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Omics technologies such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics are widely applied for the identification and characterization of new molecular signatures. However, molecular profiling that makes it possible to understand neurodegenerative diseases has been relatively insufficient. Brain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and emotional disorders need integrative understanding which draws on a more reliable hypothesis for pathology, which can be accomplished via in-depth study of molecular information. Recently, multi-omics technologies have been eagerly applied to a diverse range of diseases. As this includes multiple molecular profiling, metadata, and Big Data processing with informatics and computer science, it is possible to provide new macroscopic and microscopic insights in order to better understand diseases. This Special Issue will introduce recent technological advances in multi-omics and the application of omics technology to brain diseases.

Research & information: general --- schizophrenia --- abnormal behavior gene set --- region --- differentially expressed genes --- de novo mutation --- copy number variant --- SIDS --- newborn infant --- genetic polymorphism --- neurotransmitter --- epigenetics --- epigenome --- zinc finger domain --- zinc finger motif --- zinc finger proteins --- zinc metalloproteins --- flow infusion analysis --- chloride adducts --- ceramides --- sphingolipids --- glycerophosphocholines --- human brain --- NAD+ --- nicotinamide --- ageing --- plasma --- biomarker --- CNV --- PPI --- spatiotemporal network --- chromosome 22q11.21 --- DGCR8 --- Orthosiphon stamineus --- plant-derived proteins --- neuroprotective --- SH-SY5Y cell model --- hydrogen peroxide --- CSF --- miRNAs --- neurological diseases --- OpenArray --- morphine --- withdrawal --- brain --- proteomics --- synaptic plasticity --- Alzheimer’s disease --- microfluidics --- lab-on-chip --- 3D culture --- organ-on-chip --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease

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Lab-on-PCB devices can be considered an emerging technology. In fact, most of the contributions have been published during the last 5 years. It is mainly focussed on both biomedical and electronic applications. The book includes an interesting guide for using the different layers of the Printed Circuit Boards for developing new devices; guidelines for fabricating PCB-based electrochemical biosensors, and an overview of fluid manipulation devices fabricated using Printed Circuit Boards. In addition, current PCB-based devices are reported, and studies for several aspects of research and development of lab-on-PCB devices are described.

lab-on-PCB --- microfluidics --- flow driving --- actuators --- biomedical applications --- MEA --- brain cells --- electrical recordings --- Organ-on-Chip --- Brain-on-Chip --- printed circuit boards --- electrochemical biosensors --- Lab-on-PCB --- electrode pre-treatment --- electrophoresis --- agarose --- PCB technology --- DNA amplification --- RPA --- microheaters --- E. coli --- molecular diagnostics --- printed circuit board --- organotypic culture --- microchip electrophoresis --- stray capacitance --- capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection --- planar grounded electrode --- Printed Circuit Board (PCB) --- biomedical --- electronic --- engineering --- PCB --- rapid prototyping --- 3D printing --- PCB-MEMS --- PCB reliability --- embedded components --- finite element analysis --- thermal analysis --- electronics --- sensors --- biosensors --- lab-on-chip

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Omics technologies such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics are widely applied for the identification and characterization of new molecular signatures. However, molecular profiling that makes it possible to understand neurodegenerative diseases has been relatively insufficient. Brain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and emotional disorders need integrative understanding which draws on a more reliable hypothesis for pathology, which can be accomplished via in-depth study of molecular information. Recently, multi-omics technologies have been eagerly applied to a diverse range of diseases. As this includes multiple molecular profiling, metadata, and Big Data processing with informatics and computer science, it is possible to provide new macroscopic and microscopic insights in order to better understand diseases. This Special Issue will introduce recent technological advances in multi-omics and the application of omics technology to brain diseases.

Research & information: general --- schizophrenia --- abnormal behavior gene set --- region --- differentially expressed genes --- de novo mutation --- copy number variant --- SIDS --- newborn infant --- genetic polymorphism --- neurotransmitter --- epigenetics --- epigenome --- zinc finger domain --- zinc finger motif --- zinc finger proteins --- zinc metalloproteins --- flow infusion analysis --- chloride adducts --- ceramides --- sphingolipids --- glycerophosphocholines --- human brain --- NAD+ --- nicotinamide --- ageing --- plasma --- biomarker --- CNV --- PPI --- spatiotemporal network --- chromosome 22q11.21 --- DGCR8 --- Orthosiphon stamineus --- plant-derived proteins --- neuroprotective --- SH-SY5Y cell model --- hydrogen peroxide --- CSF --- miRNAs --- neurological diseases --- OpenArray --- morphine --- withdrawal --- brain --- proteomics --- synaptic plasticity --- Alzheimer's disease --- microfluidics --- lab-on-chip --- 3D culture --- organ-on-chip --- schizophrenia --- abnormal behavior gene set --- region --- differentially expressed genes --- de novo mutation --- copy number variant --- SIDS --- newborn infant --- genetic polymorphism --- neurotransmitter --- epigenetics --- epigenome --- zinc finger domain --- zinc finger motif --- zinc finger proteins --- zinc metalloproteins --- flow infusion analysis --- chloride adducts --- ceramides --- sphingolipids --- glycerophosphocholines --- human brain --- NAD+ --- nicotinamide --- ageing --- plasma --- biomarker --- CNV --- PPI --- spatiotemporal network --- chromosome 22q11.21 --- DGCR8 --- Orthosiphon stamineus --- plant-derived proteins --- neuroprotective --- SH-SY5Y cell model --- hydrogen peroxide --- CSF --- miRNAs --- neurological diseases --- OpenArray --- morphine --- withdrawal --- brain --- proteomics --- synaptic plasticity --- Alzheimer's disease --- microfluidics --- lab-on-chip --- 3D culture --- organ-on-chip

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Recently, microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have gained particular attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantages, such as miniaturization, versatility, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to replace animal models for drug development and testing, these devices hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the research of more effective treatments for several diseases that threaten human life. With integrated biosensors, these devices allow the development and design of micro- and nanoparticles to be studied in detail, modelling human physiology, investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease formation and progression, and gaining insights into the performance and long-term effects of responsive drug delivery nanocarriers. This Special Issue gathered research papers, and review articles focusing on novel microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedical applications, addressing all steps related to fabrication, biosensor integration and development, characterization, numerical simulations and validation of the devices, optimization and, the translation of these devices from research labs to industry settings.

Medicine --- protein biomarker --- microarray --- microfluidic cassette --- multiplex measurement --- immunoassay --- point-of-care testing --- microfluidic device --- small intestine --- ex vivo --- histology --- embedded resin --- sectioning --- peptide biosensor --- lab-on-a-chip --- label-free detection --- peptide aptamers --- protein biomarkers --- microfluidic biochip --- troponin T --- computational simulations --- drug discovery --- organ-on-a-chip --- microfluidic devices --- preclinical models --- numerical simulations --- automation --- non-enzymatic --- DNA amplification --- L-DNA --- microfluidic --- fluorescence --- paper microfluidics --- sweat --- sensing --- hydrogels --- lactate --- osmotic pumping --- evaporation --- capillary --- wicking --- biochemical assay --- microfluidics --- cell trap --- RBC --- evolutionary algorithm --- generative design --- artificial intelligence --- organ-on-chip --- liver-on-chip --- liver disease --- multi-level microfluidic device --- live cell imaging --- long-term microscopy imaging --- focus drifting --- immersion oil viscosity --- bacterial population dynamics --- single-cell studies --- E. coli --- mother machine --- computational fluid dynamics --- cancer-on-chip --- xenograft --- colorectal cancer --- pharmacodynamics --- pharmacokinetics --- drug efficacy --- oxaliplatin --- microfabrication --- microphysiological system --- biophysical stimuli --- biochemical stimuli --- in vitro cell culture --- cortical neurons --- hippocampal neurons --- electrical stimulation --- Micro-Electrode Arrays --- engineered neuronal networks --- polydimethylsiloxane --- microchannels --- in vivo micro bioreactor --- additive manufacturing --- poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate --- biocompatibility --- COVID-19 --- diagnosis --- image analysis --- PCR --- SARS-CoV-2 --- n/a