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The study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays enjoys a long history. Advances in microfabrication technologies in the past few decades have enabled the design and fabrication of microlenses and microlens arrays through many different approaches. In recent years, there has been notably a host of exciting developments in the microlenses and microlens arrays, including tunable-focus ones, those fabricated on non-planar substrates and surfaces, and microlens arrays mimicking natural compound eyes, to name just a few. The developments in microlenses and microlens arrays have found profound applications in many engineering and biomedical fields, including but not limited to optical coherence tomography (OCT), endoscopy, photolithography, 3-dimensional imaging, optical communications, and lab on chips. This Special Issue aims to highlight the state of the art in the development of microlenses and microlens arrays; examples being fabrication technologies and optical characterizations. It also focuses on their applications when implemented in microoptical systems.

microcamera --- polymer --- variable-focus microlens --- electrowetting --- flexible substrate --- optical characterization --- micro imaging system --- artificial compound eye --- optical aberration --- microoptics --- liquid microlens --- photolithography --- optofluidics --- optical MEMS --- dielectrophoresis --- tunable-focus microlens --- microscopy --- fill factor --- focal length --- microlens --- liquid crystal --- microlens array --- Microfluidics. --- Fluidics --- Nanofluids