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Heterogeneous catalysis played, plays, and will continue to play, a major key role in industrial processes for large-scale synthesis of commodity chemicals of global importance, and in catalytic systems that possess a critical role in energy generation and environmental protection approaches. As a result of the ongoing progress in materials science, nanotechnology, and characterizations, great advances have been achieved in heterogeneous catalysis by nanomaterials. Efficient approaches and advanced methods for the design of nano-structured composite materials (up to atomic level), subject to specific nano-morphologies with enhanced metal–metal and metal–support interactions favorable for catalysis (that enable fine-tuning of the critical properties of the designed catalysts), provide optimized catalysts with outstanding performances in numerous eco-friendly and cost-effective applications. Accordingly, great progress has been achieved involving, for example, emissions control, waste treatment, photocatalytic, bio-refinery, CO2 utilization, and fuel cells applications, as well as hydrocarbon processing for H2, added-value chemicals, and liquid fuels production. The themed Special Issue has succeeded in collecting 10 high-quality contributions that cover recent research progress in the field for a variety of applications (e.g., environment, energy, added-value chemicals/organics synthesis, and bio-transformation) declaring the prospect and importance of nanomaterials in all the directions of heterogeneous catalysis.

n/a --- B-doped --- polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers --- porous carbon --- self-catalytic pyrolysis --- visible light --- heterostructure --- oxygen vacancies --- TiO2 nanotube --- thiadiazoles --- ethylidenethiosemicarbazides --- adsorption --- dimethoxymethane --- nano-biocatalyst --- heterogeneous catalysis --- bio-catalysis --- H2 evolution --- carbon cuboids --- trioxymethylene --- ?-glucosidase --- metal-organic frameworks --- Brønsted acid sites --- hybrid --- MXene --- oleuropein --- Rhodamine B --- antibiotics --- maleic anhydride --- oxygen evolution reaction --- photocatalyst --- 2-methyl-3-butennitrile --- halide perovskite --- zeolites --- electrospinning --- Rh --- Ti3C2Tx --- heterostructures --- hydroxytyrosol --- metal–organic frameworks --- photocatalysis --- Ni/ZrO2 --- the maximum included sphere --- functionalized olefin --- selective hydrogenation --- thiazoles --- oxidation --- visible-light --- red P --- chitosan-MgO nanocomposite --- ZnO --- g-C3N4/TiO2 --- hydroformylation --- steric constraint

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This Special Issue on “New Trends in Catalysis for Sustainable CO2 Conversion”, released in the Catalysts open access journal, shows new research about the development of catalysts and catalytic routes for CO2 valorization, in addition to the optimization of the reaction conditions for the process. This issue includes ten articles and three reviews about different innovative processes for CO2 conversion.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a physical process consisting of the separation the CO2 (emitted by industry and the combustion processes for energy generation) and its transportation to geological storage isolates it from the atmosphere in the long term. However, the most promising routes for CO2 mitigation are those pursuing its catalytic valorization. By applying specific catalysts and suitable operating conditions, CO2 molecules react with other components to form longer chains (i.e., hydrocarbons). Accordingly, effort should be made to catalytically valorize CO2 (alone or co-fed with syngas) as an alternative way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and obtaining high-value fuels and chemicals. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is a developing field with significant demand for research in the following aspects:The development of new catalysts, catalytic routes, and technologies for CO2 conversion;The study of new processes for obtaining fuels and chemicals from CO2;Optimization of the catalysts and the reaction conditions for these processes;Further steps in advanced processes using CO2-rich feeds (H2+CO2 or CO2 mixed with syngas), increasing product yields.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- carbon dioxide --- hydrogenation --- catalyst --- gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) --- fixed-bed reactor --- CO2–H2O photo-co-processing --- VIS-light driven reactions --- CO2 reduction --- photocatalysts properties --- soft oxidant --- oxidation --- dehydrogenation --- nano-catalyst --- electrochemical reduction of CO2 --- ionic liquids --- propylene carbonate --- imidazolium cation --- greenhouse gas --- climate change --- CO2 decomposition --- CO2 utilization --- SrFeO3−x --- CO2 methanation --- Ni-xSi/ZrO2 --- Si promotion --- oxygen vacancies --- CO2 hydrogenation --- light olefins --- catalyst deactivation --- CO2-Fischer-Tropsch (CO2-FT) --- iron-based catalysts --- methanol to olefins --- bifunctional composite catalysts --- SAPO-34 --- photocatalysis --- carbon-TiO2 --- nanocarbon --- carbon allotropes --- carbon nanotubes --- carbon nanofibers --- carbon nano-onions --- carbon dioxide electrolysis --- molten carbonate --- greenhouse gas mitigation --- cycloaddition --- ionic liquid --- deep eutectic solvents --- onium salt --- homogeneous catalysts --- heterogeneous catalysis --- CO2 conversion --- methane --- hydrocarbons --- iron oxide --- copper nanoparticles --- biomass --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- carbon-supported iron catalyst --- gasoline --- diesel --- n/a --- CO2-H2O photo-co-processing --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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The present volume “New Trends in Lithium Niobate: From Bulk to Nanocrystals” contains the materials of a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Crystals dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Ortwin F. Schirmer and provides a new synopsis of his research focusing on LiNbO3. It also includes recent developments, exemplifying the continued interest in this outstanding ferroelectric, non-linear optical and holographic crystal as a workhorse for testing and realizing new ideas and applications.This book starts with reviews on intrinsic and extrinsic crystal defects in LiNbO3 of single-crystal, thin-film or nano-powder forms, studied by various optical, magnetic resonance and nuclear methods, clarifying in particular the reasons for the suppression of anion vacancy formation upon thermal reduction, mechano-chemical processing or irradiations of various types. The reviews are followed by research papers on the experimental and theoretical investigation of small polarons, together with recent results on the properties of Li(Nb,Ta)O3 mixed crystals. Among the various contributions dealing with nonlinear optical applications, papers on device development, entangled photon pair generation and thin films on the Lithium Niobate On Insulator (LNOI) platform can also be found.

lithium niobate --- small polaron hopping --- transient absorption --- mode-locked laser --- nonlinear mirror mode locking --- lithium tantalate --- crystal structure --- chemical composition --- ferroelectrics --- second harmonic generation --- lead-free piezoelectrics --- intrinsic defects --- extrinsic defects --- elemental doping --- ferromagnetism --- diluted-magnetic oxides --- LiNbO3 --- LiTaO3 --- oxide crystals --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- LNOI --- ferroelectric domains --- domain-wall conduction --- AFM --- thin film lithium niobate --- TFLN --- x-cut LN --- domain walls --- piezoresponse force microscopy --- second-harmonic generation --- Raman scattering --- electro-optics --- whispering gallery resonators --- polarons --- photorefractivity --- Marcus-Holstein’s theory --- Monte Carlo simulations --- strontium titanate --- self-trapped electrons --- oxygen vacancies --- defects --- impurity --- intrinsic defect --- paramagnetic ion --- electron paramagnetic resonance --- electron nuclear double resonance --- lithium vacancy --- lithium --- niobate --- epitaxy --- thin film --- liquid phase epitaxy --- molecular beam epitaxy --- sputtering --- pulsed laser deposition --- chemical vapor deposition --- lithium niobate-tantalate --- piezoelectric --- acoustic --- high-temperature --- sensor --- Q-factor --- BAW resonator --- parametric down-conversion --- photon-pair generation --- extended phase matching --- microring resonator --- varFDTD --- lithium tantalate thin film --- electro-optical devices --- lattice location --- radiation damage --- ion beam analysis --- hyperfine interactions --- charge localization --- lattice deformation --- optical response --- density-functional theory --- Bethe-Salpeter equation --- nanoparticles --- nanopowders --- X-ray diffraction --- Raman spectroscopy --- temperature dependence of electroconductivity --- bipolarons --- defect structure and generation --- Li diffusion --- bulk crystals --- thin films --- nanocrystals