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Remotely sensed geophysical datasets are being produced at increasingly fast rates to monitor various aspects of the Earth system in a rapidly changing world. The efficient and innovative use of these datasets to understand hydrological processes in various climatic and vegetation regimes under anthropogenic impacts has become an important challenge, but with a wide range of research opportunities. The ten contributions in this Special Issue have addressed the following four research topics: (1) Evapotranspiration estimation; (2) rainfall monitoring and prediction; (3) flood simulations and predictions; and (4) monitoring of ecohydrological processes using remote sensing techniques. Moreover, the authors have provided broader discussions on how to capitalize on state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques to improve hydrological model simulations and predictions, to enhance their skills in reproducing processes for the fast-changing world.

rainfall monitoring --- remote sensing --- rain rate estimation --- 5G --- millimeter-wave --- E-band --- LOS-MIMO --- UAV remote sensing --- Ephemeral rivers --- flood peak discharge --- incipient motion --- arid ungauged regions --- flash flood --- Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement --- Rainfall Triggering Index --- Yunnan --- ecological water transfer --- wetland vegetation ecosystem --- surface and groundwater interaction --- northwestern China --- WRF-3DVar data assimilation --- coupled atmospheric-hydrologic system --- rainfall-runoff prediction --- lumped Hebei model --- grid-based Hebei model --- WRF-Hydro modeling system --- evapotranspiration --- model --- SWAT --- calibration --- regression --- Sierra Nevada --- flux tower --- water limitation --- vapor pressure deficit --- double-mass analysis --- coefficient of variability --- seasonal ARIMA --- MK-S trend analysis --- evaporation --- LAI --- NDVI --- urban ecosystem --- sponge city --- PML-V2 --- Penman–Monteith equation --- Sentinel-2 --- assimilation frequency --- data assimilation --- WRF-3DAVR --- radar reflectivity --- rainfall forecast --- urban flood --- design rainfall --- ungauged drainage basin --- RainyDay --- IDF formula --- hydrological prediction --- climate change --- land use change

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This book on the sustainable use of soils and water addressed a variety of issues related to the utopian desire for environmental sustainability and the deviations from this scene observed in the real world. Competing interests for land are frequently a factor in land degradation, especially where the adopted land uses do not conform with the land capability (the natural use of soil). The concerns of researchers about these matters are presented in the articles comprising this Special Issue book. Various approaches were used to assess the (im)balance between economic profit and environmental conservation in various regions, in addition to potential routes to bring landscapes back to a sustainable status being disclosed.

environmental and economic changes --- overexploitation --- stream flow downscaling --- Recharge --- Institutions --- evaluation --- geo hazards --- marginal land resources --- water resources --- contributions --- land use change --- comprehensive land carrying capacity --- land eco-security --- scale effects --- river basin --- Ghana --- urbanization --- groundwater recharge --- MicroLEIS DSS --- multiple stresses --- forest --- land use conflicts --- soil --- analytic hierarchy process --- heavy metal pollution assessment --- recharge --- environmental degradation --- spatial variation --- debris flow waste-shoal land --- Lankao county --- encounters of interests --- territorial development --- driving forces analysis --- land use policy --- climate conditions --- time series analysis --- arable soil --- urban area --- multi-criterion comprehensive evaluation --- Land Use --- agricultural and livestock products --- evapotranspiration --- hydrological processes --- Trnava district --- macromodel DNS/SWAT --- central Asia --- CA-Markov --- integrative landscape management --- Land use change --- land use and transformation --- weight --- Contemporary Yellow River Delta --- conjunctive water resources management --- set pair theory --- sustainability --- karst aquifer --- withdrawal of agricultural land --- sustainable development --- SWAT --- water resource management --- water footprint --- land-use planning --- Ecosystem service value --- Penman–Monteith equation --- cloud model --- groundwater flow field --- standard deviation --- temporal stability --- landscape as geosystem --- Gross Domestic Product --- geology --- territorial factors --- agriculture --- multi-dimension --- Groundwater --- conflicts --- Green GDP --- temporal-spatial variations --- relief --- recharge zones --- groundwater depth --- Nitrate Vulnerable Zones --- hydrologic modeling --- Managed Aquifer --- soil reclamation --- nitrogen --- discrete wavelet transform --- legislative factors --- developmental factors --- ungauged catchment --- rural households’ behaviors --- arid region --- land use/cover change --- spatialization --- sustainable agriculture

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Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publication of the results, among others.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- geographic information system (GIS) --- pocket beaches --- coastal management --- Interreg --- climate change --- remote sensing --- drone --- Sicily --- Malta --- Gozo --- Comino --- systematic literature review --- anomaly intrusion detection --- deep learning --- IoT --- resource constraint --- IDS --- evapotranspiration --- penman-monteith equation --- artificial neural network --- canopy conductance --- Ziz basin --- water quality --- satellite image analysis --- modeling approach --- nitrate --- dissolved oxygen --- chlorophyll a --- time series analysis --- environmental monitoring --- water extraction --- modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) --- machine learning algorithm --- hyperspectral --- proximal sensing --- panicle initiation --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- green ring --- internode-elongation --- Sentinel 1 and 2 --- Copernicus Sentinels --- crop classification --- food security --- agricultural monitoring --- data analysis --- SAR --- random forest --- 3D bale wrapping method --- equal bale dimensions --- mathematical model --- minimal film consumption --- optimal bale dimensions --- round bales --- Sentinel-2 --- SVM --- RF --- Boufakrane River watershed --- irrigation requirements --- water resources --- sustainable land use --- agriculture --- invasive plants --- precision agriculture --- rice farming --- site-specific weed management --- nitrogen prediction --- 1D convolution neural networks --- cucumber --- crop yield improvement --- mango leaf --- CCA --- vein pattern --- leaf disease --- cubic SVM --- chlorophyll-a concentration --- transfer learning --- overfitting --- data augmentation --- guava disease --- plant disease detection --- crops diseases --- entropy --- features fusion --- machine learning --- object-based classification --- density estimation --- histogram --- land use --- crop fields --- soil tillage --- data fusion --- multispectral --- sensor --- probe --- temperature profile --- forest roads --- simulation --- autonomous robots --- smart agriculture --- environmental protection --- photogrammetry --- path planning --- internet of things --- modeling --- convolutional neural networks --- machine vision --- computer vision --- modular robot --- selective spraying --- vision-based crop and weed detection --- Faster R-CNN --- YOLOv5 --- band selection --- CNN --- NDVI --- hyperspectral imaging --- crops --- urban flood --- Sentinel-1a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- 3D Convolutional Neural Network --- multi-temporal data --- land use classification --- GIS --- Coatzacoalcos --- algorithms --- clustering --- pest control --- site-specific --- virtual pests --- rice plant --- weed --- hyperspectral imagery --- sustainable agriculture --- green technologies --- Internet of Things --- natural resources --- sustainable environment --- IoT ecosystem --- hyperspectral remoting sensing --- crop mapping --- image classification --- deep transfer learning --- hyperparameter optimization --- metaheuristic --- soil attribute --- ordinary Kriging --- rational sampling numbers --- spatial heterogeneity --- sampling --- soil pH --- spatial variation --- ordinary kriging --- Land Use/Land Cover --- LISS-III --- Landsat --- Vision Transformer --- Bidirectional long-short term memory --- Google Earth Engine --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence