atom carbon soccerballs, dubbed "buckyballs"--which seem to have applications for everything from lubrication to medicine to electronics. The book is not intended as an introduction to chemistry, but as an accessible survey of recent developments throughout many of the major fields allied with chemistry: from research in traditional areas such as crystallography and spectroscopy to entirely new fields of study such as molecular electronics, artificial enzymes, and "smart" polymer gels. Ball's grand tour along the leading edge of scientific discovery will appeal to all curious readers, with or without any scientific training, to chemistry students looking for future careers, and to practicing chemical researchers looking for information on other specialties within their discipline.

Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- DNA. --- Heeger, Alan. --- Jerome, Denis. --- acetic acid. --- adenine. --- alkali metals. --- aluminum. --- ammonia. --- antibonding orbitals. --- autocatalysis. --- azobenzene. --- bacteria. --- bilayers. --- biogeochemical cycles. --- carbohydrates. --- carbon dioxide. --- clusters. --- copper. --- diamond. --- electron. --- enantiomers. --- enzymes. --- formaldehyde. --- fractals. --- global warming. --- greenhouse effect. --- hydrocarbons. --- hydrogen bonding. --- infrared radiation. --- interstellar molecules. --- irrational numbers. --- lattice. --- liquid crystals. --- malonic acid. --- metabolism. --- methane. --- nitrogen. --- nucleotides. --- optoelectronics. --- peptide bond. --- phase transitions. --- polarized light. --- potassium. --- quantum mechanics. --- replication. --- semiconductors.

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Adequate quality of life and well-being of modern societies is only achievable with sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste, and avoid the use of hazardous materials. All this is hardly conceivable without catalysis. In a world concerned with the exploitation of natural resources, catalysis can offer direct synthesis routes that maximize resource efficiency. The Iberoamerican society is far too significant and far too involved in global development, owing to its natural richness of resources, not to have an essential role in current developments and future directions. Catalysis, in the Iberoamerican academic and industrial communities, is recognized as a relevant scientific discipline that supports several strategic industrial sectors through the manufacturing of products and materials, and the operationalization of processes to produce energy and other utilities. As a reflection of this, once every two years the Iberoamerican Congress on Catalysis takes place to share and discuss the state-of-the-art of this discipline with the Federation of Iberoamerican Catalysis Societies. This book collected sixteen outstanding contributions, stemming from this exceptional event—one which will undoubtedly mark a turning point and could be a source of inspiration to all those involved in catalysis, particularly the young generation of competent researchers taking their first steps in this incredibly complex and beautiful discipline.

hydrodeoxygenation --- fast-pyrolysis bio-oil --- nickel catalyst --- upgrading --- peptide bond --- phthalonitriles --- phthalocyanines --- aminocarbonylation --- palladium catalysts --- castor oil --- biofuel --- selective transesterification --- ecodiesel --- biodiesel --- diesel engine --- electricity generator --- smoke opacity --- Bacharach opacity --- aldol condensation --- biomass valorization --- Mg/Al mixed oxides --- surfactant --- microwaves --- influence of water --- FAEEs --- mixed biocatalysts --- lipases --- microalgae --- silver nanoparticles --- zirconia --- hydrocarbons --- diesel soot --- catalytic combustion --- boronic esters --- borylation --- Suzuki–Miyaura --- layered double hydroxides --- copper --- palladium --- Fe/Nb2O5 immobilized catalyst --- emerging pollutants --- degradation --- hydrodesulfurization --- CoMo/Al2O3 --- basic additive --- lanthanum --- MCM-41 --- cerium --- benzyl alcohol --- oxidation --- benzaldehyde --- etherification --- glycerol --- tert-butyl alcohol --- dibutyl ether --- A-15 --- catalyst stability --- Cobalt ferrite --- ethylesters --- biofuels --- hydrotalcite --- transesterification --- fast pyrolysis --- SAPO-5 --- Al-MCM-41 --- dodecanoic acid --- photocatalysis --- Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides --- coprecipitation --- chlorophenols --- mixed oxides --- elimination --- phenol --- Al2O3-TiO2 --- CoMo --- CoMoS --- MoS2 --- desulfurization --- chemisorption --- MPI silica --- Ag nanoparticles --- XPS assessment --- n/a --- Suzuki-Miyaura

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The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.

N-heterocyclic carbene --- non planar amide --- ruthenium (Ru) --- physical organic chemistry --- gemcitabine prodrug --- pyramidal amides --- bridged sultams --- catalysis --- dipeptides --- N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide --- C-N ? bond cleavage --- steric effects --- peptide bond cleavage --- transition-metal-free --- palladium --- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) --- addition reaction --- C–O activation --- rhodium --- metal complexes --- carbanions --- thioamidation --- amide bond --- intramolecular catalysis --- antiviral activity --- additivity principle --- pre-catalysts --- C–N bond cleavage --- bridged lactams --- C–H acidity --- arynes --- twisted amides --- organic synthesis --- amination --- Suzuki-Miyaura --- tert-butyl --- cyclopentadienyl complexes --- C-S formation --- enzymes --- DFT study --- sulfonamide bond --- N --- HERON reaction --- primaquine --- entropy --- amide activation --- amidation --- synthesis --- amide hydrolysis --- carbonylicity --- amide bond activation --- amide bond resonance --- aminosulfonylation --- molecular dynamics --- model compound --- in situ --- amide --- homogeneous catalysis --- heterocycles --- anomeric effect --- multi-component coupling reaction --- kinetic --- excited state --- C–H bond cleavage --- palladium catalysis --- amides --- thiourea --- formylation --- alkynes --- cis/trans isomerization --- amide C–N bond activation --- intein --- C-H functionalization --- succindiamide --- amide bonds --- crown ether --- aminoacylation --- directing groups --- cytostatic activity --- reaction thermodynamics --- acyl transfer --- transition metals --- N-dimethylformamide --- DMAc --- acylative cross-coupling --- C-H/C-N activation --- nickel catalysis --- antibacterial screening --- sodium --- aryl thioamides --- Winkler-Dunitz parameters --- catalyst --- N-dimethylacetamide --- base-catalyed hydrolysis --- nitrogen heterocycles --- cross-coupling --- insertion --- amidicity --- nitro-aci tautomerism --- activation --- carbonylation --- transamidation --- amine --- distortion --- Pd-catalysis --- rotational barrier energy --- hypersensitivity --- N–C activation --- metabolic stability --- [2+2+2] annulation --- twisted amide --- protease --- cyanation --- amide resonance --- trialkylborane --- catalysts --- biofilm eradication --- pharmacokinetics --- pancreatic cancer cells --- DMF --- aryl esters --- Michael acceptor --- fumardiamide --- water solvation --- ester bond activation --- cyclization --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- secondary amides --- reaction mechanism --- density functional theory --- density-functional theory --- amino acid transporters