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In the last two decades more than 120 countries have adopted a version of a Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). These are budget institutions whose rationale it is to enable the central government to make credible multi-year fiscal commitments. This paper analyzes a newly-collected dataset of worldwide MTEF adoptions during 1990-2008. It exploits within-country variation in MTEF adoption in a dynamic panel framework to estimate their impacts. The analysis finds that MTEFs strongly improve fiscal discipline, with more advanced MTEF phases having a larger impact. Higher-phase MTEFs also improve allocative efficiency. Only top-phase MTEFs have a significantly positive effect on technical efficiency.

Allocative efficiency --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Budget institutions --- Debt Markets --- Dynamic panel data analysis --- E-Business --- Fiscal discipline --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- MTEF --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Expenditure Policy --- Technical efficiency

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This book is a pivotal publication that seeks to address contemporary challenges to the blue economy in view of the growth in exploration and utilization of natural resources, transport connectivity, effects of climate change, sustainable fisheries management, food security, and social and economic issues of human well-being in coastal areas. Coastal territories and water areas are changing at an unprecedented pace in ways that fundamentally affect ecosystems, people, biodiversity, and sustainability. Such changes are driven primarily by rapid social and economic developments, economic disparities between countries, the internationalization of production and value chains, and industrialization. In this context, this publication supplements the existing literature by summoning political, economic, environmental, and social factors that influence various dimensions of the sustainable development of blue economy, as well as translating the findings into workable approaches and policies for the benefit of the economic actors, people, and the environment.

Research & information: general --- Ukraine --- coastal regions --- demographic structure --- regional economic performance --- sustainability --- Blue Economy (BE) sectors --- maritime transport --- legislative framework --- China --- connectivity --- COVID-19 pandemic --- maritime trade --- Polar Silk Road --- shipping --- blue economy (BE) --- coastal tourism --- bibliometric analysis --- R language --- CiteSpace --- VOSviewer --- visualization --- ASEAN --- comparative advantage --- fish --- fishery products --- RCEP --- seafood --- trade --- marine economic efficiency --- marine industrial structure upgrading --- spillover effect --- spatial Durbin model --- Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation --- blue economy --- coastal areas and municipalities --- regional and urban planning --- sustainable development strategies --- online education --- distance learning --- the Arctic region --- educational institutions --- employers --- ocean governance --- policy development --- transformation --- economic growth --- pollution --- panel data analysis --- oxidative stress --- heavy metals --- Danube River --- Black Sea --- machine learning --- fish stocks --- water quality --- forecast models

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This book is a pivotal publication that seeks to address contemporary challenges to the blue economy in view of the growth in exploration and utilization of natural resources, transport connectivity, effects of climate change, sustainable fisheries management, food security, and social and economic issues of human well-being in coastal areas. Coastal territories and water areas are changing at an unprecedented pace in ways that fundamentally affect ecosystems, people, biodiversity, and sustainability. Such changes are driven primarily by rapid social and economic developments, economic disparities between countries, the internationalization of production and value chains, and industrialization. In this context, this publication supplements the existing literature by summoning political, economic, environmental, and social factors that influence various dimensions of the sustainable development of blue economy, as well as translating the findings into workable approaches and policies for the benefit of the economic actors, people, and the environment.

Ukraine --- coastal regions --- demographic structure --- regional economic performance --- sustainability --- Blue Economy (BE) sectors --- maritime transport --- legislative framework --- China --- connectivity --- COVID-19 pandemic --- maritime trade --- Polar Silk Road --- shipping --- blue economy (BE) --- coastal tourism --- bibliometric analysis --- R language --- CiteSpace --- VOSviewer --- visualization --- ASEAN --- comparative advantage --- fish --- fishery products --- RCEP --- seafood --- trade --- marine economic efficiency --- marine industrial structure upgrading --- spillover effect --- spatial Durbin model --- Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation --- blue economy --- coastal areas and municipalities --- regional and urban planning --- sustainable development strategies --- online education --- distance learning --- the Arctic region --- educational institutions --- employers --- ocean governance --- policy development --- transformation --- economic growth --- pollution --- panel data analysis --- oxidative stress --- heavy metals --- Danube River --- Black Sea --- machine learning --- fish stocks --- water quality --- forecast models

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This collected volume consists of high-quality research covering a wide range of topics related to energy economics and politics in developed countries. The papers are informative on how to encourage sustainable development and facilitate financing technology development, transfer, and applications to mitigate climate change. Air pollution, environmental regulations, green energy, energy certificates, transmission rights, and power generation are among the energy-related topic analyzed by the contributions included in this Special Issue.

environmental regulations --- employment --- manufacturing --- act on low-carbon green growth --- labor productivity --- Korea --- Dutch disease --- natural gas --- event study --- real exchange rate --- announcements --- currency appreciation --- export --- expectations --- carbon emission efficiency --- regional differences --- influencing factors --- the Modified undesirable EBM DEA model --- Tobit model --- energy performance certificates --- PV energy cost --- PV energy savings --- house prices --- environmental regulation --- oil prices --- stock prices --- panel data analysis --- ARDL --- financial sector --- water-energy-land nexus --- environmental policy integration --- policy analysis --- European Union --- green finance --- green investment --- green credit guarantee scheme --- community-based trust funds --- renewable energy --- Export-led growth --- economic growth --- Angola --- energy efficiency --- time-variant efficiency --- true fixed-effects model --- four components stochastic frontier model --- determinants of inefficiency --- Chinese provinces --- utilization efficiency --- data envelopment analysis --- undesirable output model --- bad output --- grey prediction model --- energy economics --- financial transmission rights (FTR) --- FTR auction --- FTR path evaluation --- electric market --- item response theory (IRT) --- psychometrics --- power generation --- electrical subsystems --- time series --- environmental degradation goal --- economic growth goal --- mean group analysis --- weighted scoring method --- electric buses --- zero-emission buses (ZEB) --- clean buses --- EU policy --- zero emission policy --- green energy --- city management --- simulation model --- strategy --- sustainable development