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Food insecurity is a complex ‘wicked’ problem that results from a range of unstable and uncertain physical, social, cultural and economic factors that limits access to nutritious food. Globally, 800 million people are under-nourished, and around 2 billion are overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiency. These populations are largely positioned in developing countries where disease burden is high and impacts health budgets and productivity. Similarly developed countries, cities and neighbourhoods are experiencing a greater emergence of vulnerable populations. This is in part explained by the change in the food production and manufacturing, the retraction in economic climates, the increase in food price, and in some regions reduced food availability and access.Vulnerable groups include but are not limited to migrant populations, Indigenous people, elderly, pregnant women, those with disability, homeless, young children and youth. Poor nutrition at significant periods of growth and development and during life impact long term health outcomes increasing non-communicable disease prevalence, health cost and reducing economic productivity.

self-esteem --- n/a --- lunch --- energy density --- school performance --- refugees --- dietary patterns --- consumption of fruits and vegetables --- food pantry --- Malaysia --- vulnerable groups --- village chickens --- Social Cognitive Theory --- nutrition education --- Student Assistance Program --- low-income undergraduate students --- children --- abdominal obesity --- livestock --- self-efficacy --- emergency food assistance --- food insecurity --- obesity --- knowledge --- Obesity --- rural populations --- Tanzania --- low-income population --- BMI-for-age --- in-depth interview --- fruit and vegetables --- metabolic syndrome --- malnutrition --- popular restaurant --- nutrition --- school intervention --- rural children --- double burden of malnutrition --- women --- co-design --- challenges --- fat mass --- adolescent health --- welfare home --- training --- adiposity markers --- Orang Asli --- sub-Saharan Africa --- charitable food sector --- food literacy --- place-based --- feeding practices --- child stunting --- dietary quality --- public health --- nutrition security --- socioeconomics --- undernutrition --- primary health care --- HFIAS --- resource-poor settings --- food assistance --- Palestine --- Lebanon --- tertiary education --- infant feeding --- refugee --- animal-source food --- pediatrics --- food security --- low-income --- breastfeeding --- food poverty --- body image --- Indonesia

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.

climate change --- combined drought and heat stress --- drought --- heat --- landraces --- maize --- Rhododendron --- conservation strategies --- genetic differentiation --- gene flow --- populations contraction --- AFLP --- genetic diversity --- invasive --- Poaceae --- population genetics --- range expansion --- genebanks --- forage germplasm --- grasses --- legumes --- seed storage --- conservation --- seed longevity --- seed germination --- monitoring --- regeneration --- pea landraces --- Amorgos --- Schinoussa --- DNA Barcoding --- ISSR genotyping --- HRM analysis --- powdery mildew --- ex situ conservation --- germination --- longevity --- plant genetic resources --- agrobiodiversity --- genebank --- genebank management --- seed physiology --- seed quality management --- Carthamus tinctorius --- genotyping by sequencing --- germplasm characterization --- GWAS --- oilseed crop --- DArT markers --- macadamia --- dendrogram --- principal coordinate analysis --- population structure --- wild species --- malnutrition --- food security --- vegetables --- genetic resources --- home gardens --- community seedbanks --- variety introduction --- vegetable breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- statistical modelling --- phenotypic breeding --- genomic selection --- Solanum chacoense --- stress tolerance --- Brassica oleracea --- diversity --- SNP --- atolls --- leafy vegetables --- non-communicable diseases (NCD) --- nutrition security --- mineral nutrients --- natural biofortification --- crop wild relatives --- biological features --- use --- local --- national and global efforts --- policy --- gene donors --- pre-breeding --- breeding --- cross-sectoral collaboration --- crop wild relatives (CWR) --- drylands --- Kitui county --- wild food plants --- Cyprus --- domestication --- microsatellites --- Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa --- Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris --- Fraxinus spp. --- manna --- local varieties nSSR --- cpSSR --- cytometry --- morphological traits --- documentation --- agricultural biodiversity --- wheat --- genome-wide association studies --- association mapping --- stripe rust --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidants --- catechin --- Erodium crassifolium --- underutilized species --- agro-biodiversity --- centres of origin --- geographic distribution --- phylogenetic diversity --- useful plants --- Vavilov centres --- plant breeding --- climate change adaptation --- developing countries --- Punica protopunica Balf. --- Punica granatum L. --- Punica genera --- Lythraceae --- nitrogen fixation --- symbiosis --- bean --- landrace --- PPB --- participatory breeding --- climate resilient --- Honduras --- banana --- desiccation tolerance --- Musa --- Papua New Guinea --- seed conservation --- seed storage behaviour --- crop diversity --- drought tolerance --- genetic approaches --- neglected and underutilized species --- plant genetic resources for food and agriculture --- access and benefit sharing --- multilateral system --- CGIAR --- nutrition data --- multi-sectoral collaboration --- payment for ecosystem services --- payment for environmental services --- agrobiodiversity conservation --- agricultural adaptation --- clonal crops --- collection management --- cryobiotechnology --- cryopreservation --- field collections --- field maintenance --- germplasm storage --- in vitro conservation --- recalcitrant seeds --- genetic erosion --- ex situ and in situ conservation --- diversification --- sustainability --- food and nutrition security --- crop genetic resources --- diagnostics --- germplasm --- crop breeding --- pathogen --- pest --- Plant Treaty --- phytosanitary regulations --- transboundary pests --- invasive species --- prevention --- quarantine --- seed --- seed health --- virus indexing

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- climate change --- combined drought and heat stress --- drought --- heat --- landraces --- maize --- Rhododendron --- conservation strategies --- genetic differentiation --- gene flow --- populations contraction --- AFLP --- genetic diversity --- invasive --- Poaceae --- population genetics --- range expansion --- genebanks --- forage germplasm --- grasses --- legumes --- seed storage --- conservation --- seed longevity --- seed germination --- monitoring --- regeneration --- pea landraces --- Amorgos --- Schinoussa --- DNA Barcoding --- ISSR genotyping --- HRM analysis --- powdery mildew --- ex situ conservation --- germination --- longevity --- plant genetic resources --- agrobiodiversity --- genebank --- genebank management --- seed physiology --- seed quality management --- Carthamus tinctorius --- genotyping by sequencing --- germplasm characterization --- GWAS --- oilseed crop --- DArT markers --- macadamia --- dendrogram --- principal coordinate analysis --- population structure --- wild species --- malnutrition --- food security --- vegetables --- genetic resources --- home gardens --- community seedbanks --- variety introduction --- vegetable breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- statistical modelling --- phenotypic breeding --- genomic selection --- Solanum chacoense --- stress tolerance --- Brassica oleracea --- diversity --- SNP --- atolls --- leafy vegetables --- non-communicable diseases (NCD) --- nutrition security --- mineral nutrients --- natural biofortification --- crop wild relatives --- biological features --- use --- local --- national and global efforts --- policy --- gene donors --- pre-breeding --- breeding --- cross-sectoral collaboration --- crop wild relatives (CWR) --- drylands --- Kitui county --- wild food plants --- Cyprus --- domestication --- microsatellites --- Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa --- Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris --- Fraxinus spp. --- manna --- local varieties nSSR --- cpSSR --- cytometry --- morphological traits --- documentation --- agricultural biodiversity --- wheat --- genome-wide association studies --- association mapping --- stripe rust --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidants --- catechin --- Erodium crassifolium --- underutilized species --- agro-biodiversity --- centres of origin --- geographic distribution --- phylogenetic diversity --- useful plants --- Vavilov centres --- plant breeding --- climate change adaptation --- developing countries --- Punica protopunica Balf. --- Punica granatum L. --- Punica genera --- Lythraceae --- nitrogen fixation --- symbiosis --- bean --- landrace --- PPB --- participatory breeding --- climate resilient --- Honduras --- banana --- desiccation tolerance --- Musa --- Papua New Guinea --- seed conservation --- seed storage behaviour --- crop diversity --- drought tolerance --- genetic approaches --- neglected and underutilized species --- plant genetic resources for food and agriculture --- access and benefit sharing --- multilateral system --- CGIAR --- nutrition data --- multi-sectoral collaboration --- payment for ecosystem services --- payment for environmental services --- agrobiodiversity conservation --- agricultural adaptation --- clonal crops --- collection management --- cryobiotechnology --- cryopreservation --- field collections --- field maintenance --- germplasm storage --- in vitro conservation --- recalcitrant seeds --- genetic erosion --- ex situ and in situ conservation --- diversification --- sustainability --- food and nutrition security --- crop genetic resources --- diagnostics --- germplasm --- crop breeding --- pathogen --- pest --- Plant Treaty --- phytosanitary regulations --- transboundary pests --- invasive species --- prevention --- quarantine --- seed --- seed health --- virus indexing --- climate change --- combined drought and heat stress --- drought --- heat --- landraces --- maize --- Rhododendron --- conservation strategies --- genetic differentiation --- gene flow --- populations contraction --- AFLP --- genetic diversity --- invasive --- Poaceae --- population genetics --- range expansion --- genebanks --- forage germplasm --- grasses --- legumes --- seed storage --- conservation --- seed longevity --- seed germination --- monitoring --- regeneration --- pea landraces --- Amorgos --- Schinoussa --- DNA Barcoding --- ISSR genotyping --- HRM analysis --- powdery mildew --- ex situ conservation --- germination --- longevity --- plant genetic resources --- agrobiodiversity --- genebank --- genebank management --- seed physiology --- seed quality management --- Carthamus tinctorius --- genotyping by sequencing --- germplasm characterization --- GWAS --- oilseed crop --- DArT markers --- macadamia --- dendrogram --- principal coordinate analysis --- population structure --- wild species --- malnutrition --- food security --- vegetables --- genetic resources --- home gardens --- community seedbanks --- variety introduction --- vegetable breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- statistical modelling --- phenotypic breeding --- genomic selection --- Solanum chacoense --- stress tolerance --- Brassica oleracea --- diversity --- SNP --- atolls --- leafy vegetables --- non-communicable diseases (NCD) --- nutrition security --- mineral nutrients --- natural biofortification --- crop wild relatives --- biological features --- use --- local --- national and global efforts --- policy --- gene donors --- pre-breeding --- breeding --- cross-sectoral collaboration --- crop wild relatives (CWR) --- drylands --- Kitui county --- wild food plants --- Cyprus --- domestication --- microsatellites --- Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa --- Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris --- Fraxinus spp. --- manna --- local varieties nSSR --- cpSSR --- cytometry --- morphological traits --- documentation --- agricultural biodiversity --- wheat --- genome-wide association studies --- association mapping --- stripe rust --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidants --- catechin --- Erodium crassifolium --- underutilized species --- agro-biodiversity --- centres of origin --- geographic distribution --- phylogenetic diversity --- useful plants --- Vavilov centres --- plant breeding --- climate change adaptation --- developing countries --- Punica protopunica Balf. --- Punica granatum L. --- Punica genera --- Lythraceae --- nitrogen fixation --- symbiosis --- bean --- landrace --- PPB --- participatory breeding --- climate resilient --- Honduras --- banana --- desiccation tolerance --- Musa --- Papua New Guinea --- seed conservation --- seed storage behaviour --- crop diversity --- drought tolerance --- genetic approaches --- neglected and underutilized species --- plant genetic resources for food and agriculture --- access and benefit sharing --- multilateral system --- CGIAR --- nutrition data --- multi-sectoral collaboration --- payment for ecosystem services --- payment for environmental services --- agrobiodiversity conservation --- agricultural adaptation --- clonal crops --- collection management --- cryobiotechnology --- cryopreservation --- field collections --- field maintenance --- germplasm storage --- in vitro conservation --- recalcitrant seeds --- genetic erosion --- ex situ and in situ conservation --- diversification --- sustainability --- food and nutrition security --- crop genetic resources --- diagnostics --- germplasm --- crop breeding --- pathogen --- pest --- Plant Treaty --- phytosanitary regulations --- transboundary pests --- invasive species --- prevention --- quarantine --- seed --- seed health --- virus indexing

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The Special Issue, entitled “Forest, Food and Nutrition”, is focused on understanding of the intersection and linking existing between forests, food, and nutrition. Forest ecosystems are an important biodiversity environment resource for many species. Forests and trees play a key role in food production and have a relevant impact also on nutrition. Plants and animals in the forests enable nutrient-rich food sources to be available, and can provide important contributions to dietary diversity, quality, and quantity.

pteridophytes --- ferns --- antioxidant --- tyrosinase inhibition --- cosmetics --- Polypodiopsida --- heavy metal contamination --- herbal medicine --- historically polluted area --- wild food --- blackberry --- mangrove forest --- local communities --- Ayeyarwaddy region --- Myanmar --- economic --- livelihoods --- Chamaemelum fuscatum --- chamomile --- essential oil --- aliphatic esters --- methacrylate --- Compositae --- Mediterranean --- Cyclocarya paliurus --- seasonal dynamic --- phenolic acids --- flavonoids --- antioxidant activity --- structure-activity relationship --- flavonoid --- phenolics --- triterpenoid --- solvent --- natural population --- Ulmus pumila --- transcriptome analysis --- phytonutrients --- seed development --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- ciwujia --- Siberian ginseng --- Acanthopanax --- secondary metabolite --- Changbai Mountains --- Khingan Mountains --- walnut (Juglans regia L.) --- electrochemical oxidation --- UV-VIS --- ABTS --- DPPH --- edible landscape --- food security --- urban horticulture --- community garden --- auxin --- biocontrol --- chitinase --- fruit --- fungal pathogen --- jujube --- Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 --- mineral concentration --- production --- Rhamnaceae --- ESCC (Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) --- podophyllotoxin --- ROS (reactive oxygen species) --- p38 --- JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) --- Vitellaria paradoxa --- Butyrospermum parkii --- agroforestry --- market --- non-wood forest product --- contingent valuation --- food --- gender --- Fulani --- wild edible tree species --- biodiversity --- ethnic groups --- conservation --- green coffee --- hawthorn --- bioactive compounds --- Crataegus --- biological activity --- nutraceuticals --- health benefits --- plant extracts --- assessment of wild food --- dimensions in science --- technology and innovation (STI) --- estimation of potential --- tropical forest areas --- food processing industry --- wild edible plants --- neglected and underutilized species (NUS) --- Africa --- urban consumers --- marketing --- product differentiation --- essential oils --- extracts --- Salvia Africana --- S. rutilans --- S. munzii --- S. mellifera --- S. greggii --- S. officinalis “Icterina” --- S. officinalis --- chaste tree --- Vitex agnus-castus L. --- in vitro studies --- in vivo studies --- health-promoting properties. --- mushroom --- Enguday --- ethnomycology --- folk taxonomy --- Amhara --- Agew and Sidama --- bioeconomy --- food and nutrition security --- forests and trees --- forest foods --- wild harvesting --- forest --- tree --- edible forest products --- non-edible forest products --- nutritional value --- biologically activecompounds --- food composition databases --- dedicated databases --- novel food --- sustainable agriculture