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Book
Plasma Processes for Renewable Energy Technologies
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ISBN: 3039219731 3039219723 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The use of renewable energy is an effective solution for the prevention of global warming. On the other hand, environmental plasmas are one of powerful means to solve global environmental problems on nitrogen oxides, (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxides (CO2) in the atmosphere. By combining both technologies, we can develop an extremely effective environmental improvement technology. Based on this background, a Special Issue of the journal Energies on plasma processes for renewable energy technologies is planned. On the issue, we focus on environment plasma technologies that can effectively utilize renewable electric energy sources, such as photovoltaic power generation, biofuel power generation, wind turbine power generation, etc. However, any latest research results on plasma environmental improvement processes are welcome for submission. We are looking, among others, for papers on the following technical subjects in which either plasma can use renewable energy sources or can be used for renewable energy technologies: Plasma decomposition technology of harmful gases, such as the plasma denitrification method; Plasma removal technology of harmful particles, such as electrostatic precipitation; Plasma decomposition technology of harmful substances in liquid, such as gas–liquid interfacial plasma; Plasma-enhanced flow induction and heat transfer enhancement technologies, such as ionic wind device and plasma actuator; Plasma-enhanced combustion and fuel reforming; Other environment plasma technologies.

Foundations of high-energy astrophysics
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ISBN: 1281966738 9786611966737 0226855716 9780226855714 0226855694 9780226855691 Year: 2008 Publisher: Chicago University of Chicago Press

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Written by one of today's most highly respected astrophysicists, Foundations of High-Energy Astrophysics is an introduction to the mathematical and physical techniques used in the study of high-energy astrophysics. Here, Mario Vietri approaches the basics of high-energy astrophysics with an emphasis on underlying physical processes as opposed to a more mathematical approach. Alongside more traditional topics, Vietri presents new subjects increasingly considered crucial to understanding high-energy astrophysical sources, including the electrodynamics of cosmic sources, new developments in the theory of standard accretion disks, and the physics of coronae, thick disks, and accretion onto magnetized objects. The most thorough and engaging survey of high-energy astrophysics available today, Foundations of High-Energy Astrophysics introduces the main physical processes relevant to the field in a rigorous yet accessible way, while paying careful attention to observational issues. Vietri's book will quickly become a classic text for students and active researchers in astronomy and astrophysics. Those in adjoining fields will also find it a valuable addition to their personal libraries.


Book
High Performance Textiles
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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High-performance or hi-tech textiles represent the keystone of the present and the future for all industrial sectors, which require lightening, flexibility, and the high mechanical resistance as well as thermal stability of the materials. As described within this Special Issue, the applications of these advanced systems are innovative and also highly technological: from water-repellent to stain-resistant fabrics, from being flame-resistant to antibacterial/antifouling, from being insulating to conductive, and from environmental protection systems to smart textiles. High-performance textiles also meet all of the actual requirements of sustainability and environmental protection of modern industry.


Book
High Performance Textiles
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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High-performance or hi-tech textiles represent the keystone of the present and the future for all industrial sectors, which require lightening, flexibility, and the high mechanical resistance as well as thermal stability of the materials. As described within this Special Issue, the applications of these advanced systems are innovative and also highly technological: from water-repellent to stain-resistant fabrics, from being flame-resistant to antibacterial/antifouling, from being insulating to conductive, and from environmental protection systems to smart textiles. High-performance textiles also meet all of the actual requirements of sustainability and environmental protection of modern industry.


Book
High Performance Textiles
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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High-performance or hi-tech textiles represent the keystone of the present and the future for all industrial sectors, which require lightening, flexibility, and the high mechanical resistance as well as thermal stability of the materials. As described within this Special Issue, the applications of these advanced systems are innovative and also highly technological: from water-repellent to stain-resistant fabrics, from being flame-resistant to antibacterial/antifouling, from being insulating to conductive, and from environmental protection systems to smart textiles. High-performance textiles also meet all of the actual requirements of sustainability and environmental protection of modern industry.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- 3-D honeycomb woven fabric --- CB/CIP --- mechanical property --- EM wave-absorbing property --- soybean oil --- glycerol --- nonthermal plasma --- para-aramid textiles --- cationic dye --- selenium nanoparticles --- polypropylene --- coloration --- antibacterial --- conductivity --- UV protection --- metamaterials --- high-performance textiles --- wearable antenna --- textile antennas --- polymer --- cotton/lycra composites --- silica nanoparticles --- antibacterial activity --- self-cleaning --- aramid fibers --- surface modification --- adhesion --- interphase --- interfacial shear strength --- flexography --- e-textiles --- wearables --- printed-electronics --- textiles --- electronic textiles --- Ag/TiO2 --- nanocomposite --- photocatalysis --- viscose fibers --- leather --- sonochemical --- toxicity --- footwear --- multifunctional finishing --- wool fabrics --- UV-blocking properties --- antimicrobial activity --- para-aramid --- ambient air --- acrylic acid --- acrylated epoxidized soybean oil --- metasurface --- high performance textiles --- 3-D honeycomb woven fabric --- CB/CIP --- mechanical property --- EM wave-absorbing property --- soybean oil --- glycerol --- nonthermal plasma --- para-aramid textiles --- cationic dye --- selenium nanoparticles --- polypropylene --- coloration --- antibacterial --- conductivity --- UV protection --- metamaterials --- high-performance textiles --- wearable antenna --- textile antennas --- polymer --- cotton/lycra composites --- silica nanoparticles --- antibacterial activity --- self-cleaning --- aramid fibers --- surface modification --- adhesion --- interphase --- interfacial shear strength --- flexography --- e-textiles --- wearables --- printed-electronics --- textiles --- electronic textiles --- Ag/TiO2 --- nanocomposite --- photocatalysis --- viscose fibers --- leather --- sonochemical --- toxicity --- footwear --- multifunctional finishing --- wool fabrics --- UV-blocking properties --- antimicrobial activity --- para-aramid --- ambient air --- acrylic acid --- acrylated epoxidized soybean oil --- metasurface --- high performance textiles


Book
Advances in Postharvest Process Systems
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion.


Book
Advances in Postharvest Process Systems
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion.


Book
Advances in Postharvest Process Systems
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- persimmon fruit --- drying methods --- computational intelligence methods --- artificial neural network model --- support vector machine model --- k-nearest neighbors --- milk quality --- high pressure processing --- pasteurization --- milk storage --- shelf life --- bulk hazelnut kernels --- mechanical properties --- heating temperature --- oil efficiency --- relaxation process --- common beans --- beans classification --- hard-to-cook --- bean softening --- piper nigrum --- dimensions --- mass --- maturity levels --- modelling --- food security --- food quality --- agricultural production --- crop storage and processing --- food distribution --- smart digital technology --- industry 4.0 --- refrigeration --- deterioration --- cavitation --- dosage --- hurdle technology --- microorganisms --- nonthermal --- decontamination --- bulk weight --- hop cones size distribution --- chemical analysis --- energy consumption --- postharvest storage --- food packaging and shelf-life --- bitter kola --- food preservation --- alligator pepper --- underutilized seeds --- cassava --- storage --- PPD --- starch --- shelf-life --- postharvest losses --- biorational pesticides --- chemical profile --- fumigant toxicity --- modeling --- optimization --- S. hortensis --- S. intermedia --- persimmon fruit --- drying methods --- computational intelligence methods --- artificial neural network model --- support vector machine model --- k-nearest neighbors --- milk quality --- high pressure processing --- pasteurization --- milk storage --- shelf life --- bulk hazelnut kernels --- mechanical properties --- heating temperature --- oil efficiency --- relaxation process --- common beans --- beans classification --- hard-to-cook --- bean softening --- piper nigrum --- dimensions --- mass --- maturity levels --- modelling --- food security --- food quality --- agricultural production --- crop storage and processing --- food distribution --- smart digital technology --- industry 4.0 --- refrigeration --- deterioration --- cavitation --- dosage --- hurdle technology --- microorganisms --- nonthermal --- decontamination --- bulk weight --- hop cones size distribution --- chemical analysis --- energy consumption --- postharvest storage --- food packaging and shelf-life --- bitter kola --- food preservation --- alligator pepper --- underutilized seeds --- cassava --- storage --- PPD --- starch --- shelf-life --- postharvest losses --- biorational pesticides --- chemical profile --- fumigant toxicity --- modeling --- optimization --- S. hortensis --- S. intermedia


Book
Plasma in Cancer Treatment
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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In the last decade, research on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has significantly advanced our understanding of the effect of CAP on cancer cells and their potential for cancer treatment. This effect is due to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created by plasma. This has been demonstrated for different cancer cell lines and the first clinical trials showed promising results. In addition, plasma could be combined with other treatments—such as immunotherapy—to boost its anticancer activity. The addition of new research tools to study the response of cancer cells to CAP—such as 3D in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models and in silico approaches—as well as the use of -OMICS technologies could aid in unravelling the underlying mechanisms of CAP in cancer treatment. In order to progress towards widespread clinical application of CAP, an integrated study of the multidimensional effect of CAP in cancer treatment is essential. In this book, reviews and original research papers are published that provide new insights into the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma in cancer treatment, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, clinical studies, as well as computer modeling.

Keywords

Medicine --- cell adhesion --- plasma medicine --- oncology --- cold atmospheric plasma --- selectivity --- plasma-treated liquid --- dielectric barrier discharge --- pancreatic cancer --- pancreatic stellate cells --- immunogenic cell death --- dendritic cells --- cell communication --- extracellular matrix (ECM) --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) --- tumour microenvironment (TME) --- extracellular vesicles --- communication junctions --- three-dimensional in vitro culture models --- apoptosis --- breast cancer --- genome-wide expression --- reactive oxygen species --- anticancer drugs --- screening --- tumor spheroids --- combination therapy --- kINPen --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- ROS --- cancer --- non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) --- indirect treatment --- plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline --- electroporation --- electric pulses --- pulsed electric field amplitude --- melanoma --- long-lived reactive species --- bone cancer --- osteosarcoma --- reactive species --- plasma-activated liquid --- Ringer's saline --- organotypic model --- nonthermal biocompatible plasma --- soft jet plasma --- human glioblastoma --- p38/MAPK pathway --- tissue penetration --- non-thermal plasma --- non-invasive plasma treatment (NIPP) --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) --- Raman imaging --- Raman microspectroscopy --- Plasma lipid interactions --- cold physical plasma --- radiation therapy --- radio-frequency discharge --- PARP-inhibitor --- olaparib --- DNA-damage --- gold quantum dots --- plasma --- nanomaterials --- cellular uptake --- invasiveness --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma --- plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution --- ovarian cancer --- cytotoxicity --- plasma-activated liquids --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- high frequency electrosurgery --- plasma treatment --- cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) --- free radicals --- cancer selectivity --- cervical cancer treatment --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia --- cholangiocarcinoma --- cold plasma --- innovative therapy --- tumor cells --- macrophages --- plasma selectivity --- plasma jet --- cell adhesion --- plasma medicine --- oncology --- cold atmospheric plasma --- selectivity --- plasma-treated liquid --- dielectric barrier discharge --- pancreatic cancer --- pancreatic stellate cells --- immunogenic cell death --- dendritic cells --- cell communication --- extracellular matrix (ECM) --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) --- tumour microenvironment (TME) --- extracellular vesicles --- communication junctions --- three-dimensional in vitro culture models --- apoptosis --- breast cancer --- genome-wide expression --- reactive oxygen species --- anticancer drugs --- screening --- tumor spheroids --- combination therapy --- kINPen --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- ROS --- cancer --- non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) --- indirect treatment --- plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline --- electroporation --- electric pulses --- pulsed electric field amplitude --- melanoma --- long-lived reactive species --- bone cancer --- osteosarcoma --- reactive species --- plasma-activated liquid --- Ringer's saline --- organotypic model --- nonthermal biocompatible plasma --- soft jet plasma --- human glioblastoma --- p38/MAPK pathway --- tissue penetration --- non-thermal plasma --- non-invasive plasma treatment (NIPP) --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) --- Raman imaging --- Raman microspectroscopy --- Plasma lipid interactions --- cold physical plasma --- radiation therapy --- radio-frequency discharge --- PARP-inhibitor --- olaparib --- DNA-damage --- gold quantum dots --- plasma --- nanomaterials --- cellular uptake --- invasiveness --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma --- plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution --- ovarian cancer --- cytotoxicity --- plasma-activated liquids --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- high frequency electrosurgery --- plasma treatment --- cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) --- free radicals --- cancer selectivity --- cervical cancer treatment --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia --- cholangiocarcinoma --- cold plasma --- innovative therapy --- tumor cells --- macrophages --- plasma selectivity --- plasma jet


Book
High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy : Results on Fundamental Questions after 30 Years of Ground-Based Observations
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3036557288 303655727X Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This volume celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray Source detection: the Crab Nebula, observed by the pioneering ground-based Cherenkov telescope Whipple, at teraelectronvolts (TeV) energies, in 1989. As we entered a new era in TeV astronomy, with the imminent start of operations of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and new facilities such as LHAASO and the proposed Southern Wide-Field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO), we conceived of this volume as a broad reflection on how far we have evolved in the astrophysics topics that dominated the field of TeV astronomy for much of recent history.In the past two decades, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS pushed the field of TeV astronomy, consolidating the field of TeV astrophysics, from few to hundreds of TeV emitters. Today, this is a mature field, covering almost every topic of modern astrophysics. TeV astrophysics is also at the center of the multi-messenger astrophysics revolution, as the extreme photon energies involved provide an effective probe in cosmic-ray acceleration, propagation and interaction, in dark matter and exotic physics searches. The improvement that CTA will carry forward and the fact that CTA will operate as the first open observatory in the field, mean that gamma-ray astronomy is about to enter a new precision and productive era.This book aims to serve as an introduction to the field and its state of the art, presenting a series of authoritative reviews on a broad range of topics in which TeV astronomy provided essential contributions, and where some of the most relevant questions for future research lie.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- gamma ray astronomy --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique --- TeV gamma-rays --- non-thermal radiation --- keV-TeV cosmic sources --- INTEGRAL legacy data base --- relativistic astrophysics --- gamma rays --- cosmic rays --- interstellar medium --- Milky Way --- galaxies --- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal --- high energy astrophysics --- background radiation --- photon–photon interaction --- pair production --- axion-like particles --- gamma-rays --- IACTs --- intergalactic magnetic fields --- high-energy gamma rays --- electromagnetic cascades --- pevatrons --- Galactic cosmic rays --- PeVatron --- Crab Nebula --- angular resolution --- energy spectral distribution --- γ-ray astronomy --- very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics --- astroparticle physics --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes --- Quantum Gravity --- Lorentz invariance violation --- time of flight --- modified photon interactions --- very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy --- open science --- data format --- multi-messenger --- real-time --- high-energy --- alerts --- very-high-energy γ-ray astronomy --- atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes --- source catalogues --- gamma-ray astronomy --- Cherenkov telescopes --- ISM: supernova remnants --- ISM: individual objects—Crab Nebula --- pulsars: general --- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal --- gamma rays: general --- acceleration of particles --- astrophysical plasmas --- MHD --- high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics --- Gamma-ray bursts --- non-thermal emission --- radiative processes --- very-high energy Gamma-rays --- statistical analysis --- likelihood --- bayes --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope --- IACT --- IACT technology --- very high energy gamma-ray telescope --- ground-based gamma-ray astrophysics --- n/a --- photon-photon interaction --- ISM: individual objects-Crab Nebula

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