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Ascorbic acid --- Ascorbic acid --- Folic acid --- Folic acid --- Organic acid salts --- Organic acid salts --- Heat treatment --- Heat treatment --- High pressure technology --- High pressure technology --- degradation. --- degradation --- pH --- pH --- environmental factors --- environmental factors --- Aerobiosis --- Anaerobiosis --- Anaerobiosis

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The triple-R model (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is the essential concept of the circular economy. Due to population growth, the recovery of added-value products from wastes has become a challenge. Wastewaters of different origin (urban, industrial, mining, textile, distillery, and microbial culture, among others) are rich in energy, water, and nutrient sources that can be recovered and reused within a circular economy framework. Recently, wastewater treatment plants have been converted into biofactories, since they can convert waste into new products (water, nutrients, fertilizers, biomethane, electricity, heat, etc.) with a minimal environmental impact. In this context, adsorption and ion-exchange, as well as the integration of both processes, have been proposed as promising technologies for the treatment of wastewaters for resource recovery. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption and/or Ion-Exchange Processes for Resource Recovery”, is to promote these two processes as innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives for the recovery of secondary raw materials from by-products or waste streams. These processes could improve the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the currently used wastewater treatment techniques.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- clay --- dye --- adsorption --- isotherm --- kinetics --- hydroxyapatite --- calcium carbonate --- coating --- heavy metal sorption --- groundwater remediation --- adsorption technology --- ultra-sonication --- phosphate removal --- granular ferric hydroxide --- micro-sized adsorbents --- organic acid --- circular economy --- optimization process --- bio-economy --- response surface methodology --- corn stream --- surface-active compounds --- eco-adsorbents --- green membranes --- resource recovery --- hybrid biosorbent --- desorption --- thermodynamic --- nanofiltration --- clay --- dye --- adsorption --- isotherm --- kinetics --- hydroxyapatite --- calcium carbonate --- coating --- heavy metal sorption --- groundwater remediation --- adsorption technology --- ultra-sonication --- phosphate removal --- granular ferric hydroxide --- micro-sized adsorbents --- organic acid --- circular economy --- optimization process --- bio-economy --- response surface methodology --- corn stream --- surface-active compounds --- eco-adsorbents --- green membranes --- resource recovery --- hybrid biosorbent --- desorption --- thermodynamic --- nanofiltration

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The proposed book is a compilation of a Special Issue on “Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources”, published in the journal Minerals in 2020. There are 10 papers contributed by experts in the area, and these can be grouped into four categories: leaching from low-grade ores including coal, clay, soil, and red mud; pre-treatment and leaching; recycling; and precipitation and nano-hydrometallurgy. Although these articles are available in the journal Minerals, it is convenient to compile the most valuable information into a book form so that scholars and industrial practitioners can have easy access to it when they need it where the Internet is not easily available. I strongly believe that the book on a very specialized topic matter such as modern extraction technologies of rare earth elements will contribute greatly to the fast-growing industry that needs rare earth elements.

Technology: general issues --- precipitation --- leaching --- complexation --- anion effect --- equilibrium calculation --- rare earth elements --- magnets --- recycling --- recovery --- fluorides --- modelling --- clay minerals --- grain size characteristics --- in situ leaching --- simulated leaching --- ion-absorbed type rare earth ore --- coal --- acid mine drainage --- coal combustion byproducts --- kinetics --- apparent activation energy --- rare-earth elements --- scandium --- alumina production --- sinter processes --- red mud --- electrostatic precipitation dust --- alkali leaching --- lanthanide separation --- magnetic nanohydrometallurgy --- complexing nanoparticles --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetophoresis --- monazite processing --- urban mining --- REE --- sulfuric acid baking --- caustic digestion --- acid leaching --- water leaching --- coal utilization byproducts --- pregnant leach solution --- underclay --- organic acid --- rare earths --- distribution factor --- selective precipitation --- oxalates --- organic complexes

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The proposed book is a compilation of a Special Issue on “Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources”, published in the journal Minerals in 2020. There are 10 papers contributed by experts in the area, and these can be grouped into four categories: leaching from low-grade ores including coal, clay, soil, and red mud; pre-treatment and leaching; recycling; and precipitation and nano-hydrometallurgy. Although these articles are available in the journal Minerals, it is convenient to compile the most valuable information into a book form so that scholars and industrial practitioners can have easy access to it when they need it where the Internet is not easily available. I strongly believe that the book on a very specialized topic matter such as modern extraction technologies of rare earth elements will contribute greatly to the fast-growing industry that needs rare earth elements.

Technology: general issues --- precipitation --- leaching --- complexation --- anion effect --- equilibrium calculation --- rare earth elements --- magnets --- recycling --- recovery --- fluorides --- modelling --- clay minerals --- grain size characteristics --- in situ leaching --- simulated leaching --- ion-absorbed type rare earth ore --- coal --- acid mine drainage --- coal combustion byproducts --- kinetics --- apparent activation energy --- rare-earth elements --- scandium --- alumina production --- sinter processes --- red mud --- electrostatic precipitation dust --- alkali leaching --- lanthanide separation --- magnetic nanohydrometallurgy --- complexing nanoparticles --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetophoresis --- monazite processing --- urban mining --- REE --- sulfuric acid baking --- caustic digestion --- acid leaching --- water leaching --- coal utilization byproducts --- pregnant leach solution --- underclay --- organic acid --- rare earths --- distribution factor --- selective precipitation --- oxalates --- organic complexes --- precipitation --- leaching --- complexation --- anion effect --- equilibrium calculation --- rare earth elements --- magnets --- recycling --- recovery --- fluorides --- modelling --- clay minerals --- grain size characteristics --- in situ leaching --- simulated leaching --- ion-absorbed type rare earth ore --- coal --- acid mine drainage --- coal combustion byproducts --- kinetics --- apparent activation energy --- rare-earth elements --- scandium --- alumina production --- sinter processes --- red mud --- electrostatic precipitation dust --- alkali leaching --- lanthanide separation --- magnetic nanohydrometallurgy --- complexing nanoparticles --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetophoresis --- monazite processing --- urban mining --- REE --- sulfuric acid baking --- caustic digestion --- acid leaching --- water leaching --- coal utilization byproducts --- pregnant leach solution --- underclay --- organic acid --- rare earths --- distribution factor --- selective precipitation --- oxalates --- organic complexes

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The new revised edition of a classic Earth science textThis newly revised edition of Global Environment discusses the major elements of the geochemical cycles and global fluxes found in the atmosphere, land, lakes, rivers, biota, and oceans, as well as the human effects on these fluxes. Retaining the strengths of the original edition while incorporating the latest discoveries, this textbook takes an integrated, multidisciplinary, and global approach to geochemistry and environmental problems and introduces fundamental concepts of meteorology, surficial geology (weathering, erosion, and sedimentation), biogeochemistry, limnology, and oceanography.New concepts and information in this updated edition include changes of atmospheric carbon dioxide over geologic time, major advances in the study of chemical weathering of rocks, ocean acidification, and important environmental problems, such as the amelioration of the acid rain problem due to reduction in sulfur deposition, problems with nitrification of soils and lakes, and eutrophication of rivers and estuaries. An expanded chapter explores atmospheric chemistry and changing climate, with the most up-to-date statistics on CO2, the carbon cycle, other greenhouse gases, and the ozone hole. Only requiring a fundamental understanding in elementary chemistry, yet taking into account extensive and current data, this text is ideal for students in environmental geochemistry, environmental geology, global change, biogeochemistry, water pollution, geochemical cycles, chemical oceanography, and geohydrology, and serves as a valuable reference for researchers working on global geochemical and environmental issues.Revised edition takes a close look at global fluxes involving the atmosphere, land, lakes, rivers, biota, and oceans, and the human effects on these fluxesDetailed discussion of basic concepts including meteorology, surficial geology (weathering, erosion, and sedimentation), biogeochemistry, limnology, and oceanographyAn expanded up-to-date chapter on atmospheric chemistry and changing climate, including CO2, other greenhouse gases, and ozonePresentation of major advances in the study of chemical weatheringDiscussion of current environmental topicsGlobal coverage of environmental problems involving water

Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (General). --- Atmospheric circulation. --- Atmospheric chemistry. --- Hydrologic cycle. --- Acid rain. --- Aerosol. --- Aluminosilicate. --- Ammonium. --- Atlantic Ocean. --- Atmosphere of Earth. --- Bicarbonate. --- Biogeochemical cycle. --- Biomass (ecology). --- Biomass. --- Calcite. --- Calcium. --- Carbon dioxide. --- Carbonate. --- Carbonic acid. --- Chemical composition. --- Chemical reaction. --- Climate change. --- Combustion. --- Cyanobacteria. --- Deep sea. --- Deforestation. --- Denitrification. --- Denudation. --- Diatom. --- Dissolved silica. --- Drainage basin. --- Earth. --- Erosion. --- Estuaries. --- Estuary. --- Eutrophication. --- Evaporation. --- Evaporite. --- Fertilizer. --- Fossil fuel. --- Fresh water. --- Geochemical cycle. --- Geochemistry. --- Global warming. --- Greenhouse gas. --- Groundwater. --- Hydrology. --- Inflow (meteorology). --- Ion exchange. --- Magnesium. --- Methane. --- Nitrate. --- Nitric acid. --- Nitrification. --- Nitrogen cycle. --- Nitrogen fixation. --- Nitrogen. --- Nitrous oxide. --- Nutrient. --- Ocean acidification. --- Organic acid. --- Organic compound. --- Ozone depletion. --- Ozone layer. --- Pacific Ocean. --- Particulates. --- Pelagic zone. --- Phosphate. --- Phosphorus cycle. --- Phosphorus. --- Photosynthesis. --- Phytoplankton. --- Pollutant. --- Pollution. --- Potassium. --- Precipitation. --- Primary production. --- Pyrite. --- Radiative forcing. --- River. --- Salinity. --- Sea salt. --- Seawater. --- Sediment. --- Sedimentary rock. --- Silicate. --- Sodium. --- Soil water (retention). --- Soil. --- Solubility. --- Sulfate. --- Sulfur dioxide. --- Sulfuric acid. --- Surface runoff. --- Surface water. --- Thermocline. --- Thermohaline circulation. --- Total organic carbon. --- Water cycle. --- Water mass. --- Water vapor. --- Weathering. --- Year.