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The World Bank's historical engagement in transboundary water in West Africa is at a turning point, at a time when the G5 Sahel region faces unprecedented challenges. Therefore, it is time for the World Bank to broaden its water sector approach in the G5 Sahel and shift its focus to establishing a regional water security framework. The dual objectives of this report on the G5 Sahel region are to: (i) do a high-level analysis of water security challenges and their impacts on regional socio-economic development and stability, and (ii) suggest directions for future World Bank engagement on regional water security. The focus of this note is more exclusively on regional water challenges and local challenges with cross-border or even regional spillover effects. The report takes a development-driven approach to: (i) identify some of the ways in which water security affects socio-economic development in the G5 Sahel, (ii) explore the linkages between water security, resilience and conflict prevention, and (iii) present a set of guiding principles for the next regional engagements on water security in the region, both in terms of types of investment and implementation modalities. This report will also serve as a basis for deepening the dialogue with counterparts in the next fiscal year.

Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Environment --- Irrigation and Drainage --- Livestock and Animal Husbandry --- Pastoralists --- Water Economics --- Water Policy and Governance --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management --- Water Security --- Water Supply

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Focuses on pastoralism, politics, policies and development in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. It is based on anthropological field research over a period of thirty-four years and attempts a synthesis of historical findings and political anthropology, including studies carried out from a perspective of development intervention. Presenting a detailed ethnographic view of recent events of ethnic violence in Kenya, the authors analyse how local patterns of conflict among pastoralists were influenced by both national and regional politics, which have encouraged an increased tendency of territorialized ethnicity. The authors then discuss ways of getting out of the ethnic trap and revitalizing a mobile livestock economy in a region where other forms of land use are impossible or much less effective. A companion volume to Islam and Ethnicity in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia, it will be of particular interest to political anthropologists, students of nomadism, pastoral economy ecology, and globalization. Gu̘nther Schlee is director of the Department of 'Integration and Conflict', Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany; Abdullahi Shongolo is an independent scholar based in Kenya.

Pastoral systems --- Herding systems --- Pastoralism --- Animal culture --- Livestock systems --- Herders --- Herding --- Kenya --- Ethiopia --- Politics and government. --- Ethnic conflict --- Politics and government --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Ethnic relations --- Social conflict --- Anthropological research. --- Conflict. --- Development. --- Ethnic Violence. --- Ethnic territories. --- Globalization. --- Livestock economy. --- Nomadism. --- Northern Kenya. --- Pastoralism. --- Pastoralists. --- Policies. --- Politics. --- Reversing trends. --- Southern Ethiopia. --- Territorialized ethnicity.

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Dzud is the Mongolian term for a winter weather disaster in which deep snow, severe cold, or other conditions render forage unavailable or inaccessible and lead to high livestock mortality. Dzud is a regular occurrence in Mongolia, and plays an important role in regulating livestock populations. However, dzud, especially when combined with other environmental or socio-economic stresses and changes, can have a significant impact on household well-being as well as local and national economies. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by conducting in-depth case studies of four communities responses to the 2009-2010 dzud to document both household-and community-level impacts and responses. The case studies use a mixed-methods approach employing qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques including interviews, focus groups, household questionnaires, photovoice and document review, and were carried out in two soums (districts) located in the forest-steppe zone of Arkhangai Aimag (province), Ikhtamir and Undur Ulaan, and two soums in the Gobi desert-steppe zone of Bayankhongor Aimag, Jinst and Bayantsagaan. The specific objectives of this study are to assess herder household and community vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and medium-term recovery and resilience from the dzud of 2010.

Access to Information --- Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Capacity Building --- Civil Society Organizations --- Climate Change --- Development Policy --- Drought Management --- Food Security --- Grasslands --- Herders --- Household Surveys --- Human Capital --- Livestock --- Livestock & animal Husbandry --- Livestock Insurance --- Living Standards --- Market Economy --- Marketing --- Migration --- Mortality --- Natural Disasters --- Natural Resources --- Nutrition --- Pastoralists --- Pastures --- Precipitation --- Private Sector --- Respect --- Rural Development --- Rural Population --- Social Development --- Technical Assistance --- Urban Areas --- Water Resources

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This richly drawn ethnography of Samburu cattle herders in northern Kenya examines the effects of an epochal shift in their basic diet-from a regimen of milk, meat, and blood to one of purchased agricultural products. In his innovative analysis, Jon Holtzman uses food as a way to contextualize and measure the profound changes occurring in Samburu social and material life. He shows that if Samburu reaction to the new foods is primarily negative-they are referred to disparagingly as "gray food" and "government food"-it is also deeply ambivalent. For example, the Samburu attribute a host of social maladies to these dietary changes, including selfishness and moral decay. Yet because the new foods save lives during famines, the same individuals also talk of the triumph of reason over an antiquated culture and speak enthusiastically of a better life where there is less struggle to find food. Through detailed analysis of a range of food-centered arenas, Uncertain Tastes argues that the experience of food itself-symbolic, sensuous, social, and material-is intrinsically characterized by multiple and frequently conflicting layers.

Samburu (African people) --- Food habits --- Food preferences --- Food --- Culture conflict --- Social change --- Food. --- Domestic animals. --- Social conditions. --- Symbolic aspects --- Samburu District (Kenya) --- Economic conditions. --- african culture. --- agricultural products. --- agriculture. --- anthropology. --- basic diet. --- blood. --- cattle. --- cultural studies. --- eating. --- ethnography. --- famines. --- food. --- gastronomy. --- government food. --- gray food. --- kenya. --- kenyan culture. --- loikop. --- lokop. --- meat. --- milk. --- moral decay. --- nilotic people. --- north central kenya. --- northern kenya. --- pastoralists. --- samburu cattle herders. --- samburu culture. --- samburu material life. --- samburu social life. --- samburu tribe. --- samburu. --- selfishness. --- semi nomadic. --- struggle for food.

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Touching on issues of power, authority, and domination, Manhunts takes an in-depth look at the hunting of humans in the West, from ancient Sparta, through the Middle Ages, to the modern practices of chasing undocumented migrants. Incorporating historical events and philosophical reflection, Grégoire Chamayou examines the systematic and organized search for individuals and small groups on the run because they have defied authority, committed crimes, seemed dangerous simply for existing, or been categorized as subhuman or dispensable. Chamayou begins in ancient Greece, where young Spartans hunted and killed Helots (Sparta's serfs) as an initiation rite, and where Aristotle and other philosophers helped to justify raids to capture and enslave foreigners by creating the concept of natural slaves. He discusses the hunt for heretics in the Middle Ages; New World natives in the early modern period; vagrants, Jews, criminals, and runaway slaves in other eras; and illegal immigrants today. Exploring evolving ideas about the human and the subhuman, what we owe to enemies and people on the margins of society, and the supposed legitimacy of domination, Chamayou shows that the hunting of humans should not be treated ahistorically, and that manhunting has varied as widely in its justifications and aims as in its practices. He investigates the psychology of manhunting, noting that many people, from bounty hunters to Balzac, have written about the thrill of hunting when the prey is equally intelligent and cunning. An unconventional history on an unconventional subject, Manhunts is an in-depth consideration of the dynamics of an age-old form of violence.

Lynching. --- Minorities --- Hunting --- Violence --- Chase, The --- Field sports --- Gunning --- Harvesting (Hunting) --- Hunting for sport --- Hunting, Primitive --- Recreational hunting --- Sport hunting --- Wildlife-related recreation --- Safaris --- Trapping --- Crimes against minorities --- Minority victims of crime --- Homicide --- Crimes against. --- Philosophy. --- African slavery. --- Africans. --- American Indians. --- Christian pastoralism. --- Greeks. --- Indian hunting. --- Jews. --- New World. --- Nimrod. --- Ren Girard. --- Western capitalism. --- acquisition hunts. --- acquisition. --- ancient Greece. --- anti-Semitism. --- authority. --- begging. --- blacks. --- capture. --- collective mobilization. --- conquest. --- cynegetic power. --- cynegetic powers. --- domination. --- enslavement. --- exclusion. --- extermination hunts. --- foreign workers. --- foreigners. --- heretics. --- hunted. --- hunter. --- hunting. --- illegal aliens. --- immigrant workers. --- internment. --- interpredation. --- legal exclusion. --- legal protection. --- lynching. --- manhunting. --- manhunts. --- marginal society. --- master. --- modern slavery. --- pack hunting. --- pastoral hunting. --- pastoral hunts. --- pastoralists. --- persecution. --- police. --- policing. --- political status. --- political thought. --- poor. --- poverty. --- power. --- predator. --- predatory power. --- prey. --- protectionism. --- protective power. --- pursuit. --- racist violence. --- right-wing movements. --- sexist violence. --- slave labor. --- slave. --- slavery. --- state power. --- stateless people. --- subhuman. --- tracking. --- violence. --- xenophobia. --- xenophobic violence. --- Noncitizens. --- Aliens --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Anti-lynching movements