Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nonmonotonic reasoning provides formal methods that enable intelligent systems to operate adequately when faced with incomplete or changing information. In particular, it provides rigorous mechanisms for taking back conclusions that, in the presence of new information, turn out to be wrong and for deriving new, alternative conclusions instead. Nonmonotonic reasoning methods provide rigor similar to that of classical reasoning; they form a base for validation and verification and therefore increase confidence in intelligent systems that work with incomplete and changing information. Following a brief introduction to the concepts of predicate logic that are needed in the subsequent chapters, this book presents an in depth treatment of default logic. Other subjects covered include the major approaches of autoepistemic logic and circumscription, belief revision and its relationship to nonmonotonic inference, and briefly, the stable and well-founded semantics of logic programs.

Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Artificial Intelligence

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Logic programming --- Nonmonotonic reasoning --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. Logics of Organization Theory sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences. Organizational research typically analyzes organizations in categories such as "bank," "hospital," or "university." These categories have been treated as crisp analytical constructs designed by researchers. But sociologists increasingly view categories as constructed by audiences. This book builds on cognitive psychology and anthropology to develop an audience-based theory of organizational categories. It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology. It reconstructs and integrates four central theory fragments, and in so doing reveals unexpected connections and new insights.

Organizational sociology --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Predicaments (Categories) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Logic --- Ontology --- Predicate (Logic) --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning --- Organization (Sociology) --- Organization theory --- Sociology of organizations --- Sociology --- Bureaucracy --- Methodology. --- Nonmonotonic reasoning --- Methodology --- E-books

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Fuzzy systems --- Fuzzy sets --- Ensembles flous --- Systèmes flous --- Fuzzy sets. --- Mathematics. --- Périodiques. --- aggregation operations --- non-additive uncertainty theory --- possibility theory --- linguistic modelling --- numerical modeling fuzzy rule-based systems --- category theory --- topology --- data fusion --- interpolative reasoning --- non-monotonic reasoning --- logic programming --- constraint-di --- Systems, Fuzzy --- Sets, Fuzzy --- System analysis --- Fuzzy logic --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Set theory

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made 'for the sake of argument' sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonic logic are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked.

Commonsense reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic) --- Hypothesis. --- Induction (Logic) --- Inference. --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic). --- Induction (Logic). --- Commonsense reasoning --- Hypothesis --- Inference --- Nonmonotonic reasoning --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Inductive logic --- Logic, Inductive --- Logic --- Assumption --- Supposition --- Science --- Conditional statements (Logic) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Common sense reasoning --- Methodology --- Induction (logique) --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Artificial intelligence --- Logique --- Knowledge representation