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Le but de ce travail est de développer un logiciel permettant de déterminer les efforts se développant dans les ligatures d'une pile de plats métalliques sous une sollicitation quelconque.
La dynamique de ce problème est d'abord caractérisée par des forces de frottement pouvant se développer aux interfaces entre chaque élément. Les forces de frottement étant par essence discontinues, deux comportements peuvent se présenter. Soit l'élément colle sur son support, soit l'élément glisse sur son support. Le modèle numérique développé dans ce travail est donc fondé sur une intégration numérique basée sur la détection d'événements afin de pouvoir simuler convenablement ces deux phases.
Le calcul des forces de rappel exercées par les ligatures nécessite dans un premier temps de pouvoir traiter numériquement les éventuels contacts pouvant se produire entre les plats et les ligatures. En outre, l'effet de rappel de ces ligatures sur un plat donné dépendant indirectement des contacts ainsi que du déplacement de tous les plats de la pile, il est nécessaire de développer un schéma numérique implicite permettant de prendre en compte ces non-linéarités. Par conséquent, il a été choisi de construire un modèle numérique basé sur la méthode de Newton-Raphson modifiée. 
A l'aide du modèle ainsi développé et de profils de sollicitation concrète déterminés expérimentalement, il a finalement pu être possible de discuter la validité de la méthode utilisée par ArcelorMittal Tailored Blanks pour dimensionner les ligatures. The main purpose of this work is the development of a numerical scheme computing stresses in ligatures for stack of metallic plates under any impacts. First of all, the dynamic of that kind of system is defined by the develomment of friction froces at interfaces between each plate. As friction forces are intrinsically non-smooth, two states can happen. Either the element is sticking to its base or the element is sliping out of its base. In order to replicate these two phases, the numerical model elaborated in this work is based on an event-driven integration scheme. 
Computation of spring forces applied by ligatures on plates requires the algortihm to handle with potentials contacts that can appear between plates and ligatures. Moreover, as the spring effect of ligatures on a given plate depend indirectly on contacts and displacements of the whole stack of plates, an implicit numerical scheme is needed to take these non-linearities into account. The integration procedure used in the model is therefore based on a modified Newton-Raphson's method. 
By means of excitation profiles empirically established, the numerical model was finally runned with different settings in order to discuss the validity of the design procedure of ligatures employed by ArcelorMittal Tailored Blanks.

Numerical model --- analysis of ligatures --- impact --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie civile

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Plastic anisotropy is a common property of many metallic materials. This property affects the analysis and design of structures and metal forming processes. The present edited collection of papers concerns analytic and numerical methods of structural and metal forming analysis and design using material models for anisotropic materials. Some qualitative features of rigid plastic solutions in anisotropic plasticity are investigated. Both rate-independent and rate-dependent constitutive equations are considered. The effect of plastic anisotropy on the distribution of residual stresses and strains is shown. Some papers deal with thermo-mechanical problems.

fractional viscoplasticity --- rate dependence --- plastic anisotropy --- non-normality --- directional viscosity --- explicit/implicit non-locality. --- hydro-mechanical deep drawing (HDD) --- mechanical property --- type of cooling --- microstructure --- rotating disk --- plane stress --- residual stresses and strains --- flow theory of plasticity --- semi-analytic solution --- anisotropic columnar jointed rock --- numerical model --- centroidal Voronoi diagram --- coefficient of variation --- polar orthotropy --- Hill’s yield criterion --- friction regimes --- singularity --- residual stress --- residual strain --- open-ended cylinder --- autofrettage --- orthotropic plasticity --- temperature-dependent material properties --- composite cylinder --- finite element analysis

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Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers presents an introduction to the dynamics and thermodynamics of flowing ice masses on Earth. Based on an outline of general continuum mechanics, the different initial-boundary-value problems for the flow of ice sheets, ice shelves, ice caps and glaciers are systematically derived. Special emphasis is put on developing hierarchies of approximations for the different systems, and suitable numerical solution techniques are discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to glacial isostasy. The book is appropriate for graduate courses in glaciology, cryospheric sciences, environmental sciences, geophysics and related fields. Standard undergraduate knowledge of mathematics (calculus, linear algebra) and physics (classical mechanics, thermodynamics) provide a sufficient background for successfully studying the text.

Glaciers. --- Ice sheets. --- Numerical model. --- Glaciers --- Ice sheets --- Cosmic Physics --- Physical Geography --- Physics --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Glacial ice covers --- Ice covers, Glacial --- Ice mantles --- Mantles, Ice --- Sheets, Ice --- Physics. --- Earth sciences. --- Continuum physics. --- Fluids. --- Geophysics and Environmental Physics. --- Classical Continuum Physics. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Earth sciences --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Dynamics --- Cryosphere --- Ice --- Glaciology --- Meltwater --- Ice caps --- Ice shelves

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This book describes interesting case studies of the exploration, characterization, and use of geothermal resources in Spain, Sweden, Italy, Croatia, China, Djibouti, and Canada. A new open-source software, with an easy-to-use graphical user interface, is applied to assess the deep geothermal potential of the Reus-Valls sedimentary basin in Spain. Then, a high-temperature borehole thermal energy storage facility at Linköping, Sweden, is described to shift excess heat generated from a waste incineration plant during the summer to the winter season. Next, a plastic plate heat exchanger was geometrically and thermodynamically modeled, optimized, and applied to a direct geothermal heating system for a building in Southern Italy. In the last European study, in Croatia, an unconventional hydrocarbon gas reservoir is analyzed (geothermal gradient of 49°C/km), in the geothermal field Velika Ciglena. Going down to Africa, the assessment of the geothermal resources in the Asal Rift (Djibouti) through multiphase flow and heat transfer simulations is presented. Moving to Asia, in the Chinese province of Guangdong, magnetotelluric profiles are used to interpret the crust and upper mantle structure and its geothermal implications. Then, in the remote Canadian Northern regions, uncertainty and risk evaluation of deep geothermal energy resources (> 4 km) for heat production and electricity generation are described. Finally, a literature review provides a comparison of geothermal projects in unconventional reservoirs in United Kingdom (Cornubian Batholith), Canada (Williston Sedimentary Basin), and Italy (Campi Flegrei Caldera).

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- geothermal energy --- geothermal gradient --- paleoclimate --- numerical model --- Monte Carlomethod --- heat-in-place --- theoretical potential --- technical potential --- petrothermal system --- Nunavik --- hydrothermal system --- electrical conductivity --- multiphase flow --- numerical modeling --- normal fault --- heat source --- Asal Rift --- magnetotellurics --- 2D inversion --- crust-upper mantle structure --- Late Mesozoic granite --- Guangdong Province --- unconventional geothermal resources --- geothermal drilling --- communities --- caldera --- hydrocarbon gas --- unconventional reservoirs --- drilling --- Neogene --- Croatia --- methodology --- crystalline bedrock --- energy storage --- boreholes --- logging --- thermal properties --- magnetic measurements --- VLF --- drone photogrammetry --- direct heating system --- plastic plate heat exchanger --- exergoeconomic analysis ---  

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This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for the latest advances in hydraulic modeling based on the use of shallow water and related models as well as their novel application in practical engineering. Original contributions, including those in but not limited to the following areas, will be considered for publication: new conceptual models and applications, flood inundation and routing, sediment transport and morphodynamic modelling, pollutant transport in water, irrigation and drainage modeling, numerical simulation in hydraulics, novel numerical methods for the shallow water equations and extended models, case studies, and high-performance computing.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- central-upwind --- efficiency --- finite volume --- HLLC --- modern hardware --- Roe --- shallow water equations --- vectorization --- fluvial process --- bank vegetation --- channel pattern --- 2D numerical model --- two-dimensional hydrodynamic model --- local time stepping --- unstructured grids --- numerical simulation --- computational efficiency --- west coast of Korea (WCK) --- tidal elevation --- open boundary condition --- numerical modeling --- TELEMAC-2D --- hydraulic jump --- Boussinesq equations --- MacCormack --- Dissipative two-four --- method of specified intervals --- shallow water --- CasADi --- fast computation --- 1-D --- reservoir model --- PID regulation --- free surface flows --- modeling --- hydraulic engineering --- computational methods --- simulation