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This chapter lays out a set of procedures to investigate visual and verbal frames in news packages with an integrated approach. It provides an updated literature review on how audiovisual analyses can be conducted, reveals strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, and adapts this advice to the necessities of visual news framing analyses. With a focus on issue framing, researchers will be guided through all the stages of the process from data collection to data analysis. Practical questions will be addressed, such as those concerning the unit of analysis, the preparation of the material, and strategies for frame identification and analysis. The chapter provides specific advice about how the interplay between verbal and visual frames in a news package can be measured in quantitative studies. All steps will be exemplified using a news package. The step-by-step delineation of a methodological approach to integrative framing analysis proposed here aims to spur more integrative studies and, through this, enhance our understanding of how journalists and their editors frame issues.

#SBIB:309H1015 --- #SBIB:309H1010 --- Media: politieke, juridische, ethische, ideologische aspecten (incl. privacy) --- Organisatorische aspecten van de media: algemene werken (incl. journalistiek) --- #SBIB:309H1025 --- Mediaboodschappen met een informatieve functie --- Journalism --- Social aspects --- Objectivity --- Social aspects. --- Objectivity. --- nyhetsrammer --- nyheter --- journalistikk --- rammeanalyse --- nyhetsanalyse --- begrepsrammer --- nyhetsvinkling --- dagsnytt --- rammeforståelse --- objektivitet --- Press --- Bias in journalism --- Slanted news --- Journalistic ethics --- Press and propaganda --- Journalism - Social aspects --- Journalism - Objectivity

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This investigation of the overwhelming appeal of quantification in the modern world discusses the development of cultural meanings of objectivity over two centuries. How are we to account for the current prestige and power of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is seen as desirable in social and economic investigation as a result of its successes in the study of nature. Theodore Porter is not content with this. Why should the kind of success achieved in the study of stars, molecules, or cells be an attractive model for research on human societies? he asks. And, indeed, how should we understand the pervasiveness of quantification in the sciences of nature? In his view, we should look in the reverse direction: comprehending the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research will teach us something new about its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Drawing on a wide range of examples from the laboratory and from the worlds of accounting, insurance, cost-benefit analysis, and civil engineering, Porter shows that it is "exactly wrong" to interpret the drive for quantitative rigor as inherent somehow in the activity of science except where political and social pressures force compromise. Instead, quantification grows from attempts to develop a strategy of impersonality in response to pressures from outside. Objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts, quantification becoming most important where elites are weak, where private negotiation is suspect, and where trust is in short supply.

Methodology of economics --- Science --- Objectivity. --- Sciences --- Objectivité --- Social aspects. --- Aspect social --- Objectivity --- -sciences sociales --- mathematiques --- statistique --- theories economiques --- secteur public --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Reality --- Personal equation --- Social aspects --- sociale wetenschappen --- wiskunde --- statistiek --- economische theorieen --- openbare sector --- Objectivité --- Science -- Social aspects. --- sciences sociales --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Science. --- objektivitet --- presisjon --- nøyaktighet --- tallbegrepet --- filosofi --- samfunn --- samfunnsvitenskap --- kvantifisering --- vitenskap --- sosiale --- aspekter --- kvantiative --- metoder --- kvantitative --- Monograph --- Science - Social aspects. --- SCIENCE --- SOCIAL ASPECTS --- OBJECTIVITY --- Objectivite

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When we encounter a news story, why do we accept its version of events? A complicated set of cultural, structural, and technological relationships inform this interaction, and Journalistic Authority provides a relational theory for explaining how journalists attain authority. The book argues that authority is not a thing to be possessed or lost, but a quality of the connections between those laying claim to being an authority and those who assent to it. Matt Carlson examines the practices journalists use to legitimate their work: professional orientation, development of specific news forms, and the personal narratives they circulate to support a privileged social place. He then considers journalists' relationships with the audiences, sources, technologies, and critics that shape journalistic authority in the contemporary media environment. Carlson argues that journalistic authority is always the product of complex and variable relationships. By creating a schema to account for this complexity, he presents a new model for critiquing journalism while advocating for the norms and practices we want to be authoritative.

Journalism --- Journalistic ethics --- Digital media --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- History --- Objectivity --- journalistikk --- nyhetsjournalistikk --- digitale medier --- digital media --- etikk --- autoritet --- objektivitet --- Journalism - Objectivity - United States --- Journalistic ethics - United States --- Journalism - United States - History - 21st century --- Digital media - United States --- Presse --- Journalistes --- Journalisme --- Médias numériques --- Objectivité --- Déontologie --- Histoire --- Médias numériques --- Objectivité --- Déontologie