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Breast cancer is acknowledged as an international priority in healthcare. It is currently the most common cancer in women worldwide, with demographic trends indicating a continuous increase in incidence. Over the years, increasing efforts and resources have been devoted to the search for a systematic and optimized strategy in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Today, the Breast Unit model is considered the gold standard in order to ensure optimal patient-centered and research-based clinical services through multidisciplinary and integrated management.Surgical treatment has gradually evolved toward less aggressive approaches with the adoption of new therapeutic strategies. The evolution of evidence-based guidelines in such leading disciplines as radiation and medical oncology has led to a steady improvement in survival rates. This Special Issue will highlight innovations in the integrated management of breast cancer, their potential advantages, and the many open issues that still need to be properly defined and addressed.

metastatic breast cancer --- breast surgery --- immune system --- metabolic derangements --- precision medicine --- integrated therapies --- advanced breast cancer --- mTOR inhibitor --- CDK4/6 inhibitor --- endocrine resistance --- breast cancer --- pregnancy --- chemotherapy --- tailoring --- personalization --- DataMart --- real world data --- predictive model --- healthcare --- breast-conserving surgery --- non-palpable breast lesions --- image-guided localization --- preoperative breast localization --- breast ultrasound --- large database --- standardized data collection --- networks --- nipple-sparing mastectomy --- immediate breast reconstruction --- acellular dermal matrix (ADM) --- aesthetic and oncological outcomes --- quality of life --- rare breast cancer --- osteoclast-like giant cells --- gene profiling --- Oncotype Dx --- adjuvant treatment --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- sentinel lymph node --- systemic treatment --- locally advanced breast cancer --- mini-invasive treatment --- liver metastases --- hepatic surgery --- personalized medicine --- sarcopenia --- physical performance --- frailty --- older cancer patients --- clinical trial --- patient enrollment --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- lung cancer --- oncology --- web app --- conventional CT and CT angiography --- DIEP flap planning --- multidisciplinary treatment --- evidence-based medicine --- personalized treatment --- oncological outcomes --- patient quality of life --- normal breast --- breast pathology --- hormone receptor --- hormone expression --- lymphedema --- lymphaticovenous anastomosis --- vascularized lymph node transfer --- lymphatic microsurgery --- radiotherapy --- oligometastatic breast cancer --- locoregional therapy --- CDK4/6 inhibitors --- multidisciplinary --- AMH --- ovarian reserve --- pregnancy desire --- subtypes breast cancer --- miRNAs --- breast cancer treatment --- next-generation-sequencing --- target therapy --- old age --- survival --- vitamin D --- ductal breast cancer --- in situ breast cancer --- lobular breast cancer --- histology --- n/a

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Cancer of the urological sphere is a disease continuously increasing in numbers in the statistics of tumor malignancies in Western countries. Although this fact is mainly due to the contemporary increase of life expectancy of the people in these geographic areas, many other factors do contribute as well to this growth. Urological cancer is a complex and varied disease of different organs and mainly affects the male population. In fact, kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer are regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms in males in most statistics. The female population, however, has also increasingly found itself affected by renal and bladder cancer in the last decade. Considering these altogether, urological cancer is a problem of major concern in developed societies. This Topic Issue of Cancers intends to shed some light into the complexity of this field and will consider all useful and appropriate contributions that scientists and clinicians may provide to improve urological cancer knowledge for patients’ benefit. The precise identification of the molecular routes involved, the diagnostic pathological criteria in the grey zones, the dilemma of T1G3 management, and the possible treatment options between superficial, nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive diseases will be particularly welcomed in this Issue.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- bladder cancer --- radiotherapy --- radiosensitisation --- molecular subtypes --- preclinical studies --- bladder cancer cell lines --- latent cancer --- prostate cancer --- autopsy --- prognostic index --- prediction model --- mortality --- screening trial --- renal cell carcinoma --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- biomarkers --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- prostatic neoplasms --- positron-emission tomography --- decision making --- tumor thrombus --- metastasectomy --- postoperative complications --- oncological outcomes --- radical cystectomy --- AHNAK2 --- prognosis --- dog --- comparative oncology --- inflammation --- prostatic atrophy --- preneoplastic lesion --- biomarker --- urine --- machine learning --- TRIPOD --- liquid biopsy --- glutaminase --- immunohistochemistry --- in situ methods --- prostate --- PSMA-RLT --- 177Lu-PSMA --- PSA --- mCRPC --- urinary bladder neoplasms --- Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) --- immunotherapy --- divergent differentiation --- variant morphology --- survival --- stereotactic body radiotherapy --- frail patients --- cancer --- metastasis --- genomic analysis --- microenvironment --- tumor ecology --- game theory --- fluorescence confocal microscopy --- prostate biopsy --- ablation margins --- focal therapy --- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 --- bladder carcinoma --- cell migration --- epithelial–mesenchymal transition --- FTY-720 --- OIP5 --- papillary renal cell carcinoma --- PLK1 --- tumorigenesis --- therapy --- image-guided --- magnetic resonance imaging --- ultrasonography --- biopsy --- abiraterone --- enzalutamide --- docetaxel --- novel hormonal therapies --- comparative effectiveness --- real-world treatment pattern --- metastatic prostate cancer --- epiplakin --- diagnosis --- advanced urothelial carcinoma --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- prognostic --- tumour mutational board --- genomic signatures --- ctDNA --- inflammatory indices --- urothelial carcinoma --- frailty --- prognostic factor --- psoas muscle --- Hounsfield units --- n/a --- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- Research. --- Chemistry.

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Cancer of the urological sphere is a disease continuously increasing in numbers in the statistics of tumor malignancies in Western countries. Although this fact is mainly due to the contemporary increase of life expectancy of the people in these geographic areas, many other factors do contribute as well to this growth. Urological cancer is a complex and varied disease of different organs and mainly affects the male population. In fact, kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer are regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms in males in most statistics. The female population, however, has also increasingly found itself affected by renal and bladder cancer in the last decade. Considering these altogether, urological cancer is a problem of major concern in developed societies. This Topic Issue of Cancers intends to shed some light into the complexity of this field and will consider all useful and appropriate contributions that scientists and clinicians may provide to improve urological cancer knowledge for patients’ benefit. The precise identification of the molecular routes involved, the diagnostic pathological criteria in the grey zones, the dilemma of T1G3 management, and the possible treatment options between superficial, nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive diseases will be particularly welcomed in this Issue.

Research. --- Chemistry. --- bladder cancer --- radiotherapy --- radiosensitisation --- molecular subtypes --- preclinical studies --- bladder cancer cell lines --- latent cancer --- prostate cancer --- autopsy --- prognostic index --- prediction model --- mortality --- screening trial --- renal cell carcinoma --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- biomarkers --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- prostatic neoplasms --- positron-emission tomography --- decision making --- tumor thrombus --- metastasectomy --- postoperative complications --- oncological outcomes --- radical cystectomy --- AHNAK2 --- prognosis --- dog --- comparative oncology --- inflammation --- prostatic atrophy --- preneoplastic lesion --- biomarker --- urine --- machine learning --- TRIPOD --- liquid biopsy --- glutaminase --- immunohistochemistry --- in situ methods --- prostate --- PSMA-RLT --- 177Lu-PSMA --- PSA --- mCRPC --- urinary bladder neoplasms --- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) --- immunotherapy --- divergent differentiation --- variant morphology --- survival --- stereotactic body radiotherapy --- frail patients --- cancer --- metastasis --- genomic analysis --- microenvironment --- tumor ecology --- game theory --- fluorescence confocal microscopy --- prostate biopsy --- ablation margins --- focal therapy --- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 --- bladder carcinoma --- cell migration --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- FTY-720 --- OIP5 --- papillary renal cell carcinoma --- PLK1 --- tumorigenesis --- therapy --- image-guided --- magnetic resonance imaging --- ultrasonography --- biopsy --- abiraterone --- enzalutamide --- docetaxel --- novel hormonal therapies --- comparative effectiveness --- real-world treatment pattern --- metastatic prostate cancer --- epiplakin --- diagnosis --- advanced urothelial carcinoma --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- prognostic --- tumour mutational board --- genomic signatures --- ctDNA --- inflammatory indices --- urothelial carcinoma --- frailty --- prognostic factor --- psoas muscle --- Hounsfield units