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Molecules produced by microorganisms such as Bacillus sp are the subject of many studies. Their manifold applications interest a large range of industries. Several components are used in the agro alimentary industry, chemistry and/or pharmaceutical, as the case of lipopeptides. These molecules present emulisifier properties interesting in food production and also in crops protection via the biopesticides production. 
In order to use this molecule in a large scale, its production in reactor must be developed. Lipopeptides production is positively influenced by biofilm production and induces an important foam production. For these reasons, a biofilm reactor seems to be the more suitable. In this kind of reactor, such as the one developed by Q Zune et al., 2017, a biofilm is formed on a support in stainless steel (packing) suspended above the culture medium that recirculates permanently on the packing. However, this kind of reactor is not easily scalable. The output of the support out of the reactor is required for an industrial production in a larger scale. It is the reason why a biofilm reactor equipped with a column containing packings has been developed with the strains B. amyloliquefaciens GA1 in scale down. 

Unfortunately, this biofilm reactor with a tower meets some difficulties. A cellular lysis is observed and thereby, no biofilm is formed on packings. The light emitted by a near infrared spectrometer placed in the system had been initially considered as the trigger of the cellular lysis. And a possible link between light and the phenomenon of programmed cell death had been established via the study of the general stress response and the regulation network of B. subtilis. 

However, before this link had been demonstrated, the implication of the near infrared spectrometer in the phenomenon had been refuted. And the study of possible causes of this problem had been conducted. Different stresses present in the biofilm reactor and leading to the activation of the general stress response of B. subtilis had been studied (temperature and pH variation and nutrients and oxygen limitation). And an analysis of cells retention in column thanks to a compartments model had been carried out. 
These multiple researches have ended up with a biofilm formation thanks to a change of culture medium (MSgg). And, the compartments model has allowed highlighting the influence of air flow in column on cells retention on packings. Nevertheless, the precise cause of the lysis phenomenon observed with the former medium (Optimize medium) remains unknown.

Biofilm reactor, lipopeptides, MSgg, Optimized medium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GA1, compartments model, general stress response, programmed cell death --- Sciences du vivant > Biotechnologie

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Materials with sound-absorbing or sound-insulating properties have been rapidly evolving in recent years for several reasons. On one side, there is the ever-increasing awareness of the adverse effects that noise and lack of acoustic comfort may have on human health. On the other, the availability of more sophisticated fabrication techniques, calculation methods, and new materials, has stimulated researchers and, more and more frequently, industry to develop customized materials with improved properties.This book collects contributions from different researchers covering several topics. A group of papers investigated the use of 3D printing to obtain perforated panels with extended frequency response, as well as to ideally design an optimized cell distribution to print (when fabrication techniques will make it possible) a porous material with a broader sound absorption. The role of the geometrical and microstructural properties of granular molecular sieves is investigated by another paper. A second group of papers focused its attention on the use of natural or recycled components to create a skeleton of porous materials with good sound-absorbing properties and low environmental impact. Cigarette butts, recycled textile waste, and almond skins have been investigated by different authors.Finally, the last batch of papers included a review of sound insulation properties of innovative concretes and two research papers focussing on a numerical and experimental analysis of wood plastic composite (WPC) panels and on the potential of semi-active solutions employing compressible constrained layer damping (CCLD).

perforated panel --- absorber array --- low frequency absorption --- sound absorber --- cigarette butts --- sustainable material --- recycling --- variability analysis --- textile waste --- biopolymers --- sound absorption --- sustainable materials --- circular economy --- polyurethane foam --- thermal property --- phase change material --- flame retardant --- perforated plates with extended tubes --- porous materials --- periodic absorber --- wood plastic composite --- transmission loss --- radiation efficiency --- orthotropic panel --- wavenumber analysis --- molecular sieve pellets --- impedance tube --- sound transmission loss --- semi-active damping --- sandwich panel --- morphing structure --- compressible constrained layer damping --- composite materials --- anisotropic materials --- optimized absorption --- diffuse field --- graded properties --- agro-waste --- hygrothermal performances --- concrete --- noise --- acoustic properties --- sound-absorbing --- sound-reflecting --- n/a

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks are a dominant natural disturbance in the forests of Canada and northeastern USA. Widespread, severe defoliation by this native insect results in large-scale mortality and growth reductions of spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests, and largely determines future age–class structure and productivity. The last major spruce budworm outbreak defoliated over 58 million hectares in the 1970s–1980s, and caused 32–43 million m3/year of timber volume losses from 1978 to 1987, in Canada. Management to deal with spruce budworm outbreaks has emphasized forest protection, spraying registered insecticides to prevent defoliation and keep trees alive. Other tactics can include salvage harvesting, altering harvest schedules to remove the most susceptible stands, or reducing future susceptibility by planting or thinning. Chemical insecticides are no longer used, and protection strategies use biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) or tebufenozide, a specific insect growth regulator. Over the last five years, a $30 million research project has tested another possible management tactic, termed an ‘early intervention strategy’, aimed at area-wide management of spruce budworm populations. This includes intensive monitoring to detect ‘hot spots’ of rising budworm populations before defoliation occurs, targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread, and detailed research into target and non-target insect effects. The objective of this Special Issue is to compile the most recent research on protection strategies against spruce budworm. A series of papers will describe results and prospects for the use of an early intervention strategy in spruce budworm and other insect management.

pheromone mating disruption --- spruce budworm --- insecticide application --- multi-spectral remote sensing --- simulation --- apparent fecundity --- Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) --- Pinaceae --- Choristoneura fumiferana --- circadian rhythm --- forest protection --- early intervention strategy --- insect population management --- moth --- survival --- Phialocephala scopiformis --- moths --- optimized treatment design --- spatial-temporal patterns --- monitoring --- modelling --- science communication --- decision support system --- population control --- area-wide management --- tortricidae --- insect susceptibility --- egg recruitment --- annual defoliation --- treatment threshold --- Maine --- dispersal --- growth rate --- forest pests --- Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) --- mixed effect models --- intertree variance --- endophytic fungi --- Acadian region --- insecticides --- defoliation --- Abies balsamea --- Picea glauca --- immigration --- defoliation prediction --- early intervention --- Quebec --- phenology --- aerobiology --- economic losses --- spatial autocorrelation --- foliage protection --- computable general equilibrium model --- economic and ecological cost: benefit analyses --- hardwood content --- plant tolerance --- Lepidoptera --- migration

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Acoustic emission (AE) techniques have successfully been used for assuring the structural integrity of large rocket motorcases since 1963, and their uses have expanded to ever larger structures, especially as structural health monitoring (SHM) of large structures has become the most urgent task for engineering communities around the world. The needs for advanced AE monitoring methods are felt keenly by those dealing with aging infrastructures. Many publications have appeared covering various aspects of AE techniques, but documentation of actual applications of AE techniques has been mostly limited to reports of successful results without technical details that allow objective evaluation of the results. There are some exceptions in the literature. In this Special Issue of the Acoustics section of Applied Sciences, we seek contributions covering these exceptions cited here. Here, we seek contributions describing case histories of AE applications to large structures that have achieved the goals of SHM by providing adequate technical information supporting the success stories. Types of structures can include aerospace and geological structures, bridges, buildings, factories, maritime facilities, off-shore structures, etc. Experiences with AE monitoring methods designed and proven for large stru

History of engineering & technology --- acoustic emission --- thermal cracking --- asphalt pavements --- embrittlement temperatures --- recycled asphalt pavements --- recycled asphalt shingles --- cooling cycles --- closed-form solution --- outlier --- time difference of arrival --- weight estimation --- structural diagnosis --- attenuation --- source location --- sensing --- signal processing --- structural health monitoring --- time series analysis --- b-value --- natural time --- critical phenomena --- reliability --- structural integrity --- crack growth --- fatigue life prediction --- uncertainty analysis --- nondestructive testing --- non-destructive testing --- hydrotreater --- bridge --- high temperature --- gas adsorber --- rotary kiln --- dragline --- acoustic emission (AE) --- non-destructive methods (NDT) --- diagnostic methods --- bridges --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- acoustic emission swarm --- 2011 Tohoku earthquake --- repeating earthquake --- multiplet --- crustal movement --- optimized EEMD --- 2D-MUSIC --- composite structure --- impact localization --- part qualification --- structural design --- composites --- nondestructive evaluation (NDE) --- in situ acoustic emission (AE) monitoring --- mines --- host rock --- remote monitoring --- corrosion --- nuclear facilities --- alkali-silica reaction --- pattern recognition --- confinement --- damage evaluation --- beam --- vibration --- high-rate dynamics --- n/a

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Geographic information systems (GISs) have played a vital role in Earth sciences by providing a powerful means of observing the world and various tools for solving complex problems. The scientific community has used GISs to reveal fascinating details about the Earth and other planets. This book on recent advances in GIS for Earth sciences includes 12 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this book belong to the following broad categories: Earth science informatics (geoinformatics), mining, hydrology, natural hazards, and society.

mine safety --- GIS-coupled --- spatiotemporal model --- LBM --- methane gas emission --- traffic flows --- taxi trajectory --- float cars --- spatial community --- transport system --- land use --- multi-functionality --- production-living-ecology function --- spatiotemporal dynamics --- obstacle factors --- Xiangxi --- DEM grid cell size --- efficiency --- mountainous watersheds --- optimized parameter set --- TOPMODEL --- social media --- rainstorm event --- spatiotemporal analysis --- factor assessing --- parallel algorithm --- map overlay analysis --- Hilbert ordering decomposition --- spatial analysis --- GIS vector map data --- GIS vector map security --- selective encryption --- simplification method and cryptography --- geo-sensor framework --- geo-sensor platform (GIS) --- sensor networks --- do-it-yourself (DIY) --- landslide susceptibility mapping --- ensemble techniques --- functional trees --- bagging --- rotation forest --- dagging --- algorithm --- cognition --- computer languages --- eye-tracking measurement --- gaze tracking --- human-computer interaction --- open source software --- symbols --- visualisation --- Geographic information systems --- mine planning --- mine development --- mine operation --- environmental management --- mine reclamation --- Indian Himalayas --- landslides --- GIS --- remote sensing