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Materials from renewable resources have attracted increasing attention in recent decades as a result of environmental concerns and due to the depletion of petroleum resources. Polymeric materials from renewable sources have a long history. They were used in ancient times and later accompanied the development of man and civilization. Currently, they are widespread in many areas of life and used, for example, in packaging and in the automotive, construction and pharmaceutical industries.The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the progress in the manufacturing, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly polymeric blends from renewable resources. The following aspects were investigated: (i) synthesis of composites based on natural llers; (ii) chemical modi cation of polymers or fillers in order to improve interfacial interactions; (iii) potential applications of the biobased materials.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- lignin --- microspheres --- composites --- polymeric material --- fractionation --- porosity --- radiation grafting --- cotton linter --- phosphate adsorption --- dynamic studies --- bio-polyethylene --- barley straw --- thermomechanical fibers --- interface --- automotive industry --- natural fiber --- polypropylene --- stiffness --- curauá fibers --- microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) --- unsaturated polyester resins --- thermogravimetric analysis (TG) --- mechanical analysis --- dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) --- LignoBoost® kraft lignin --- potentiometric sensors --- carbon nanotubes --- impedance spectroscopy --- transition metals --- rice nanofibers --- biocomposites --- casting --- mechanical properties --- thermal properties --- rigid polyurethane foams --- lignocellulosic materials --- filler --- chemical treatment --- mechanical characteristics --- pyrolysis process --- Caragana korshinskii biochar --- physicochemical properties --- adsorption characteristics --- nitrate nitrogen --- bio-oil --- polyurethanes --- hemp shives --- bio-filler --- oil impregnation --- sugar beet pulp --- thermal conductivity --- polyurethane composites --- lavender --- kaolinite --- hydroxyapatite --- high-ball milling process --- antibacterial activity --- wood–resin composites --- unsaturated polyester resin --- recycled PET --- wood flour --- renewable resources --- silver nanoparticles --- n/a --- curauá fibers --- wood-resin composites

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Materials from renewable resources have attracted increasing attention in recent decades as a result of environmental concerns and due to the depletion of petroleum resources. Polymeric materials from renewable sources have a long history. They were used in ancient times and later accompanied the development of man and civilization. Currently, they are widespread in many areas of life and used, for example, in packaging and in the automotive, construction and pharmaceutical industries.The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the progress in the manufacturing, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly polymeric blends from renewable resources. The following aspects were investigated: (i) synthesis of composites based on natural llers; (ii) chemical modi cation of polymers or fillers in order to improve interfacial interactions; (iii) potential applications of the biobased materials.

lignin --- microspheres --- composites --- polymeric material --- fractionation --- porosity --- radiation grafting --- cotton linter --- phosphate adsorption --- dynamic studies --- bio-polyethylene --- barley straw --- thermomechanical fibers --- interface --- automotive industry --- natural fiber --- polypropylene --- stiffness --- curauá fibers --- microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) --- unsaturated polyester resins --- thermogravimetric analysis (TG) --- mechanical analysis --- dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) --- LignoBoost® kraft lignin --- potentiometric sensors --- carbon nanotubes --- impedance spectroscopy --- transition metals --- rice nanofibers --- biocomposites --- casting --- mechanical properties --- thermal properties --- rigid polyurethane foams --- lignocellulosic materials --- filler --- chemical treatment --- mechanical characteristics --- pyrolysis process --- Caragana korshinskii biochar --- physicochemical properties --- adsorption characteristics --- nitrate nitrogen --- bio-oil --- polyurethanes --- hemp shives --- bio-filler --- oil impregnation --- sugar beet pulp --- thermal conductivity --- polyurethane composites --- lavender --- kaolinite --- hydroxyapatite --- high-ball milling process --- antibacterial activity --- wood–resin composites --- unsaturated polyester resin --- recycled PET --- wood flour --- renewable resources --- silver nanoparticles --- n/a --- curauá fibers --- wood-resin composites

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The concept of nitrogen gap (NG), i.e., its recognition and amelioration, forms the core of this book entitled Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Determination of the presence of an NG between fields on a farm and/or within a particular field, together with its size, requires a set of highly reliable diagnostic tools. The necessary set of diagnostic tools, based classically on pedological and agrochemical methods, should be currently supported by remote-sensing methods. A combination of these two groups of methods is the only way to recognize the factors responsible for yield gap (YG) appearance and to offer a choice of measures for its effective amelioration. The NG concept is discussed in the two first papers (Grzebisz and Łukowiak, Agronomy 2021, 11, 419; Łukowiak et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1959). Crop productivity depends on a synchronization of plant demand for nitrogen and its supply from soil resources during the growing season. The action of nitrate nitrogen (N–NO3), resulting in direct plant crop response, can be treated by farmers as a crucial growth factor. The expected outcome also depends on the status of soil fertility factors, including pools of available nutrients and the activity of microorganisms. Three papers are devoted to these basic aspects of soil fertility management (Sulewska et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1958; Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1701; Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2021, 11, 1333). The resistance of a currently cultivated crop to seasonal weather variability depends to a great extent on the soil fertility level. This aspect is thoroughly discussed for three distinct soil types and climates with respect to their impact on yield (Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1160—Czech Republic; Wang et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1237—China; Łukowiak and Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1364—Poland). In the fourth section of this book, the division a particular field into homogenous production zones is discussed as a basis for effective nitrogen management within the field. This topic is presented for different regions and crops (China, Poland, and the USA) (Cammarano et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1767; Panek et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1842; Larson et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1858).

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Triticum aestivum L. --- farmyard manure --- mineral fertilizers --- crude protein content --- soil properties, site-specific requirements --- yield --- site-specific nitrogen management --- regional optimal nitrogen management --- net return --- nitrogen use efficiency --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- seed density --- N uptake --- indices of N productivity --- mineral N --- indigenous Nmin at spring --- post-harvest Nmin --- N balance --- N efficiency --- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II --- chlorophyll content index --- soil enzymatic activity --- biological index fertility --- nitrogenase activity --- microelements fertilization (Ti --- Si --- B --- Mo --- Zn) --- soil --- nitrate nitrogen content --- contents of available phosphorus --- potassium --- magnesium --- calcium --- cardinal stages of WOSR growth --- PCA --- site-specific nutrient management --- soil brightness --- satellite remote sensing --- crop yield --- soil fertility --- winter wheat --- winter triticale --- vegetation indices --- NDVI --- grain yield --- number of spikes --- economics --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- on-the-go sensors --- winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence --- N input --- N total uptake --- N gap --- Beta vulgaris L. --- organic manure --- weather conditions --- soil chemistry --- sugar concentration --- climatic potential yield --- yield gap --- soil constraints --- subsoil --- remote sensing-techniques --- field --- a field --- crop production --- sustainability --- homogenous productivity units --- nitrogen indicators: in-season --- spatial --- vertical variability of N demand and supply --- spectral imagery

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The concept of nitrogen gap (NG), i.e., its recognition and amelioration, forms the core of this book entitled Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Determination of the presence of an NG between fields on a farm and/or within a particular field, together with its size, requires a set of highly reliable diagnostic tools. The necessary set of diagnostic tools, based classically on pedological and agrochemical methods, should be currently supported by remote-sensing methods. A combination of these two groups of methods is the only way to recognize the factors responsible for yield gap (YG) appearance and to offer a choice of measures for its effective amelioration. The NG concept is discussed in the two first papers (Grzebisz and Łukowiak, Agronomy 2021, 11, 419; Łukowiak et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1959). Crop productivity depends on a synchronization of plant demand for nitrogen and its supply from soil resources during the growing season. The action of nitrate nitrogen (N–NO3), resulting in direct plant crop response, can be treated by farmers as a crucial growth factor. The expected outcome also depends on the status of soil fertility factors, including pools of available nutrients and the activity of microorganisms. Three papers are devoted to these basic aspects of soil fertility management (Sulewska et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1958; Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1701; Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2021, 11, 1333). The resistance of a currently cultivated crop to seasonal weather variability depends to a great extent on the soil fertility level. This aspect is thoroughly discussed for three distinct soil types and climates with respect to their impact on yield (Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1160—Czech Republic; Wang et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1237—China; Łukowiak and Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1364—Poland). In the fourth section of this book, the division a particular field into homogenous production zones is discussed as a basis for effective nitrogen management within the field. This topic is presented for different regions and crops (China, Poland, and the USA) (Cammarano et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1767; Panek et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1842; Larson et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1858).

Triticum aestivum L. --- farmyard manure --- mineral fertilizers --- crude protein content --- soil properties, site-specific requirements --- yield --- site-specific nitrogen management --- regional optimal nitrogen management --- net return --- nitrogen use efficiency --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- seed density --- N uptake --- indices of N productivity --- mineral N --- indigenous Nmin at spring --- post-harvest Nmin --- N balance --- N efficiency --- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II --- chlorophyll content index --- soil enzymatic activity --- biological index fertility --- nitrogenase activity --- microelements fertilization (Ti --- Si --- B --- Mo --- Zn) --- soil --- nitrate nitrogen content --- contents of available phosphorus --- potassium --- magnesium --- calcium --- cardinal stages of WOSR growth --- PCA --- site-specific nutrient management --- soil brightness --- satellite remote sensing --- crop yield --- soil fertility --- winter wheat --- winter triticale --- vegetation indices --- NDVI --- grain yield --- number of spikes --- economics --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- on-the-go sensors --- winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence --- N input --- N total uptake --- N gap --- Beta vulgaris L. --- organic manure --- weather conditions --- soil chemistry --- sugar concentration --- climatic potential yield --- yield gap --- soil constraints --- subsoil --- remote sensing-techniques --- field --- a field --- crop production --- sustainability --- homogenous productivity units --- nitrogen indicators: in-season --- spatial --- vertical variability of N demand and supply --- spectral imagery

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The concept of nitrogen gap (NG), i.e., its recognition and amelioration, forms the core of this book entitled Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Determination of the presence of an NG between fields on a farm and/or within a particular field, together with its size, requires a set of highly reliable diagnostic tools. The necessary set of diagnostic tools, based classically on pedological and agrochemical methods, should be currently supported by remote-sensing methods. A combination of these two groups of methods is the only way to recognize the factors responsible for yield gap (YG) appearance and to offer a choice of measures for its effective amelioration. The NG concept is discussed in the two first papers (Grzebisz and Łukowiak, Agronomy 2021, 11, 419; Łukowiak et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1959). Crop productivity depends on a synchronization of plant demand for nitrogen and its supply from soil resources during the growing season. The action of nitrate nitrogen (N–NO3), resulting in direct plant crop response, can be treated by farmers as a crucial growth factor. The expected outcome also depends on the status of soil fertility factors, including pools of available nutrients and the activity of microorganisms. Three papers are devoted to these basic aspects of soil fertility management (Sulewska et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1958; Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1701; Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2021, 11, 1333). The resistance of a currently cultivated crop to seasonal weather variability depends to a great extent on the soil fertility level. This aspect is thoroughly discussed for three distinct soil types and climates with respect to their impact on yield (Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1160—Czech Republic; Wang et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1237—China; Łukowiak and Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1364—Poland). In the fourth section of this book, the division a particular field into homogenous production zones is discussed as a basis for effective nitrogen management within the field. This topic is presented for different regions and crops (China, Poland, and the USA) (Cammarano et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1767; Panek et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1842; Larson et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1858).

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Triticum aestivum L. --- farmyard manure --- mineral fertilizers --- crude protein content --- soil properties, site-specific requirements --- yield --- site-specific nitrogen management --- regional optimal nitrogen management --- net return --- nitrogen use efficiency --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- seed density --- N uptake --- indices of N productivity --- mineral N --- indigenous Nmin at spring --- post-harvest Nmin --- N balance --- N efficiency --- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II --- chlorophyll content index --- soil enzymatic activity --- biological index fertility --- nitrogenase activity --- microelements fertilization (Ti --- Si --- B --- Mo --- Zn) --- soil --- nitrate nitrogen content --- contents of available phosphorus --- potassium --- magnesium --- calcium --- cardinal stages of WOSR growth --- PCA --- site-specific nutrient management --- soil brightness --- satellite remote sensing --- crop yield --- soil fertility --- winter wheat --- winter triticale --- vegetation indices --- NDVI --- grain yield --- number of spikes --- economics --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- on-the-go sensors --- winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence --- N input --- N total uptake --- N gap --- Beta vulgaris L. --- organic manure --- weather conditions --- soil chemistry --- sugar concentration --- climatic potential yield --- yield gap --- soil constraints --- subsoil --- remote sensing-techniques --- field --- a field --- crop production --- sustainability --- homogenous productivity units --- nitrogen indicators: in-season --- spatial --- vertical variability of N demand and supply --- spectral imagery