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This book provides a technical overview of low-cost parabolic trough collector (PTCs) prototypes for low-temperature heat demand. It begins with a comprehensive but concise summary of the state-of-the-art in PTCs, and presents a detailed mathematical model of such systems. Subsequent chapters describe the construction and materials used in the manufacture of PTC prototypes, and offers technical solutions to overcome design problems. Finally, it provides an accessible guide to the standards used to test and evaluate the performance of PTCs. Offering a valuable resource to engineering researchers and practitioners, it is also suitable for students of solar thermal systems, renewable energy and applied physics.

Mechanical Engineering - General --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Power (Mechanics) --- Parabolic troughs. --- Parabolic trough collectors --- Troughs, Parabolic --- Energy --- Solar collectors --- Mechanics --- Renewable energy sources. --- Engineering. --- Computer aided design. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Energy Systems. --- Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- CAD (Computer-aided design) --- Computer-assisted design --- Computer-aided engineering --- Design --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Renewable energy resources. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Energy systems. --- Computer-aided engineering. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- CAE --- Engineering --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Mathematics --- Data processing

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The increasing share of renewable energy sources is drawing attention to a critical challenge. The availability of wind turbines and photovoltaic solar cells is limited and difficult to predict. They usually provide a fluctuating feed-in to the grid, so energy reserves, e.g., conventional thermal power plants or energy storage systems, are necessary to establish a balance between electricity supply and demand. Various solutions can be adopted to maintain the security of supply and improve the flexibility of the future power system, such as improving the efficiency of technical processes in areas such as thermal power plants, cement and metallurgy industries, the use of advanced thermochemical conversion technologies such as gasification, the expansion of high-voltage transmission infrastructure, the promoting of renewable energy sources, the employment of large-scale energy storage systems, and the use of highly flexible power generation units with carbon capture and utilisation, such as combined-cycle power plants. Given this background, this Special Issue contains fundamental scientific studies on the latest research progress in the development and optimisation of gasification processes, renewable energy source “solar energy”, synthesis of new hybrid nanocomposites and nanofluids, carbon capture, and energy storage systems. Special Issue Editors Falah Alobaid Jochen Ströhle

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- gasification --- sewage sludge --- syngas --- sulfur --- tar --- ammonia --- biofuel --- synthesis stoichiometry --- operation parameters --- nutrient recovery --- circular economy --- plastics --- waste blends --- thermogravimetric analysis --- pyrolysis --- thermo-economic --- aqua-ammonia --- lithium bromide-water --- absorption systems --- design --- solar collectors --- steam gasification --- biomass --- bubbling fluidized bed --- Aspen Plus simulation --- hydrogen production --- devolatilization --- biomass pretreatments --- wheat straw pellets --- gas yield --- carbon conversion --- fluidized bed --- dynamic simulation --- parabolic trough power plant --- control circuit --- solar field --- thermal storage system --- chemical looping gasification --- carbon dioxide capture --- oxygen carriers --- APROS --- operation strategy --- comparative study --- CO2 capture --- CO2 absorption --- liquid holdup --- pressure drop --- clear liquid height --- froth height --- experimental study --- stand-alone system --- molten salt --- combined cycle plants --- MgO-DW nanofluid --- two-step technique --- co-precipitation --- XRD and SEM --- thermal conductivity --- dynamic viscosity --- nanofluid --- absorption --- improvement --- solvent --- shape memory alloys --- Ni-Ti-Ag --- casting --- VAR furnace --- microstructure --- XRD --- mechanical properties --- hybrid nano-composites --- powder metallurgy --- Fe2O3 --- Ag --- wear --- heat transfer enhancement --- binary basket–twisted strip inserts --- friction characteristics --- thermal performance characteristics --- turbulent flow --- n/a --- binary basket-twisted strip inserts

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Energy Systems Engineering is one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in engineering. Modeling and simulation plays a key role in Energy Systems Engineering because it is the primary basis on which energy system design, control, optimization, and analysis are based. This book contains a specially curated collection of recent research articles on the modeling and simulation of energy systems written by top experts around the world from universities and research labs, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, University of Technology Sydney, McMaster University, Queens University, Purdue University, the University of Connecticut, Technical University of Denmark, the University of Toronto, Technische Universität Berlin, Texas A&M, the University of Pennsylvania, and many more. The key research themes covered include energy systems design, control systems, flexible operations, operational strategies, and systems analysis. The addressed areas of application include electric power generation, refrigeration cycles, natural gas liquefaction, shale gas treatment, concentrated solar power, waste-to-energy systems, micro-gas turbines, carbon dioxide capture systems, energy storage, petroleum refinery unit operations, Brayton cycles, to name but a few.

FCMP --- modeling and simulation --- multiphase equilibrium --- modeling --- polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) --- dynamic simulation --- simulation --- multi-scale systems engineering --- process simulation --- cycling --- time-delay --- exergy loss --- gas path analysis --- oil and gas --- solar PV --- optimization --- second law efficiency --- auto thermal reformer --- friction factor --- optimal battery operation --- biodiesel --- energy --- time-varying operation --- efficiency --- process synthesis and design --- nonsmooth modeling --- mixture ratio --- supercritical CO2 --- dynamic optimization --- technoeconomic analysis --- work and heat integration --- compressibility factor --- multi-objective optimisation --- circulating fluidized bed boiler --- wind power --- naphtha recovery unit --- cost optimization --- recompression cycle --- hybrid Life Cycle Assessment --- post-combustion CO2 capture --- piecewise-linear function generation --- solar energy --- industrial process heat --- kriging --- statistical model --- supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) --- parabolic trough --- combined cycle --- H2O-LiBr working pair --- linearization --- process integration --- smith predictor --- process design --- analysis by synthesis --- MINLP --- methyl-oleate --- diagnostics --- offshore wind --- double-effect system --- shale gas condensate --- geothermal energy --- multi-loop control --- R123 --- waste to energy --- hybrid system --- cogeneration --- energy storage --- energy efficiency --- nonlinear mathematical programming --- superstructure --- concentrating solar thermal --- desalination --- modelling --- binary cycle --- organic Rankine cycle --- refuse derived fuel --- power plants --- WHENS --- process control --- compressor modeling --- energy systems --- PTC --- life cycle analysis --- natural gas transportation --- isentropic exponent --- top-down models --- thermal storage --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- operations --- sustainable process design --- hybrid solar --- energy management --- R245fa --- building blocks --- energy economics --- micro gas turbine --- CSP --- fuel cost minimization problem --- CST --- palladium membrane hydrogen separation --- battery degradation --- optimal control --- RK-ASPEN --- process systems engineering --- supervisory control --- absorption refrigeration --- concentrating solar power --- shale gas condensate-to-heavier liquids --- Dieng --- DMR liquefaction processes --- dynamic modeling --- Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) --- load-following --- demand response --- Indonesia