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Materials play a very important role in the technological development of a society. As a consequence, the continuous demand for more advanced and sophisticated applications is closely linked to the availability of innovative materials. Although aspects related to the study, the synthesis and the applications of materials are of interdisciplinary interest, in the last few years, great attention has been paid to the development of advanced materials for environmental preservation and sustainable energy technologies, such as gaseous pollutant monitoring, waste water treatment, catalysis, carbon dioxide valorization, green fuel production, energy saving, water adsorption and clean technologies. This Special Issue aims at covering the current design, synthesis and characterization of innovative advanced materials, as well as novel nanotechnologies able to offer promising solutions to the these pressing themes.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- anaerobic digestion --- anchovies --- biorefinery --- circular economy --- d-limonene --- granular activated carbon --- inhibition --- orange peel waste (OPW) --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) --- furfural (FU) --- levulinic acid (LA) --- nanomaterials --- MOS --- resistive sensor --- tin oxide --- fermentation --- diacetyl --- lithium chloride hydrate --- composite foam --- deliquescence --- thermochemical storage --- in situ characterization --- ionic liquids --- heat storage --- thermal stability --- HRMAS NMR --- FTIR --- zinc oxide --- gas sensor --- hexanal --- 1-pentanol --- 1-octen-3-ol --- MOX --- plasmonic nanoparticles --- silicon solar cell --- graphene --- short-circuit current density --- open-circuit voltage --- power conversion efficiency --- n/a

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In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.

nanospheroids --- zinc-doped CaO --- natural triglycerides --- aminolysis --- heterogeneous catalyst --- recyclability --- catalyst --- sodium hydroxide --- fatty acid methyl ester --- central composite rotatable design --- operational conditions --- aerated irrigation --- soil enzyme activity --- soil microbial biomass --- soil respiration --- bio-derived phenol --- Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 --- in-situ hydrodeoxygenation --- cyclohexane --- hydrogenolysis --- biomass --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid --- aerobic oxidation --- metal catalysts --- acid catalysis --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- esterification --- fatty acid --- methanolysis --- molybdenum oxide --- transesterification --- vegetable oil --- fatty acid methyl esters --- 2-ethyl-1-hexanol --- 1-heptanol --- 4-methyl-2-pentanol --- viscosity --- flash and combustion points --- methyl oleate --- methyl ricinoleate --- cellulase --- cellulose --- paper sludge --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- synergism --- furfural --- carbon-supported catalyst --- xylose conversion --- iron --- heterogeneous catalysts --- thermoset polymer --- epoxy --- cellulose nanofiber --- curing characteristics --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- RSM --- numerical optimization --- keratinase --- feather --- Bacillus sp. --- amino acids --- n/a

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The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas --- ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas

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The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.

ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas --- n/a