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Earth’s weather and climate are complex nonlinear systems of dynamical/thermodynamical processes that are highly variable on all spatiotemporal scales. The analysis and prediction of those processes and their feedbacks with the other systems of the biosphere (land and ocean), from the viewpoints of both atmospheric science and dynamics/thermodynamics, can improve our knowledge and have a great impact on society. The main aim of this Special Issue was to gather observational, theoretical and modeling studies on the dynamics of the atmosphere and the climate system, as well as on their predictability at different spatiotemporal scales.

drought --- forecasting --- Latin America --- Lagrangian numerical method --- ocean modeling --- ocean mixing --- atmospheric sounding --- Costa Rica --- GPS --- MODIS --- precipitable water vapor --- Blizzards --- blowing snow --- climatology --- self-organizing maps --- synoptic typing --- anthropogenic land cover changes --- hydrological model MIKE-SHE --- time-series statistical analysis --- trend analysis --- Spercheios river basin --- cold fronts --- Mediterranean --- identification scheme --- Frontal Tracking Scheme (FTS) --- MedFTS

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This Special Issue includes papers on physical phenomena, such as wind-driven flows, coastal flooding, and turbidity currents, and modeling techniques, such as model comparison, model coupling, parallel computation, and domain decomposition. These papers illustrate the need for modeling coastal ocean flows with multiple physical processes at different scales. Additionally, these papers reflect the current status of such modeling of coastal ocean flows, and they present a roadmap with numerical methods, data collection, and artificial intelligence as future endeavors.

high performance computing --- HPC --- PETSc --- parallelization --- scalability --- parallel performance --- streams --- curvilinear --- non-hydrostatic --- ocean modeling --- GCCOM --- open boundaries --- domain decomposition --- variational data assimilation --- inverse problems --- shallow water equations --- boundary conditions --- mathematical modelling --- coastal ocean modelling --- computational methods --- hydrodynamic --- modeling --- sea level rise --- mobile application --- app --- crowdsourcing --- SCHISM --- Tidewatch --- StormSense --- Catch the King --- downstream blocking --- compound flooding --- coastal storm surge and inundation --- explosive lateral flooding --- hurricane inland and upland flooding --- coastal modelling --- operational forecasting --- model evaluation --- inter-comparison --- NEMO --- FVCOM --- Ocean Protection Plan --- turbidity current --- suspended sediment --- numerical model --- Gulf of Mexico --- cold front --- Hurricane Barry --- numerical simulation --- subtidal hydrodynamics --- multi-inlet --- volume flux --- multiscale --- multiphysics --- model coupling --- data collection --- machine learning

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This Special Issue includes papers on physical phenomena, such as wind-driven flows, coastal flooding, and turbidity currents, and modeling techniques, such as model comparison, model coupling, parallel computation, and domain decomposition. These papers illustrate the need for modeling coastal ocean flows with multiple physical processes at different scales. Additionally, these papers reflect the current status of such modeling of coastal ocean flows, and they present a roadmap with numerical methods, data collection, and artificial intelligence as future endeavors.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- high performance computing --- HPC --- PETSc --- parallelization --- scalability --- parallel performance --- streams --- curvilinear --- non-hydrostatic --- ocean modeling --- GCCOM --- open boundaries --- domain decomposition --- variational data assimilation --- inverse problems --- shallow water equations --- boundary conditions --- mathematical modelling --- coastal ocean modelling --- computational methods --- hydrodynamic --- modeling --- sea level rise --- mobile application --- app --- crowdsourcing --- SCHISM --- Tidewatch --- StormSense --- Catch the King --- downstream blocking --- compound flooding --- coastal storm surge and inundation --- explosive lateral flooding --- hurricane inland and upland flooding --- coastal modelling --- operational forecasting --- model evaluation --- inter-comparison --- NEMO --- FVCOM --- Ocean Protection Plan --- turbidity current --- suspended sediment --- numerical model --- Gulf of Mexico --- cold front --- Hurricane Barry --- numerical simulation --- subtidal hydrodynamics --- multi-inlet --- volume flux --- multiscale --- multiphysics --- model coupling --- data collection --- machine learning --- high performance computing --- HPC --- PETSc --- parallelization --- scalability --- parallel performance --- streams --- curvilinear --- non-hydrostatic --- ocean modeling --- GCCOM --- open boundaries --- domain decomposition --- variational data assimilation --- inverse problems --- shallow water equations --- boundary conditions --- mathematical modelling --- coastal ocean modelling --- computational methods --- hydrodynamic --- modeling --- sea level rise --- mobile application --- app --- crowdsourcing --- SCHISM --- Tidewatch --- StormSense --- Catch the King --- downstream blocking --- compound flooding --- coastal storm surge and inundation --- explosive lateral flooding --- hurricane inland and upland flooding --- coastal modelling --- operational forecasting --- model evaluation --- inter-comparison --- NEMO --- FVCOM --- Ocean Protection Plan --- turbidity current --- suspended sediment --- numerical model --- Gulf of Mexico --- cold front --- Hurricane Barry --- numerical simulation --- subtidal hydrodynamics --- multi-inlet --- volume flux --- multiscale --- multiphysics --- model coupling --- data collection --- machine learning

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This book covers different topics in the framework of remote sensing of the oceans. Latest research advancements and brand-new studies are presented that address the exploitation of remote sensing instruments and simulation tools to improve the understanding of ocean processes and enable cutting-edge applications with the aim of preserving the ocean environment and supporting the blue economy. Hence, this book provides a reference framework for state-of-the-art remote sensing methods that deal with the generation of added-value products and the geophysical information retrieval in related fields, including: Oil spill detection and discrimination; Analysis of tropical cyclones and sea echoes; Shoreline and aquaculture area extraction; Monitoring coastal marine litter and moving vessels; Processing of SAR, HF radar and UAV measurements.

Research & information: general --- ocean modeling --- counter-flow --- vertical migration --- Kuroshio intrusion --- marine economy --- storm surge --- tropical cyclone size (TC size) --- ideal test --- marine-economic effects --- Northern East China Sea (NECS) --- surface currents --- HF radar --- eddy detection algorithms --- general compact polarimetry --- hybrid dual-polarization --- oil spill discrimination --- target decomposition --- ocean environment --- oil spill --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- polarimetric decomposition --- superpixel --- convolutional neural networks --- unmanned-aerial-vehicles --- UAVs --- anthropogenic-marine-debris --- AMD --- beached-marine-litter --- BML --- marine-protected-areas --- MPA --- ortho-photo --- marine-pollution --- accumulation-rate --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- moving vessel --- multicomponent polynomial phase signal(mc-PPS) --- adaptive joint time-frequency (AJTF) decomposition --- co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization --- airborne HF/VHF radar --- sea echo --- mathematical model --- radar cross section --- marine raft aquaculture --- Sentinel-1 --- nonsubsampled contourlet transform --- semantic segmentation --- fully convolutional network --- SAR images --- shoreline extraction --- geometric active contour model --- SAR --- sentinel-1 --- low-backscattering areas --- azimuth autocorrelation function --- n/a

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This book covers different topics in the framework of remote sensing of the oceans. Latest research advancements and brand-new studies are presented that address the exploitation of remote sensing instruments and simulation tools to improve the understanding of ocean processes and enable cutting-edge applications with the aim of preserving the ocean environment and supporting the blue economy. Hence, this book provides a reference framework for state-of-the-art remote sensing methods that deal with the generation of added-value products and the geophysical information retrieval in related fields, including: Oil spill detection and discrimination; Analysis of tropical cyclones and sea echoes; Shoreline and aquaculture area extraction; Monitoring coastal marine litter and moving vessels; Processing of SAR, HF radar and UAV measurements.

Research & information: general --- ocean modeling --- counter-flow --- vertical migration --- Kuroshio intrusion --- marine economy --- storm surge --- tropical cyclone size (TC size) --- ideal test --- marine-economic effects --- Northern East China Sea (NECS) --- surface currents --- HF radar --- eddy detection algorithms --- general compact polarimetry --- hybrid dual-polarization --- oil spill discrimination --- target decomposition --- ocean environment --- oil spill --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- polarimetric decomposition --- superpixel --- convolutional neural networks --- unmanned-aerial-vehicles --- UAVs --- anthropogenic-marine-debris --- AMD --- beached-marine-litter --- BML --- marine-protected-areas --- MPA --- ortho-photo --- marine-pollution --- accumulation-rate --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- moving vessel --- multicomponent polynomial phase signal(mc-PPS) --- adaptive joint time-frequency (AJTF) decomposition --- co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization --- airborne HF/VHF radar --- sea echo --- mathematical model --- radar cross section --- marine raft aquaculture --- Sentinel-1 --- nonsubsampled contourlet transform --- semantic segmentation --- fully convolutional network --- SAR images --- shoreline extraction --- geometric active contour model --- SAR --- sentinel-1 --- low-backscattering areas --- azimuth autocorrelation function --- ocean modeling --- counter-flow --- vertical migration --- Kuroshio intrusion --- marine economy --- storm surge --- tropical cyclone size (TC size) --- ideal test --- marine-economic effects --- Northern East China Sea (NECS) --- surface currents --- HF radar --- eddy detection algorithms --- general compact polarimetry --- hybrid dual-polarization --- oil spill discrimination --- target decomposition --- ocean environment --- oil spill --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- polarimetric decomposition --- superpixel --- convolutional neural networks --- unmanned-aerial-vehicles --- UAVs --- anthropogenic-marine-debris --- AMD --- beached-marine-litter --- BML --- marine-protected-areas --- MPA --- ortho-photo --- marine-pollution --- accumulation-rate --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- moving vessel --- multicomponent polynomial phase signal(mc-PPS) --- adaptive joint time-frequency (AJTF) decomposition --- co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization --- airborne HF/VHF radar --- sea echo --- mathematical model --- radar cross section --- marine raft aquaculture --- Sentinel-1 --- nonsubsampled contourlet transform --- semantic segmentation --- fully convolutional network --- SAR images --- shoreline extraction --- geometric active contour model --- SAR --- sentinel-1 --- low-backscattering areas --- azimuth autocorrelation function