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"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications is an open access scholarly journal devoted to scientific and technological aspects and applications of polymers and oligomers containing carbohydrate. ... Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications will cover most polymers and oligomers containing carbohydrate, including carbohydrate polymers, cyclodextrins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, dendrimers containing carbohydrate, glycopeptide linkages, glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans and proteoglycans. ... From the molecular point of view, characteristics of the carbohydrate-containing molecule will be paramount covering analysis, molecular weight, structure, physicochemical aspects. Enzymic biodegradation and biosynthesis of carbohydrate-containing molecules will also be covered."--Publisher

Polymers --- Oligomers --- Polymers. --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Polymer --- Oligimers --- organic chemistry --- carbohydrate --- polymer --- oligomer --- biochemistry --- Oligomers. --- Polysaccharides --- Biopolymers --- Bioplastics --- Bioplastic --- Biopolymer --- Glycan --- Glycans --- Polysaccharide

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Antioxidative polyphenols represented by tannins and flavonoids are rich in numerous food sources and traditional natural medicines and currently attracting increased attention in health care and food industries because of their multiple biological activities that are favorable to human health. Commemorating the outstanding achievements on tannins by Dr. Takuo Okuda on the occasion of his passing away in December 2016, his colleagues, friends, and worldwide experts of polyphenol research have contributed 18 papers on their recent study to the Special Issue of Molecules. This book is its reprinted form. This covers reviews of structural features, historical usages, and biological activities of unique class of ellagitannins and condensed tannins, and original articles on the most up-to-date findings on the anticancer effect of green tea catechins, the antivirus effect of tannins comparing with the clinically used drugs, the analytical method of ellagitannins using quantitative NMR, the chemical structures of Hydrangea-blue complex (pigment) and condensed tannins in Ephedra sinica and purple prairie clover, and the relationship of condensed tannins in legumes and grape-marc with methane production in the in vitro ruminant system, and others. This book will be useful to natural product chemists and also to researchers in pharmaceutical and/or food industry.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. --- UV-Vis --- methanogenesis --- Lythraceae --- flavanone --- grape marc --- TDDFT --- Ephedra sinica --- macrocyclic oligomer --- triple-negative breast cancer --- antioxidant --- purple prairie clover --- chalcone --- neuraminidase --- fatty acid synthase --- (?)-epigallocatechin gallate --- epidermal growth factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- Aluminum ion --- Onagraceae --- Hydrangea macrophylla --- synthetic analogues --- blue color development --- amyloid-? peptide --- FTIR --- oseltamivir carboxylate --- quantitative NMR --- phloroglucinolysis --- thin layer chromatography --- European historic leathers --- FASN inhibition --- ECD --- colorimetric tests --- taxanes --- cynandione A --- conservation method --- 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid --- ellagitannin --- PC12 --- condensed tannin --- Trapa taiwanensis Nakai --- 1H-NMR --- Acacia --- (?)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate --- Geranium thunbergii --- condensed tannins --- immunomodulatory effect --- Acacia mearnsii bark --- Escherichia coli --- oligomer --- Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction --- lung tumor --- Aspergillus fumigates --- in vitro batch fermentation --- metal complex --- Myrtaceae --- Cynanchum auriculatum --- molecular interactions --- phenolic glycoside --- bamboo leaf extract --- stability --- Microsporum canis --- Cynanchum wilfordii --- thiolysis --- anti-inflammation --- hydrolysable tannin --- geraniin --- NGF --- polyphenol --- revision --- ESI-mass --- bioactivity --- antifungal activities --- interferon-? --- antitumor effect --- tannin composition --- oenothein B --- zanamivir --- 2-O-?-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone --- anticancer activity --- proanthocyanidin --- vegetable tanning --- Dittrichia viscosa --- differentiation --- aurone --- antioxidants --- protein precipitation --- apoptosis --- polyphenolic FASN inhibitors --- forage legume --- biological activities --- ultrahigh-resolution negative mode MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry --- overlay method --- spectroscopy --- wattle tannin --- immune checkpoint --- hormesis --- 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin --- gallotannin --- proanthocyanidins --- fatty acids --- flavonol --- inhibition --- structure --- Candida spp. --- Malassezia spp. --- ORAC assay --- neuroprotection --- crystal structure --- tannins

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This book is a compendium of scientific articles submitted to a Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, fostered by MDPI and curated by Dr. Annamaria Sandomenico and Dr. Menotti Ruvo from the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of the National Research Council. All articles underwent a rigorous peer review and were selected to highlight the properties that make monoclonal antibodies and their functional fragments some of the most useful and versatile assets in therapy and diagnosis.

Technology: general issues --- porcine deltacoronavirus --- nucleocapsid --- monoclonal antibodies --- neurodegenerative disorders --- affibody molecules --- blood–brain barrier --- receptor-mediated transcytosis --- transferrin receptor --- AL amyloidosis --- CD38 --- anti-CD38 MoAb --- Daratumumab --- Isatuximab --- myeloma --- BCMA --- bispecific T-cell engager --- antibody-drug conjugates --- chimeric antigen receptor T-cells --- belantamab mafodotin --- idecabtagene vicleucel --- JNJ-68284528 --- Mabs --- Antibody-Drug Conjugate --- cancer therapy --- drug targeting --- payload --- cross-linking --- antibody fragment --- Fab --- scFv --- E. coli --- YKL-40 --- CHI3L1 --- monoclonal antibody --- phage display --- lung metastasis --- prostate-specific membrane antigen --- in vivo imaging --- prostate cancer --- glutamate carboxypeptidase II --- NAALADase --- immunization --- antibody --- protocol --- guinea pig --- cDNA --- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) --- universal CAR T --- modular CAR T --- universal immune receptor --- CAR adaptor --- adoptive immunotherapy --- split CAR --- bispecific --- polyspecificity --- pharmacokinetics --- solubility --- aggregation --- viscosity --- developability --- stability --- affinity --- specificity --- protein engineering --- self-association --- non-specific binding --- immunogenicity --- antibody fragments --- single chain --- amyloid --- oligomer --- neurotoxicity --- NUsc1

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products are the most successful microbial insecticides to date. This entomopathogenic bacterium produces different kinds of proteins whose specific toxicity has been shown against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes, mites, protozoa, and human cancer cells. Some of these proteins are accumulated in parasporal crystals during the sporulation phase (Cry and Cyt proteins), whereas other proteins are secreted in the vegetative phase of growth (Vip and Sip toxins). Currently, insecticidal proteins belonging to different groups (Cry and Vip3 proteins) are widely used to control insect pests and vectors both in formulated sprays and in transgenic crops (the so-called Bt crops). Despite the extensive use of these proteins in insect pest control, especially Cry and Vip3, their mode of action is not completely understood. The aim of this Special Issue was to gather information that could summarize (in the form of review papers) or expand (research papers) the knowledge of the structure and function of Bt proteins, as well as shed light on their mode of action, especially regarding the insect receptors. This subject has generated great interest, and this interest has been materialized into the 18 papers of important scientific value in the field (5 reviews and 13 research papers) that have been compiled in this issue.

Research & information: general --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Plutella xylostella --- Cry1Ac resistance --- trypsin-like midgut protease --- protoxin activation --- Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera --- Mamestra brassicae --- Anticarsia gemmatalis --- Ostrinia furnacalis --- Cry2Ab toxin --- Bombyx mori --- ATP-binding cassette subfamily a member 2 (ABCA2) --- genome editing --- transcription activator-like effector-nucleases (TALENs) --- HEK293T cell --- functional receptor --- Vip3Aa --- lysosome --- mitochondria --- apoptosis --- Sf9 cells --- Cry1Ab --- oligomer formation --- Sf21 cell line --- Ostrinia nubilalis --- Lobesia botrana --- Leptinotarsa decemlineata --- bioassay --- Cyt2Aa2 toxin --- protein-lipid binding --- erythrocyte membrane --- AFM --- QCM-D --- Asian corn borer --- ABCC2 --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Cry1Fa --- resistance --- chitin-binding protein --- adhesion --- peritrophic matrix --- Vip3A --- Spodoptera litura --- site-directed mutagenesis --- Cry --- Cyt --- parasporins --- S-layer proteins --- Vip --- Sip --- membrane receptors --- insecticidal activity --- anticancer activity --- Aedes aegypti --- minor proteins --- synergy --- mosquito control --- Bti --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- cadherin --- mode of action of Cry toxin --- insecticidal proteins --- insect resistance --- tobacco budworm --- Bacillus thuringiensis proteins --- coleopteran pests --- structure --- mode of action --- 3D-structure --- biological control --- antimicrobial peptide --- gut microbiota --- vegetative insecticidal proteins --- pyramids --- 3D-Cry toxins --- in vitro evolution --- rational design --- toxin enhancement --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Plutella xylostella --- Cry1Ac resistance --- trypsin-like midgut protease --- protoxin activation --- Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera --- Mamestra brassicae --- Anticarsia gemmatalis --- Ostrinia furnacalis --- Cry2Ab toxin --- Bombyx mori --- ATP-binding cassette subfamily a member 2 (ABCA2) --- genome editing --- transcription activator-like effector-nucleases (TALENs) --- HEK293T cell --- functional receptor --- Vip3Aa --- lysosome --- mitochondria --- apoptosis --- Sf9 cells --- Cry1Ab --- oligomer formation --- Sf21 cell line --- Ostrinia nubilalis --- Lobesia botrana --- Leptinotarsa decemlineata --- bioassay --- Cyt2Aa2 toxin --- protein-lipid binding --- erythrocyte membrane --- AFM --- QCM-D --- Asian corn borer --- ABCC2 --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Cry1Fa --- resistance --- chitin-binding protein --- adhesion --- peritrophic matrix --- Vip3A --- Spodoptera litura --- site-directed mutagenesis --- Cry --- Cyt --- parasporins --- S-layer proteins --- Vip --- Sip --- membrane receptors --- insecticidal activity --- anticancer activity --- Aedes aegypti --- minor proteins --- synergy --- mosquito control --- Bti --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- cadherin --- mode of action of Cry toxin --- insecticidal proteins --- insect resistance --- tobacco budworm --- Bacillus thuringiensis proteins --- coleopteran pests --- structure --- mode of action --- 3D-structure --- biological control --- antimicrobial peptide --- gut microbiota --- vegetative insecticidal proteins --- pyramids --- 3D-Cry toxins --- in vitro evolution --- rational design --- toxin enhancement

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products are the most successful microbial insecticides to date. This entomopathogenic bacterium produces different kinds of proteins whose specific toxicity has been shown against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes, mites, protozoa, and human cancer cells. Some of these proteins are accumulated in parasporal crystals during the sporulation phase (Cry and Cyt proteins), whereas other proteins are secreted in the vegetative phase of growth (Vip and Sip toxins). Currently, insecticidal proteins belonging to different groups (Cry and Vip3 proteins) are widely used to control insect pests and vectors both in formulated sprays and in transgenic crops (the so-called Bt crops). Despite the extensive use of these proteins in insect pest control, especially Cry and Vip3, their mode of action is not completely understood. The aim of this Special Issue was to gather information that could summarize (in the form of review papers) or expand (research papers) the knowledge of the structure and function of Bt proteins, as well as shed light on their mode of action, especially regarding the insect receptors. This subject has generated great interest, and this interest has been materialized into the 18 papers of important scientific value in the field (5 reviews and 13 research papers) that have been compiled in this issue.

Research & information: general --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Plutella xylostella --- Cry1Ac resistance --- trypsin-like midgut protease --- protoxin activation --- Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera --- Mamestra brassicae --- Anticarsia gemmatalis --- Ostrinia furnacalis --- Cry2Ab toxin --- Bombyx mori --- ATP-binding cassette subfamily a member 2 (ABCA2) --- genome editing --- transcription activator-like effector-nucleases (TALENs) --- HEK293T cell --- functional receptor --- Vip3Aa --- lysosome --- mitochondria --- apoptosis --- Sf9 cells --- Cry1Ab --- oligomer formation --- Sf21 cell line --- Ostrinia nubilalis --- Lobesia botrana --- Leptinotarsa decemlineata --- bioassay --- Cyt2Aa2 toxin --- protein-lipid binding --- erythrocyte membrane --- AFM --- QCM-D --- Asian corn borer --- ABCC2 --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Cry1Fa --- resistance --- chitin-binding protein --- adhesion --- peritrophic matrix --- Vip3A --- Spodoptera litura --- site-directed mutagenesis --- Cry --- Cyt --- parasporins --- S-layer proteins --- Vip --- Sip --- membrane receptors --- insecticidal activity --- anticancer activity --- Aedes aegypti --- minor proteins --- synergy --- mosquito control --- Bti --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- cadherin --- mode of action of Cry toxin --- insecticidal proteins --- insect resistance --- tobacco budworm --- Bacillus thuringiensis proteins --- coleopteran pests --- structure --- mode of action --- 3D-structure --- biological control --- antimicrobial peptide --- gut microbiota --- vegetative insecticidal proteins --- pyramids --- 3D-Cry toxins --- in vitro evolution --- rational design --- toxin enhancement --- n/a