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Complottheorieën zijn alomtegenwoordig, maar de meeste mensen nemen ze niet echt ernstig. Maar wil dat zeggen dat wie een complottheorie aanhangt automatisch een mafketel is? En waarom zouden we tijd en energie steken in het bestuderen van complottheorieën? Worden onze democratie en pers echt bedreigd door schimmige organisaties of zijn het eerder de complottheorieën zelf die ondermijnend werken? Kunnen we ware van gefantaseerde complotten onderscheiden? (https://www.aspeditions.be/nl-be/book/achterdocht-tussen-feit-en-fictie/13935.htm)

Logic --- wetenschappelijk denken --- kritisch denken --- Philosophy --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Complot, Théories du --- Complotisme --- Conspiracy theories --- Conspirationnisme --- Samenzweringstheorieën --- Théorie conspirationniste --- Théorie du complot --- Théories conspirationnistes --- Théories du complot --- Complottheorieën --- Scepticisme --- Kritisch denken --- BPB9999 --- BP2011 --- desinformatie --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- désinformation --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- falska nyheter --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- hamis információ --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- valeuutiset --- фалшиви новини --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- potegavščina --- embuste --- qerq --- невярна информация --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- canular --- bluff --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- melagingi pranešimai --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- Hoax --- Complottheorie --- Scepticisme (filosofie) --- bréagaisnéis --- mal-information --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- complottheorie --- achterdocht --- omgaan met complotdenken --- complottheorieën --- complotdenkers --- samenzwering --- samenzweringstheorieën --- confirmation bias --- bevestigingsvooroordeel --- Karl Popper (1902-1994) --- falsificationisme --- inductie --- scepticisme

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“This book is motivated, to a large extent, by some recent troubling developments in public discourse, namely the developments in information, misinformation and disinformation practices. From the beginning of history, various and diverse means or channels of communication have been used to inform, misinform (unintentionally) and disinform (deliberately). However, in recent decades, the emergence and development of new information and communications technologies (ICT), combined with the ever-increasing digitalisation and globalisation of almost every aspect of modern life, among others, have opened up new and uncharted avenues to that end. This book therefore focuses on disinformation practices occurring with the help of digital media as these practices bring to the fore profound negative ramifications for the functioning of a democratic polity. “ “It would be pleasant to think that democracies will always wake up to their threats – internal and external – and heal themselves in good time before it is too late. [...] Yet, it is not too late to find public policy solutions which can restore information technologies to their original role of facilitators of democracy rather than their undertakers. But the timeframe is closing and we need these solutions sooner rather than later.This is why the present volume of expert analyses bringing together many academics arrives at just the right time. It aspires to deepen our understanding of the dangers of fake news and disinformation, but also charts well informed and realistic ways ahead. To my mind, it is certainly one of the most comprehensive and useful studies of this topic to date and I recommend it to the general reader as much as to the policy-maker as a reliable guide and mentor.”

Disinformation. --- Disinformation --- Common fallacies. --- Communication --- Political aspects --- Technological innovations. --- Political aspects. --- BPB2006 --- désinformation --- démocratie --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- desinformatie --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- falska nyheter --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- hamis információ --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- valeuutiset --- фалшиви новини --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Human rights --- Mass communications --- BPB2006. --- Infox --- Médias --- Démocratie --- Liberté d'expression --- Protection de l'information (informatique) --- Covid-19. --- Fake news --- Mass media --- Democracy --- Freedom of speech --- Data protection --- COVID-19 (Disease) --- Objectivité --- Influence --- Droit --- Droit européen --- Objectivity --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- 241 Hedendaagse wereldproblemen --- 690 Media, mediarecht --- 691 Informatiebeleid --- 696.1 Internet --- 213 Democratie --- Desinformatie --- Propaganda --- 281 Politiek per land (behalve Belgie) --- COVID-19 --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- potegavščina --- embuste --- qerq --- невярна информация --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- canular --- bluff --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- melagingi pranešimai --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- Hoax --- Globalization --- daonlathas --- bréagaisnéis --- mal-information --- démocratie --- désinformation --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- Mass media - Political aspects --- Fake news - Political aspects --- Disinformation - Political aspects --- Digital media --- Democracy. --- Globalization. --- Médias --- Démocratie --- Liberté d'expression --- Objectivité --- Droit européen

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"This companion brings together a diverse set of concepts used to analyse dimensions of media disinformation and populism globally. The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism explores how recent transformations in the architecture of public communication and particular attributes of the digital media ecology are conducive to the kind of polarised, anti-rational, post-fact, post-truth communication championed by populism. It is both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, consisting of contributions from both leading and emerging scholars analysing aspects of misinformation, disinformation, and populism across countries, political systems, and media systems. A global, comparative approach to the study of misinformation and populism is important in identifying common elements and characteristics, and these individual chapters cover a wide range of topics and themes, including fake news, mediatisation, propaganda, alternative media, immigration, science, and law-making, to name a few. This companion is a key resource for academics, researchers, and policymakers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of political communication, journalism, law, sociology, cultural studies, international politics and international relations."--Publisher.

Common fallacies. --- Fake news. --- Mass media and public opinion. --- Media literacy. --- Populism. --- Social media. --- Mass communications --- populism. --- disinformation. --- mass media. --- social media. --- political communication. --- populism --- disinformation --- mass media --- social media --- political communication --- политически съобщения --- comunicação política --- poliitiline suhtlus --- komunikacja polityczna --- politická komunikace --- comunicazione politica --- politično komuniciranje --- politiskā saziņa --- comunicare politică --- communication politique --- politisk kommunikation --- πολιτική επικοινωνία --- politička komunikacija --- cumarsáid pholaitiúil --- politieke communicatie --- poliittinen viestintä --- politická komunikácia --- comunicación política --- politische Kommunikation --- komunikazzjoni politika --- politinė komunikacija --- politikai kommunikáció --- médias sociaux --- sociální média --- обществени медии --- друштвени медиуми --- soziale Medien --- medios sociales --- družbeni mediji --- sociālie mediji --- media sociais --- sosiaalisen median väline --- media społecznościowe --- na meáin shóisialta --- sociala medier --- sociale medier --- közösségi média --- sociale media --- μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης --- društveni mediji --- sotsiaalmeedia --- sociálne médiá --- media soċjali --- media sociali --- mijloace de comunicare sociale --- socialinė žiniasklaida --- mjetet e komunikimit social --- друштвени медији --- social network --- дружбени медиуми --- média social --- platformă (de comunicare) socială --- réseaux sociaux --- midja soċjali --- mezzi ta' komunikazzjoni soċjali --- sociālie plašsaziņas līdzekļi --- suhtlusmeedia --- ühismeedia --- sociální médium --- socialiniai tinklai --- rede social --- media sociale --- μέσο κοινωνικής δικτύωσης --- réseau social --- platforma społecznościowa --- Social Media --- družbeni medij --- medium soċjali --- socialt netværk --- sociálne médium --- redes sociales --- друштвена мрежа --- mezzi tax-xandir soċjali --- közösségi médium --- социјални медиуми --- social medium --- обществена медия --- социална мрежа --- sosiaalinen media --- медиуми за општење --- redes sociais --- media masowe --- sredstva javnoga priopćavanja --- media tal-massa --- масмедия --- meios de comunicação de massas --- средства за јавно информирање --- mórmheáin --- massamedia --- mezzo di comunicazione di massa --- mediji --- масовни медији --- plašsaziņas līdzekļi --- masmédiá --- Massenmedium --- tömegmédia --- medio de comunicación de masas --- massmedier --- hromadné sdělovací prostředky --- μέσο μαζικής επικοινωνίας --- masmedia --- žiniasklaida --- joukkoviestintävälineet --- massekommunikationsmiddel --- mass-media --- moyen de communication de masse --- massiteabevahendid --- massikommunikatsioonivahendid --- sredstva javnoga informiranja --- joukkoviestimet --- masinės komunikacijos priemonės --- Massenkommunikationsmittel --- massimeediumid --- mjete të komunikimit masiv --- μίντια --- μέσο μαζικής ενημέρωσης --- мас-медиум --- tömegmédiumok --- massemedier --- medier --- média --- means of mass communication --- meios de comunicação social --- meedia --- masovokomunikačné prostriedky --- tömegtájékoztatási eszközök --- visuomenės informavimo priemonės --- Medien --- masovni mediji --- mijloace de comunicare în masă --- massacommunicatiemiddel --- médias --- veřejné sdělovací prostředky --- media --- masu informācijas līdzekļi --- масовни медиуми --- massmedia --- masmédia --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- désinformation --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- bréagaisnéis --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- desinformatie --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- potegavščina --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- embuste --- qerq --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- невярна информация --- falska nyheter --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- canular --- bluff --- hamis információ --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- melagingi pranešimai --- valeuutiset --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- фалшиви новини --- Hoax --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- populisms --- populizëm --- populizm --- популизам --- λαϊκισμός --- populizam --- Populismus --- pobalachas --- populismo --- populismi --- populiżmu --- populisme --- популизъм --- populizem --- populizmus --- populizmas --- politický populizmus --- politický populismus --- populismus --- mal-information

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'Doen we als mainstream media onze job wel goed genoeg?' Het is een vraag die VRT-onderzoeksjournalist Luc Pauwels al jaren bezig houdt. Want hij ziet te veel verontrustende alarmsignalen. Een themadossier in 'De Journalist' in februari 2021 gaf aan dat de vertrouwenscijfers in de media tussen 2016 en 2020 van 59% naar 51% gedaald waren in Vlaanderen. Dat is niet bijster veel. Uit een eerdere enquête die naar het vertrouwen peilde in 32 beroepen, bleek dat brandweermannen, verplegers en artsen erg hoog scoorden. In België stonden journalisten op vier na laatste.Van desinformatie, fake news was toen amper sprake. Dat veranderde na de verkiezing van Donald Trump: die gooide het politieke discours op een ongeziene manier om. De toon werd hard en brutaal. De uitbarsting van fake news en desinformatie vergiftigt de hele samenleving en is nog lang niet voorbij. Dit moet die mainstream media doen nadenken over hun houding en positie. Lopen ze zelf zo'n vlekkeloos parcours? De antwoorden van Pauwels zijn bij momenten ontluisterend.https://www.lannoo.be/nl/file/9789401484381pdf

BPB9999 --- Mass communications --- nieuwsberichtgeving --- mediawijsheid --- Journalism --- 690 Media, mediarecht --- 692.1 VRT --- Pers --- fake news --- books --- Journalistiek ; beroepsethiek --- Nieuwsberichtgeving --- Nepnieuws --- massamedia --- desinformatie --- BPB2206 --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- désinformation --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- bréagaisnéis --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- potegavščina --- неточна информација --- álhír --- embuste --- qerq --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- невярна информация --- falska nyheter --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- canular --- bluff --- hamis információ --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- melagingi pranešimai --- valeuutiset --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- фалшиви новини --- Hoax --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- media masowe --- sredstva javnoga priopćavanja --- media tal-massa --- масмедия --- meios de comunicação de massas --- средства за јавно информирање --- mórmheáin --- mezzo di comunicazione di massa --- mediji --- масовни медији --- plašsaziņas līdzekļi --- masmédiá --- Massenmedium --- mass media --- tömegmédia --- medio de comunicación de masas --- massmedier --- hromadné sdělovací prostředky --- μέσο μαζικής επικοινωνίας --- masmedia --- žiniasklaida --- joukkoviestintävälineet --- massekommunikationsmiddel --- mass-media --- moyen de communication de masse --- massiteabevahendid --- massikommunikatsioonivahendid --- sredstva javnoga informiranja --- joukkoviestimet --- masinės komunikacijos priemonės --- Massenkommunikationsmittel --- massimeediumid --- mjete të komunikimit masiv --- μίντια --- μέσο μαζικής ενημέρωσης --- мас-медиум --- tömegmédiumok --- massemedier --- medier --- média --- means of mass communication --- meios de comunicação social --- meedia --- masovokomunikačné prostriedky --- tömegtájékoztatási eszközök --- visuomenės informavimo priemonės --- Medien --- masovni mediji --- mijloace de comunicare în masă --- massacommunicatiemiddel --- médias --- veřejné sdělovací prostředky --- media --- masu informācijas līdzekļi --- масовни медиуми --- massmedia --- masmédia --- Fake News. --- Journalistiek. --- Journalistiek --- Journalistieke ethiek --- Fake news --- Desinformatie --- Zelfevaluatie --- #SBIB:309H1025 --- #SBIB:309H302 --- #SBIB:309H1010 --- Mediaboodschappen met een informatieve functie --- De communicator: opleiding, statuut, deontologie, zelfbeeld, sociale positie, --- Organisatorische aspecten van de media: algemene werken (incl. journalistiek) --- mal-information --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- journalistiek --- beroepsethiek --- corona --- pandemie --- coronapandemie --- Covid-19 --- onderzoeksjournalisten --- Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT) --- coronacrisis --- mondmaskers --- nieuwsmedia --- kwaliteitscontrole --- factchecken --- factchecking --- factchecks --- pers

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De apostel Thomas geloofde niet dat Jezus uit de dood was opgestaan. Hij eiste bewijzen. Christus nam het hem kwalijk: Zalig zijn zij die niet zien en toch geloven. Maar Thomas had een punt. Buitengewone beweringen vragen om buitengewone bewijzen. Niemand is immuun voor pseudowetenschap, bijgeloof en irrationeel denken. We leggen makkelijk valse verbanden, maken verkeerde statistische inschattingen, zijn kwetsbaar voor drogredenen en vertrouwen te veel op onze waarneming en ons geheugen. Ook intelligente mensen ontsnappen hier niet aan. Zij zijn bovendien meer bedreven in het verdedigen en rationaliseren van aantoonbaar foute overtuigingen.In De ongelovige Thomas heeft een punt bespreken de auteurs historische en actuele denkbeelden die hun wortels vinden in drogredenen, foutieve intuïties en cognitieve valkuilen. Naast klassieke pseudowetenschappen, zoals parapsychologie, homeopathie, creationisme en psychoanalyse, passeren andere bizarre opvattingen de revue, zoals het geloof in het monster van Loch Ness, complottheorieën, telepathie, de lijkwade van Turijn, klopgeesten en mirakels. Braeckman en Boudry verduidelijken de verschillen tussen wetenschap en pseudowetenschap, tussen kritisch en onkritisch denken, en tussen zin en onzin.Iedereen die de kwaliteit van zijn denken wil bevorderen, heeft baat bij dit boek.

Kritisch denken --- Bijgeloof. --- Decroos, Johan. --- Niet-confessionele zedenleer --- Parapsychologie. --- Pseudowetenschappen. --- Secundair onderwijs. --- 130 --- denken --- pseudowetenschappen* --- Logica en kennisleer --- 133 --- 133 Occulte wetenschappen. Geheime leer. Occultisme --- Occulte wetenschappen. Geheime leer. Occultisme --- BPB1111 --- 361.531 --- #GGSB: Filosofie --- systeemdenken --- Logic --- pseudo-wetenschappen --- kritisch denken --- argumenteren --- wetenschappelijk denken --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Critical thinking --- Thought and thinking --- PXL-Central Office 2017 --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- 133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena --- The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena --- Kritisches Denken. --- Logic. --- Philosophy of science. --- argumenteren. --- kritisch denken. --- pseudo-wetenschappen. --- wetenschappelijk denken. --- Filosofie --- desinformatie --- cognitieve vaardigheden --- gestão do tempo --- immaniġġjar tal-ħin --- ajaplaneerimine --- spreekvaardigheid --- slušne spretnosti --- skills development --- skaitymo įgūdžiai --- läsförmåga --- įgūdžių ugdymas --- Hören --- Zeitmanagement --- развитие на умения --- zručnosti v čítaní --- abilità di lettura --- tidshantering --- δεξιότητες ανάγνωσης --- luistervaardigheid --- ontwikkeling van vaardigheden --- capacidades de escucha --- čitanje --- gestionarea timpului --- listening skills --- puhetaito --- slušanje --- gestion du temps --- organizacija vremena --- tidsforvaltning --- sviluppo delle abilità --- ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων --- gestione del tempo --- bralne spretnosti --- poslechové dovednosti --- tidsstyring --- govor --- rozwój umiejętności --- Sprechen --- talförmåga --- govorne spretnosti --- умения за говорене --- time-management --- lukutaito --- gestión del tiempo --- умения за слушане --- διαχείριση χρόνου --- capacidade para ouvir --- capacité à s’exprimer --- zarządzanie czasem --- čtenářské dovednosti --- leesvaardigheid --- prasmju attīstīšana --- rozvoj dovedností --- olvasott szöveg értése --- δεξιότητες ομιλίας --- beszédkészség --- δεξιότητες ακρόασης --- készségfejlesztés --- prasme klausīties --- lasītprasme --- taitojen kehittäminen --- rozvoj zručností --- lugemisoskus --- umiejętność słuchania --- tidsplanlægning --- časový manažment --- oskuste arendamine --- capacidades de expresión oral --- dezvoltarea competențelor --- väljendusoskus --- abilități de ascultare --- competências comunicativas --- organizace času --- abilități de vorbire --- umiejętność czytania --- ħiliet tas-smigħ --- desenvolvimento de competências --- abilità di produzione orale --- språklig förmåga --- razvoj spretnosti --- desarrollo de capacidades --- læsefærdigheder --- ħiliet tat-taħdit --- kuuntelutaidot --- abilități de citire --- zručnosti v počúvaní --- Lesen --- capacité à écouter --- zručnosti v rozprávaní --- kuulamisoskused --- competências de leitura --- ħiliet tal-qari --- laika plānošana --- żvilupp tal-ħiliet --- færdighedsudvikling --- hallott szöveg értése --- ajanhallinta --- razvoj vještina --- talefærdigheder --- compétences en lecture --- reading skills --- умения за четене --- upravljanje časa --- abilità di ascolto --- klausymo įgūdžiai --- kalbėjimo įgūdžiai --- lyttefærdigheder --- développement des compétences --- speaking skills --- intellektuell förmåga --- laiko valdymas --- runātprasme --- capacidades lectoras --- időgazdálkodás --- Entwicklung von Fähigkeiten --- vyjadřovací dovednosti --- kognitiivsed oskused --- kognityviniai įgūdžiai --- compétences cognitives --- когнитивни умения --- cognitive skills --- aptitudini cognitive --- kognitīvās prasmes --- kognitivní dovednosti --- competências cognitivas --- kognitivne vještine --- abilità cognitive --- kognitívne zručnosti --- kognitive færdigheder --- kognitive Fähigkeiten --- kognitivne spretnosti --- γνωστικές δεξιότητες --- umiejętności poznawcze --- kognitiiviset taidot --- ħiliet konjittivi --- capacidades cognitivas --- kognitiva färdigheter --- kognitív készségek --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- mal-information --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- potegavščina --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- embuste --- qerq --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- невярна информация --- falska nyheter --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- canular --- bluff --- hamis információ --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- melagingi pranešimai --- valeuutiset --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- фалшиви новини --- Hoax --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- désinformation --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- bréagaisnéis --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- #gsdbF --- geloof --- bijgeloof --- lichtgelovigheid --- het menselijk brein --- samenzweringstheorieën --- hoaxen --- cryptiden --- het geheugen --- zelfbedrog --- cognitive dissonantie --- religie --- het bovennatuurlijke --- wetenschap --- pseudowetenschap --- complotisme --- complottheorieën