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The utilisation of the C4 streams of steamcrackers by converting raffinate II to maleic anhydride was studied. The oxidation reactions were investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor to determine reaction kinetics. The effects of pore diffusional resistance were investigated and explained. A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous reactor model was used for the simulation of a production-scale fixed-bed reactor. A flow scheme of the reactor section including a recycle was proposed.
Reaction Kinetics --- Partial Oxidation --- Raffinate II --- Reactor Simulation --- Maleic Anhydride
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This reprint of “Metal Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Green Applications” collects recent works of researchers on metal nanoparticles as catalysts for green applications. All works deal with designing chemical products and processes that generate and use less (or preferably no) hazardous substances by applying the principles of green chemistry. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different applications involved, ranging from pure chemistry to material science, from chemical engineering to physical chemistry, in this reprint there are common characteristics connecting the areas together, and they can be described by two words: sustainability and catalysis.
Technology: general issues --- acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation --- acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation
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This reprint of “Metal Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Green Applications” collects recent works of researchers on metal nanoparticles as catalysts for green applications. All works deal with designing chemical products and processes that generate and use less (or preferably no) hazardous substances by applying the principles of green chemistry. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different applications involved, ranging from pure chemistry to material science, from chemical engineering to physical chemistry, in this reprint there are common characteristics connecting the areas together, and they can be described by two words: sustainability and catalysis.
Technology: general issues --- acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal–organic framework --- bimetallic metal–organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation --- n/a --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks
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This reprint of “Metal Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Green Applications” collects recent works of researchers on metal nanoparticles as catalysts for green applications. All works deal with designing chemical products and processes that generate and use less (or preferably no) hazardous substances by applying the principles of green chemistry. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different applications involved, ranging from pure chemistry to material science, from chemical engineering to physical chemistry, in this reprint there are common characteristics connecting the areas together, and they can be described by two words: sustainability and catalysis.
acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal–organic framework --- bimetallic metal–organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation --- n/a --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks
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Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of “zero SO2 emission”.This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical–chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst.This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.
hydrogen sulfide --- biocoal --- livestock manure --- agricultural safety --- fertilizer --- waste management --- air pollution --- odor --- kinetics --- Gompertz model --- phosphine --- manganese slag --- metal ions --- reaction mechanism --- mesoporous N-doped carbon coating --- silicon carbide composites --- gas-tail desulfurization treatment --- BTX contaminants --- elemental sulfur --- chicken eggshell --- waste valorization --- adsorption --- biogas --- flue gas --- polyoxometalate --- dicationic ionic liquids --- extraction --- oxidative desulfurization --- dibenzothiophene --- adsorbent --- purification --- H2S removal --- response surface methodology (RSM) --- H2S selective partial oxidation --- sulfur --- sulfur dioxide --- vanadium-based catalysts --- hydrochar --- mixed metal oxides --- H2S conversion --- n/a --- gas purification --- direct catalytic oxidation --- fluidized catalyst bed --- hydrogen sulfide removal facilities
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Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of “zero SO2 emission”.This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical–chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst.This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.
Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- hydrogen sulfide --- biocoal --- livestock manure --- agricultural safety --- fertilizer --- waste management --- air pollution --- odor --- kinetics --- Gompertz model --- phosphine --- manganese slag --- metal ions --- reaction mechanism --- mesoporous N-doped carbon coating --- silicon carbide composites --- gas-tail desulfurization treatment --- BTX contaminants --- elemental sulfur --- chicken eggshell --- waste valorization --- adsorption --- biogas --- flue gas --- polyoxometalate --- dicationic ionic liquids --- extraction --- oxidative desulfurization --- dibenzothiophene --- adsorbent --- purification --- H2S removal --- response surface methodology (RSM) --- H2S selective partial oxidation --- sulfur --- sulfur dioxide --- vanadium-based catalysts --- hydrochar --- mixed metal oxides --- H2S conversion --- gas purification --- direct catalytic oxidation --- fluidized catalyst bed --- hydrogen sulfide removal facilities --- hydrogen sulfide --- biocoal --- livestock manure --- agricultural safety --- fertilizer --- waste management --- air pollution --- odor --- kinetics --- Gompertz model --- phosphine --- manganese slag --- metal ions --- reaction mechanism --- mesoporous N-doped carbon coating --- silicon carbide composites --- gas-tail desulfurization treatment --- BTX contaminants --- elemental sulfur --- chicken eggshell --- waste valorization --- adsorption --- biogas --- flue gas --- polyoxometalate --- dicationic ionic liquids --- extraction --- oxidative desulfurization --- dibenzothiophene --- adsorbent --- purification --- H2S removal --- response surface methodology (RSM) --- H2S selective partial oxidation --- sulfur --- sulfur dioxide --- vanadium-based catalysts --- hydrochar --- mixed metal oxides --- H2S conversion --- gas purification --- direct catalytic oxidation --- fluidized catalyst bed --- hydrogen sulfide removal facilities
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