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This paper finds that shareholder-friendly corporate governance is positively associated with bank insolvency risk, as proxied by the Z-score and the Merton's distance to default measure, for an international sample of banks over the 2004-08 period. Banks are special in that "good" corporate governance increases bank insolvency risk relatively more for banks that are large and located in countries with sound public finances, as banks aim to exploit the financial safety net. Good corporate governance is specifically associated with higher asset volatility, more nonperforming loans, and a lower tangible capital ratio. Furthermore, good corporate governance is associated with more bank risk-taking at times of rapid economic expansion. Consistent with increased risk-taking, good corporate governance is associated with a higher valuation of the implicit insurance provided by the financial safety net, especially in the case of large banks. These results underline the importance of the financial safety net and too-big-to-fail policies in encouraging excessive risk-taking by banks.

Bank Insolvency --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Capitalization --- Corporate Governance --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Non-Performing Loans --- Public Sector Development

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Multilateral development banks are frequently accused of "defensive lending," the practice of extending new loans purely in order to ensure that existing loans are repaid. This paper empirically examine this hypothesis using data on lending by and repayments to the International Development Association (IDA), which is the largest provider of concessional development loans to low-income countries. The authors argue that key institutional features of IDA both (i) potentially create incentives for defensive lending, and (ii) enable particularly sharp tests of the defensive lending hypothesis. The authors find that there is a surprisingly robust partial correlation between disbursements on new IDA loans and repayments on existing loans. However, a closer look at the evidence suggests that defensive lending is unlikely to be a major explanation for this partial correlation.

Access to Finance --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Creditors --- Debt --- Debt issues --- Debt Markets --- Debts --- Disbursements --- Economic Theory and Research --- External debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- International Bank --- International Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Non-performing loans --- Repayments

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Multilateral development banks are frequently accused of "defensive lending," the practice of extending new loans purely in order to ensure that existing loans are repaid. This paper empirically examine this hypothesis using data on lending by and repayments to the International Development Association (IDA), which is the largest provider of concessional development loans to low-income countries. The authors argue that key institutional features of IDA both (i) potentially create incentives for defensive lending, and (ii) enable particularly sharp tests of the defensive lending hypothesis. The authors find that there is a surprisingly robust partial correlation between disbursements on new IDA loans and repayments on existing loans. However, a closer look at the evidence suggests that defensive lending is unlikely to be a major explanation for this partial correlation.

Access to Finance --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Creditors --- Debt --- Debt issues --- Debt Markets --- Debts --- Disbursements --- Economic Theory and Research --- External debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- International Bank --- International Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Non-performing loans --- Repayments

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In the current competitive scenario, the banking industry must contend with multiple challenges tied to regulations, legacy systems, disruptive models/technologies, new competitors, and a restive customer base, while simultaneously pursuing new strategies for sustainable growth. Banking institutions that can address these emerging challenges and opportunities to effectively balance long-term goals with short-term performance pressures could be aptly rewarded. This book comprises a selection of papers addressing some of these relevant issues concerning the current challenges and opportunities for international banking institutions. Papers in this collection focus on the digital transformation of the banking industry and its effect on sustainability, the emergence of new competitors such as FinTech companies, the role of mobile banking in the industry, the connections between sustainability and financial performance, and other general sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) topics related to the banking industry. The book is a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Sustainability, which has been sponsored by the Santander Financial Institute (SANFI), a Spanish research and training institution created as a collaboration between Santander Bank and the University of Cantabria. SANFI works to identify, develop, support, and promote knowledge, study, talent, and innovation in the financial sector.

Economics, finance, business & management --- stimulus-response model --- utilitarian value --- Hedonic value --- salesperson selling behaviors --- customer satisfaction --- loan expansion --- GDP --- NPL --- ARDL --- VECM --- Johansen test of co-integration --- unit root --- non-performing loans --- sovereign debt distress --- tail dependence --- gaussian copula regression --- mobile financial services (MFS) --- trust --- perceived risk --- structural equation modeling (SEM) --- multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) --- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) --- data envelopment analysis --- commercial banks --- product innovation --- performance evaluation --- innovation risk --- digital financial inclusion --- risk-coping ability --- vulnerability to poverty --- instrumental variable estimation --- emotional intelligence --- work-family conflict --- job burnout --- employees’ turnover intention --- perceived organizational support --- the Vietnamese banking industry --- stochastic DEA --- multi-attribute decision making --- ordinal variable --- cross-efficiency --- corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) --- financial performance --- Islamic Banking Industry of Pakistan --- GRI --- AAOIFI --- CSRD index --- cost of equity --- IFRS adoption --- European banks --- corporate governance --- banking regulation --- CSP–CFP relationship --- banking sustainability --- glass ceiling --- board composition --- equal opportunity policy --- CSR --- communication --- discourse --- exposition --- narrative --- storytelling --- banking --- catering --- utilitarian service --- hedonic service --- sustainable finance --- sustainable financial products --- sustainable banking --- SDGs --- sustainable development --- Latin America --- ESG. --- digital transformation --- knowledge management --- digital government --- public sector --- public administration --- peer-to-peer lending --- bank risk --- insolvency risk --- illiquidity risk --- financial inclusion --- vulnerable rural areas --- sustainable solutions --- central bank digital currency --- social sustainability --- pharmacy network --- sustainable access to cash --- nonperforming loans --- macroeconomic factors --- econometric model --- exchange rate --- unemployment rate --- inflation rate --- MoM(micro-operating mechanism) --- regulatory sandbox --- fintech --- type by enterprise --- innovation competencies --- patents data --- evidence-based policy --- European financial services --- SMEs --- nonfinancial information --- sustainable reporting --- disclosure --- lexical analysis --- nonfinancial reporting --- dynamic provisioning --- macroprudential supervision --- counter-cyclical adjustment --- innovative solution --- mobile banking --- Nigeria --- sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) --- qualitative meta-synthesis (QMS) --- banking industry --- value in use approach --- FinTech innovation --- valuation --- patent application --- market power --- efficiency --- profitability --- risk --- CBDC --- digital currency --- bank run --- central bank --- economic sustainability --- organizational ambidexterity --- blended ambidexterity --- innovation process --- buy-now-pay-later --- regulatory failure --- regulation --- consumer behaviour --- bank --- barriers --- digitalisation --- management --- perception --- transformation --- social media --- admiration --- consumer loyalty --- sustainability