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The subject of transnational lives has only recently gained importance in historical research. With its transnational approach to "mobility and biography," this volume brings together research on aspects of mobility and biography across different times and spaces to open up new interdisciplinary perspectives. Networks, movements and the capacity to become socially or spatially mobile in and across Europe are not only analysed as structural factors, but rather seen as connected to concrete practices of mobility among different groups in the spheres of business, politics and the arts: from Jewish merchants via legal and financial advisors all the way to musicians.
Social mobility --- Mobility, Social --- Sociology --- Business Networks Opportunity Structures. --- European History. --- Migration. --- Transnational Lives.
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This book investigates the impact of the United Nations General Assembly’s 2010 resolution that elevated rights to water and sanitation are stand-alone international human rights. A major goal of creating this new human right was to incentivize governments to prioritize and pursue policies to improve access to affordable, potable water to the more than 750 million people worldwide who lacked access, as well as to provide the more than 2.5 billion people with inadequate sanitation. The book’s chapters use a variety of methodological approaches including qualitative case studies and quantitative studies that draw on data from around the world. The chapters reveal how the global human right to water and sanitation was created, how it has been used in rights struggles around the world, and the extent to which it has improved access to water and sanitation for the world’s most marginalized people.
Humanities --- Social interaction --- Cape Town Day Zero --- water rights --- water scarcity --- water-justice --- water-governance --- inequality --- South Africa --- right to water --- courts --- vulnerable groups --- UN resolutions --- water --- sanitation --- human rights --- human right to water and sanitation --- HRtWS --- natural language processing --- machine learning --- text analysis --- constitutional reform --- legal opportunity structure --- water legal framework --- socioeconomic rights --- Brazil --- Peru --- Colombia --- social movements --- political cost --- advocacy --- activism --- social movement --- socio-economic rights --- United States --- political opportunity --- coalition-building --- collective action --- human rights from below --- human rights to water and sanitation --- water access --- constitutionalisation --- norm diffusion --- opportunity structures --- impact and efficacy of human rights --- human right to water --- drinking water --- irrigation --- marginalised groups --- indigenous communities --- social and economic rights --- human rights critiques --- right to life --- right to environment --- global rights --- evolution of rights --- construction of rights --- Latin America --- South Asia --- Europe --- Africa --- USA
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The English East India Company was one of the most powerful and enduring organizations in history. Between Monopoly and Free Trade locates the source of that success in the innovative policy by which the Company's Court of Directors granted employees the right to pursue their own commercial interests while in the firm's employ. Exploring trade network dynamics, decision-making processes, and ports and organizational context, Emily Erikson demonstrates why the English East India Company was a dominant force in the expansion of trade between Europe and Asia, and she sheds light on the related problems of why England experienced rapid economic development and how the relationship between Europe and Asia shifted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Though the Company held a monopoly on English overseas trade to Asia, the Court of Directors extended the right to trade in Asia to their employees, creating an unusual situation in which employees worked both for themselves and for the Company as overseas merchants. Building on the organizational infrastructure of the Company and the sophisticated commercial institutions of the markets of the East, employees constructed a cohesive internal network of peer communications that directed English trading ships during their voyages. This network integrated Company operations, encouraged innovation, and increased the Company's flexibility, adaptability, and responsiveness to local circumstance. Between Monopoly and Free Trade highlights the dynamic potential of social networks in the early modern era.
History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of Asia --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Free trade --- Capitalism --- Social networks. --- East India Company --- History. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Governor and Company of Merchants of London, Trading into the East Indies --- United Company of Merchants of England, Trading to the East Indies --- English East India Company --- East India Company (English) --- East India Tea Company --- East-India Companie --- United East India Company --- Compagnie des Indes orientales d'Angleterre --- Compagnie unie de marchands d'Angleterre commerçans aux Indes orientales --- Tung Yin-tu kung ssu --- Honourable East-India Company --- Sharikat al-Hind al-Sharqīyah al-Barīṭānīyah --- Engelse Oost-Indische Maatschappy --- Kumpanī-i Hind-i Sharqī --- کمپنى هند شرقى --- English Company Trading to the East-Indies --- Īsṭa Iṇḍiyā Kampanī --- Asia. --- Asian commercial institutions. --- Asian merchants. --- Asian ports. --- Asian trading ports. --- Court of Directors. --- English East India Company. --- English trade patterns. --- Europe. --- Industrial Revolution. --- alternative explanations. --- analytical sociology. --- choosing ports. --- commercial networks. --- comparative analysis. --- corruption. --- decentralization. --- decentralized market exchange. --- decentralized organizational structure. --- decentralized ports. --- early modern period. --- eastern ports. --- economic development. --- economic theory. --- financial networks. --- foreign trade institutions. --- global trade. --- historical change. --- individual-level actions. --- market structure. --- merchant capitalism. --- micro-level behavioral patterns. --- militarization. --- modernity. --- monopoly. --- multilateral commercial network. --- new markets. --- new organizational forms. --- nineteenth century. --- operational decisions. --- opportunity structures. --- organizational background. --- organizational characteristics. --- organizational context. --- organizational incentive structures. --- other East India companies. --- overseas trade expansion. --- overseas trade. --- patterns of innovation. --- private trade allowances. --- private trade. --- small-scale commercial actors. --- social networks. --- trade networks. --- trading decisions. --- trading partnerships. --- trading ships. --- underdevelopment.
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