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This Special Issue on ‘Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding’ comprises 10 papers covering a wide range of subjects, including the expression-level investigation of genes in terms of salinity stress adaptations and their relationships with proteomics in rice, the use of genetic analysis to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in promising hybrids of maize, the use of DNA markers based on PCR in rice, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wheat and simple sequence repeats (SSR) in rice, the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in cereals, and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing of related with LTR RNA retrotransposon in triticale prior to the genomic selection of heterotic maize hybrids.

Research & information: general --- maize --- density tolerance --- combining ability --- gene effects --- genetic diversity --- rice --- salinity --- submergence tolerance --- blast --- SSR markers --- PCR analysis --- long non-coding RNAs --- seed development --- Nanopore sequencing --- retrotransposons --- triticale --- prediction accuracy --- mixed linear and Bayesian models --- machine learning algorithms --- training set size and composition --- parametric and nonparametric models --- drought stress --- dendrogram --- barley --- breeding --- marker-assisted selection --- genes --- genetic resources --- genome editing --- health benefits --- metabolomics --- oat --- QTL --- wheat --- Triticum aestivum L. --- QMrl-7B --- root traits --- grain yield --- nitrogen use efficiency --- GWAS --- salinity tolerance --- Vietnamese landraces --- abiotic stress --- root --- auxin --- YUCCA --- PIN --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- n/a

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This Special Issue on ‘Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding’ comprises 10 papers covering a wide range of subjects, including the expression-level investigation of genes in terms of salinity stress adaptations and their relationships with proteomics in rice, the use of genetic analysis to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in promising hybrids of maize, the use of DNA markers based on PCR in rice, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wheat and simple sequence repeats (SSR) in rice, the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in cereals, and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing of related with LTR RNA retrotransposon in triticale prior to the genomic selection of heterotic maize hybrids.

Research & information: general --- maize --- density tolerance --- combining ability --- gene effects --- genetic diversity --- rice --- salinity --- submergence tolerance --- blast --- SSR markers --- PCR analysis --- long non-coding RNAs --- seed development --- Nanopore sequencing --- retrotransposons --- triticale --- prediction accuracy --- mixed linear and Bayesian models --- machine learning algorithms --- training set size and composition --- parametric and nonparametric models --- drought stress --- dendrogram --- barley --- breeding --- marker-assisted selection --- genes --- genetic resources --- genome editing --- health benefits --- metabolomics --- oat --- QTL --- wheat --- Triticum aestivum L. --- QMrl-7B --- root traits --- grain yield --- nitrogen use efficiency --- GWAS --- salinity tolerance --- Vietnamese landraces --- abiotic stress --- root --- auxin --- YUCCA --- PIN --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- maize --- density tolerance --- combining ability --- gene effects --- genetic diversity --- rice --- salinity --- submergence tolerance --- blast --- SSR markers --- PCR analysis --- long non-coding RNAs --- seed development --- Nanopore sequencing --- retrotransposons --- triticale --- prediction accuracy --- mixed linear and Bayesian models --- machine learning algorithms --- training set size and composition --- parametric and nonparametric models --- drought stress --- dendrogram --- barley --- breeding --- marker-assisted selection --- genes --- genetic resources --- genome editing --- health benefits --- metabolomics --- oat --- QTL --- wheat --- Triticum aestivum L. --- QMrl-7B --- root traits --- grain yield --- nitrogen use efficiency --- GWAS --- salinity tolerance --- Vietnamese landraces --- abiotic stress --- root --- auxin --- YUCCA --- PIN --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry

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Vegetable crops provide valuable minerals and vitamins that are indispensible for human health. Scientists have been working on the genetics of vegetable crops, deciphering the molecular bases of agronomically important traits. These genetic bases and variations in vegetable traits will greatly facilitate vegetable genetic improvement. Therefore, the genes of and genetic research on vegetable crops are of great importance. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 important research papers addressing the genes, genetics, and breeding of major vegetable crops. In the present book, the authors described the genes and QTLs responsible for stress tolerance, disease resistance, vegetable yield, and quality. The 13 research papers cover germplasm enhancement and evaluation, QTL mapping, gene isolation, marker development, and gene expression as well as gene editing in a wide range of vegetable species, including broccoli, pepper, eggplant, onion, and Cucurbita species. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of improving breeding efficiency with molecular breeding to generate environment-adaptive, high-yield, and high-quality vegetable crops with which to feed the global population of 9.7 billion in an extreme climate by 2050.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- pepper --- Capsicum annuum --- Phytophthora capsici --- high-density genetic map --- QTL --- Capcicum annuum L. --- RNA-Seq --- nitrogen-use efficiency --- low-nitrogen tolerance --- CaHSP18.1a --- gene silencing --- transgenic Arabidopsis --- heat stress --- gene expression --- pumpkin --- simple sequence repeat (SSR) --- syntenic relationship --- cross-species markers --- population structure --- eggplant --- heat shock factor (Hsf) --- heat shock protein (Hsp) --- thermotolerance --- C. frutescens --- SSR --- germplasm --- genetic diversity --- CRISPR/Cas --- gene knockout --- genome editing --- germplasm resource --- precision editing --- regulatory framework --- trait improvement --- Brassica oleracea --- broccoli --- candidate gene --- anthocyanin --- allelochemicals --- VOCs properties --- VOCs action --- VOCs detection --- green agriculture --- progress --- genetic researches --- molecular breeding --- transcriptomics --- transcription factor --- heritability --- genetic advance --- multi-trait selection --- principal component analysis --- HRM --- molecular marker --- phylogenetic analysis --- RNA sequencing --- SCAR --- SNP --- n/a

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This reprint is a continuation of our previous reprint “Sustainable agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering applications” [ISBN 978-3-0365-2921-9], which was published in January 2022. The reprint contains research and review works focused on agricultural engineering technologies and applications. In this regard, the reprint covers topics including agricultural storage, quality evaluation of fruits, evaporative cooling and desiccant systems, solar coffee roasting, solar yogurt processing, greenhouse environment, greenhouse ventilation, greenhouse thermal requirements, aquaculture production system, bioreactor landfill, waste management, fertilization reduction in agriculture, sustainable porous surfaces, simulation and modeling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Such agricultural engineering studies are urgently needed in the 21st century, particularly from the perspective of the agriculture–energy–food security nexus.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- greenhouse --- microclimate --- Bayesian optimization --- deep neural network --- roses yield --- Gaussian process --- gradient boosting --- pool boiling heat transfer coefficient --- sintered coated porous surfaces --- gaussian process --- gradient boosting regression trees --- response surface --- renovation index --- CFD simulation --- airflow --- evaporative cooling --- desiccant dehumidification --- agricultural storage --- air conditioning --- system performance --- lemon cordial --- microwave --- preservation --- green processing --- antioxidant potential --- renewable energy --- Scheffler concentrator reflector --- batch-type solar roaster --- response surface methodology --- coffee roasting --- municipal solid waste --- sanitary landfill --- open dumps --- waste to energy --- climate change --- yogurt processing --- solar energy --- solar-based heating and cooling --- thermal analysis --- vegetable yield --- nitrogen use efficiency --- nutrient leaching --- leaching-to-input ratio --- nitrogen fertilizer economic benefit --- environment --- eutrophication --- particulate fraction --- effluent --- treatment --- thermal screens --- heating demand --- TRNSYS --- greenhouse internal temperature --- building energy simulation --- longwave radiation --- soil total nitrogen --- BP neural network --- support vector machines --- spatial distribution --- remote sensing

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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.

nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- n/a