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Dissertation
Preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams by in-situ generation of the blowing agent (CO2)
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Nowadays, polyurethanes are produced thanks to the reaction between diol and diisocyanate species. Diisocyanate usage beeing subject to restrictions under REACH regulations due to its toxicity, many efforts are devoted to the substitution of diisocyanates for the synthesis of polyurethane. The most elegant pathway for the fabrication of isocyanate-free polyurethane is based on the reaction between CO2 and epoxide, leading to 5-membered cyclic carbonate (5CC) monomer. The 5CC reaction with diamine comonomer allows the formation of poly(beta-hydroxyurethane) polymer (PHU). However, the challenge lies in mimicking the CO2 generating isocyanate-water reaction of conventional PUs for PHU foaming. Herein, we designed a self-blowing technique thanks to in-situ generation of CO2 based on 5-membered CC reactivity. The study of model reactions confirmed the CO2 release thanks to 5CC reactivity in conventional experimental conditions. The study was then extended to linear polymer synthesis as a preliminary step to foam formulation. Basic formulation and foaming process screening were then conducted before more rigourous PHU foam samples characterisation. The effect of conventional PU additives on foam characteristics was also studied. RAMAN spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, SEM and DMA experiments were performed to state on properties of prepared NIPU foams.


Book
Biopolymers from Natural Resources
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)—PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)—PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- n/a --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL


Book
Biopolymers from Natural Resources
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Export citation

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Abstract

This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Keywords

PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)—PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)—PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- n/a --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL


Book
Biopolymers from Natural Resources
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution

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