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This text presents a simple contracting model that captures the role of equity as a safety valve, and shows how it can solve problems posed by opportunists. It also shows that it is often preferable to limit equity, reserving it for use only against those who appear sufficiently likely to be opportunists.
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The monograph presents a study of the manifestations of political opportunism of decision-makers in the formation of state expenditures for social protection and social security in the conditions of financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 in Ukraine. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the political regime and political and socio-economic orientations of Ukrainian society, their role in the implementation of fiscal manipulation. Considering the political conditionality and economic feasibility of decisions aimed at improving social standards during the crisis, the peculiarities of the process of their development, adoption and implementation, as well as the electoral consequences in the post-crisis period are analyzed.
Budget --- Decision making --- Economic policy. --- Finance, Public. --- Financial crises --- Opportunism (Psychology) --- Political aspects
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In Trying Biology, Adam R. Shapiro convincingly dispels many conventional assumptions about the 1925 Scopes "monkey" trial. Most view it as an event driven primarily by a conflict between science and religion. Countering this, Shapiro shows the importance of timing: the Scopes trial occurred at a crucial moment in the history of biology textbook publishing, education reform in Tennessee, and progressive school reform across the country. He places the trial in this broad context-alongside American Protestant antievolution sentiment-and in doing so sheds new light on the trial and the historical relationship of science and religion in America. For the first time we see how religious objections to evolution became a prevailing concern to the American textbook industry even before the Scopes trial began. Shapiro explores both the development of biology textbooks leading up to the trial and the ways in which the textbook industry created new books and presented them as "responses" to the trial. Today, the controversy continues over textbook warning labels, making Shapiro's study-particularly as it plays out in one of America's most famous trials-an original contribution to a timely discussion.
Biology publishing --- Biology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Religion and science --- History. --- Textbooks --- Study and teaching --- Scopes, John Thomas --- Trials, litigation, etc. --- scopes trial, evolution, biology, science, textbooks, antievolution movement, schools, education, religion, tennessee, reform, protestantism, christianity, litigation, history, nonfiction, publishers, authors, politics, common core, standards, creationism, indoctrination, government control, william jennings bryan, high school, sales, capitalism, opportunism, anti-intellectualism, parochialism, greed, graft.
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While freedom of speech has been guaranteed us for centuries, the First Amendment as we know it today is largely a creation of the past eighty years. Eternally Vigilant brings together a group of distinguished legal scholars to reflect boldly on its past, its present shape, and what forms our understanding of it might take in the future. The result is a unique volume spanning the entire spectrum of First Amendment issues, from its philosophical underpinnings to specific issues like campaign regulation, obscenity, and the new media. "With group efforts, such as this collection of essays, it is almost inevitable that there will be a couple-and often several-duds among the bunch, or at least a dismaying repetition of ideas. Such is not the case here. . . . Whether one agrees with a given author or not (and it is possible to do both with any of the essays), each has something to add. Overall, Eternally Vigilant is a thoughtful and thought-provoking book, consistently intelligent and, at times, brilliant."-Richard J. Mollot, New York Law Journal Contributors: Lillian R. BeVier Vincent Blasi Lee C. Bollinger Stanley Fish Owen M. Fiss R. Kent Greenawalt Richard A. Posner Robert C. Post Frederick Schauer Geoffrey R. Stone David A. Strauss Cass R. Sunstein
Freedom of speech --- civil rights, constitutional law, first amendment, us constitution, legal scholars, american government, governing, press, media, affirmative action, diversity, higher education, supreme court, case studies, john milton, brandeis, marketplace of ideas, free speech, freedoms, jurisprudence, opportunism, censorship, television, modern era, social issues.
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Standard economic models assume that many small investors own firms. This is so in most large U.S. firms, but wealthy individuals or families generally hold controlling blocks in smaller U.S. firms and in all firms in most other countries. Given this, the lack of theoretical and empirical work on tightly held firms is surprising. What corporate governance problems arise in tightly held firms? How do these differ from corporate governance problems in widely held firms? How do control blocks arise and how are they maintained? How does concentrated ownership affect economic growth? How should we regulate tightly held firms? Drawing together leading scholars from law, economics, and finance, this volume examines the economic and legal issues of concentrated ownership and their impact on a shifting global economy.
Investment management --- Firms and enterprises --- Industrial concentration --- Stock ownership --- Corporate governance --- Corporate governance. --- Industrial concentration. --- Stock ownership. --- Corporate ownership --- Corporations --- Ownership of stock --- Governance, Corporate --- Combinations, Industrial --- Concentration, Industrial --- Economic concentration --- Ownership --- Property --- Industrial management --- Directors of corporations --- Big business --- Duopolies --- Oligopolies --- Trusts, Industrial --- Competition --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Industrial organization --- E-books --- corporate governance, firms, administration, management, organization, control blocks, concentrated ownership, economic growth, law, economics, finance, industry, venture capital, public, private, trading, investment, canada, taxation, opportunism, trust, inherited wealth, cash-flow rights, dual class equity, cross-ownership, stock pyramids, foreign intermediaries, market business groups, freezeouts, racism, oppression, discrimination, power, nonfiction.
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Mark Bell argues that nuclear weapons are useful for more than just deterrence. Instead, they are leveraged to pursue a wide range of goals in international politics, and the nations that acquire them significantly change their foreign policies as a result. Bell closely examines how these effects vary and what those variations have meant, in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. Countries aren't generically "emboldened"-they change their foreign policies in different ways based on what their priorities are. This has huge policy implications: what would Iran do if it were to get nuclear weapons? Would Japanese policy toward the United States change if it were to acquire nuclear weapons? And what does the looming threat of nuclear weapons mean for the future of foreign policy? Far from being a relic of the Cold War, Bell argues, nuclear weapons are just as important in international politics today as they ever were.
Balance of power. --- International relations. --- Nuclear weapons --- World politics. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Security (National & International). --- Political aspects. --- Nuclear weapons and foreign policy, nuclear opportunism, nuclear emboldenment, what are nuclear weapons useful for, benefits of nuclear weapons,. --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Atomic weapons --- Fusion weapons --- Thermonuclear weapons --- Weapons of mass destruction --- No first use (Nuclear strategy) --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear warfare --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Power, Balance of --- Power politics --- Political realism
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Examining street vending as a global, urban, and informalized practice found both in the Global North and Global South, this volume presents contributions from international scholars working in cities as diverse as Berlin, Dhaka, New York City, Los Angeles, Calcutta, Rio de Janeiro, and Mexico City. The aim of this global approach is to repudiate the assumption that street vending is usually carried out in the Southern hemisphere and to reveal how it also represents an essential—and constantly growing—economic practice in urban centers of the Global North. Although street vending activities vary due to local specificities, this anthology illustrates how these urban practices can also reveal global ties and developments.
Street vendors --- Peddling --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Urban economics --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Hawking --- Huckstering --- Peddlers and peddling --- Direct selling --- Street people (Street vendors) --- Vendors, Street --- Merchants --- Peddlers --- Vending stands --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Social aspects --- Economic aspects --- anthology. --- anthropology. --- berlin. --- business. --- cities. --- city life. --- cooking. --- culture. --- diverse economies. --- economic activity. --- economic practices. --- engaging. --- ethnicity. --- family. --- food and wine. --- global ties. --- harlem. --- history. --- local economies. --- local food. --- marginalized economies. --- mexico city. --- neighbors. --- new york city. --- northern hemisphere. --- nostalgia. --- opportunism. --- retail. --- small business. --- social issues. --- street food. --- street vending. --- street vendors. --- urban centers. --- urban practices.
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Explores the social inequality of clinical drug testing and its effects on scientific resultsImagine that you volunteer for the clinical trial of an experimental drug. The only direct benefit of participating is that you will receive up to.
validity. --- study compensation. --- social world. --- social network. --- social inequality. --- social inequalities. --- serial participation. --- screen failure. --- risk. --- research staff. --- research participation. --- reputation. --- region. --- race. --- qualifying. --- public health. --- profit. --- phase I. --- phase I trials. --- phase I industry. --- phase I clinical trials. --- pharmaceutical industry. --- participation. --- opportunism. --- model organism. --- methods. --- informed consent. --- inclusion-exclusion criteria. --- United States. --- clinic. --- clinical trial culture. --- clinical trials. --- clinics. --- confinement. --- consumption. --- decision making. --- demographics. --- drug development. --- economic interests. --- economic motivations. --- economic need. --- economic risk. --- epistemology. --- health-promoting behavior. --- healthy volunteers. --- identity. --- imbricated stigma. --- Equality.
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Wagner-Pacifici --- Occupy Wall Street --- the Tea Party --- the Tea Party Manifesto --- America --- white privilege --- the stock market crash --- the economic mainstays --- American life --- the Great Depression --- methods and evolution of behavior modification --- history --- government --- game theory --- literature --- anti-communism --- anti-Bible --- the Far-Right --- Yugoslavia --- community and brotherhood --- ethnic cleansing --- paramilitaries --- the U.S. --- collectivist-exclusivism --- collectivist-exclusivist capitalism --- provocation and disinformation --- the bionomic logic of U.S. militant standoffs --- the psycho-social development of militant separatist groups --- identities and crossovers --- Ruby Ridge --- government extremism --- Bo Gritz --- political opportunism --- the Branch Davidian siege --- the BATF --- Millennialism --- publicity --- spin doctors --- terror from the right --- limited government --- the internet
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How magicians exploit the natural functioning of our brains to astonish and amaze usHow do magicians make us see the impossible? The Illusionist Brain takes you on an unforgettable journey through the inner workings of the human mind, revealing how magicians achieve their spectacular and seemingly impossible effects by interfering with your cognitive processes. Along the way, this lively and informative book provides a guided tour of modern neuroscience, using magic as a lens for understanding the unconscious and automatic functioning of our brains.We construct reality from the information stored in our memories and received through our senses, and our brains are remarkably adept at tricking us into believing that our experience is continuous. In fact, our minds create our perception of reality by elaborating meanings and continuities from incomplete information, and while this strategy carries clear benefits for survival, it comes with blind spots that magicians know how to exploit. Jordi Camí and Luis Martínez explore the many different ways illusionists manipulate our attention—making us look but not see—and take advantage of our individual predispositions and fragile memories.The Illusionist Brain draws on the latest findings in neuroscience to explain how magic deceives us, surprises us, and amazes us, and demonstrates how illusionists skillfully “hack” our brains to alter how we perceive things and influence what we imagine.
Optical illusions. --- Magic tricks. --- Neurosciences. --- Algeria. --- Analysis. --- Behavior. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive dissonance. --- Cognitive neuroscience. --- Cryptography. --- Decision-making. --- Everyday life. --- Explanation. --- Fred Kaps. --- French Colonial. --- Genre. --- Grammar. --- Handkerchief. --- Human brain. --- Hypothesis. --- Inference. --- Instance (computer science). --- Learning. --- Long-term memory. --- Magic (illusion). --- Mathematics. --- Metabolism. --- Methods of divination. --- Napoleon III. --- Naturalness (physics). --- Neuron. --- Neuroscience. --- Neuroscientist. --- Opportunism. --- Perception. --- Persi Diaconis. --- Phenomenon. --- Planning. --- Practical reason. --- Problem solving. --- Processing (Chinese materia medica). --- Processing (programming language). --- Psychic. --- Quantity. --- Reason. --- Result. --- Retina. --- Scientist. --- Sense. --- Short-term memory. --- Statistic. --- Theoretician (Marxism). --- Theory. --- Trial and error. --- Visual perception. --- Visual system. --- Western culture. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Conjuring --- Legerdemain --- Parlor magic --- Prestidigitation --- Sleight of hand --- Tricks --- Illusions, Optical --- Hallucinations and illusions --- Physiological optics --- Visual perception --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Neuroscience & Cognitive Neuropsychology
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