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This book provides important and updated information on current research devoted to urinary biomarkers. Urinary biomarkers are characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological or pathogenic processes of pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention.

Medicine --- poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis --- infection-related glomerulonephritis --- nephritis-associated plasmin receptor --- plasmin --- acute kidney injury --- renal biomarkers --- furosemide stress test --- functional assessment --- urine --- diabetic kidney disease --- kidney function --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- statistical clinical model --- machine learning --- acute tubulointerstitial nephritis --- immunology --- biomarkers --- chronic kidney disease --- differential diagnosis --- label-free quantification --- renal transplant --- extracellular vesicles --- acute rejection --- chronic rejection --- chronic allograft dysfunction --- calcineurin-inhibitor nephrotoxicity --- Polyomavirus associated nephropathy --- immunosuppression --- upper urinary tract obstruction --- kidney injury --- neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 --- kidney injury molecule 1 --- cystatin C --- vanin-1 --- microRNA --- uromodulin --- kidney graft function --- biomarker --- kidney transplantation --- long noncoding RNA --- rejection --- microvascular injury --- urinary aminopeptidases --- arterial hypertension --- renal function --- urinary biomarkers --- markers of AKI --- cystatin-C --- NGAL --- KIM-1 --- exercise --- end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) --- cardiovascular disease --- epidemiology --- CKD --- macrophage subpopulation --- renal fibrosis --- trichostatin A --- kidney graft --- T-cell-mediated rejection --- antibody-mediated rejection --- diagnostic test accuracy --- gentamicin --- sepsis --- miRNA --- nephrotoxicity --- vancomycin --- n/a

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Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.

Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- acute kidney injury --- early biomarker --- plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- medication optimization --- older patients --- emergency department --- multimorbidity --- polypharmacy --- potentially inappropriate medication use --- older adults --- prevalence --- determinants --- chronic --- outpatient --- 2019 Beers criteria --- Ethiopia --- pharmacogenomics --- persons with diabetes --- drug–drug interactions --- drug–gene interactions --- cytochrome P450 --- SLCO1B1 --- drug interaction checkers --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenetics --- personalized medicine --- phenprocoumon --- DOACs --- bleeding --- thromboembolism --- HLA --- drug hypersensitivity --- abacavir --- allopurinol --- flucloxacillin --- antiepileptic drugs --- cost-effectiveness --- shared medication record --- medication reconciliation --- drug information service --- hospital pharmacy service --- electronic prescribing --- electronic medical record --- clinical pharmacist --- CYP2D6 --- CYP2D7P --- CYP2D8P --- copy number variation --- CNV --- genotyping --- 5’nuclease assay --- HRM --- high resolution melting --- drug metabolization --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- pharmacogene expression --- medication review --- deprescriptions --- quality of life --- aged --- aged, 80 and over --- nursing homes --- deprescribing --- medication-based risk score --- health outcomes --- cytochromes --- CYP1A2 --- adverse drug reaction --- antipsychotics --- olanzapine --- clozapine --- loxapine --- children --- youth --- digital decision-support --- health services research --- general practice --- process evaluation --- antidepressants --- utility --- population-based --- appropriateness --- medication adherence --- digital health --- acute kidney injury --- early biomarker --- plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- medication optimization --- older patients --- emergency department --- multimorbidity --- polypharmacy --- potentially inappropriate medication use --- older adults --- prevalence --- determinants --- chronic --- outpatient --- 2019 Beers criteria --- Ethiopia --- pharmacogenomics --- persons with diabetes --- drug–drug interactions --- drug–gene interactions --- cytochrome P450 --- SLCO1B1 --- drug interaction checkers --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenetics --- personalized medicine --- phenprocoumon --- DOACs --- bleeding --- thromboembolism --- HLA --- drug hypersensitivity --- abacavir --- allopurinol --- flucloxacillin --- antiepileptic drugs --- cost-effectiveness --- shared medication record --- medication reconciliation --- drug information service --- hospital pharmacy service --- electronic prescribing --- electronic medical record --- clinical pharmacist --- CYP2D6 --- CYP2D7P --- CYP2D8P --- copy number variation --- CNV --- genotyping --- 5’nuclease assay --- HRM --- high resolution melting --- drug metabolization --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- pharmacogene expression --- medication review --- deprescriptions --- quality of life --- aged --- aged, 80 and over --- nursing homes --- deprescribing --- medication-based risk score --- health outcomes --- cytochromes --- CYP1A2 --- adverse drug reaction --- antipsychotics --- olanzapine --- clozapine --- loxapine --- children --- youth --- digital decision-support --- health services research --- general practice --- process evaluation --- antidepressants --- utility --- population-based --- appropriateness --- medication adherence --- digital health

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.

Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- acute kidney injury --- early biomarker --- plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- medication optimization --- older patients --- emergency department --- multimorbidity --- polypharmacy --- potentially inappropriate medication use --- older adults --- prevalence --- determinants --- chronic --- outpatient --- 2019 Beers criteria --- Ethiopia --- pharmacogenomics --- persons with diabetes --- drug–drug interactions --- drug–gene interactions --- cytochrome P450 --- SLCO1B1 --- drug interaction checkers --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenetics --- personalized medicine --- phenprocoumon --- DOACs --- bleeding --- thromboembolism --- HLA --- drug hypersensitivity --- abacavir --- allopurinol --- flucloxacillin --- antiepileptic drugs --- cost-effectiveness --- shared medication record --- medication reconciliation --- drug information service --- hospital pharmacy service --- electronic prescribing --- electronic medical record --- clinical pharmacist --- CYP2D6 --- CYP2D7P --- CYP2D8P --- copy number variation --- CNV --- genotyping --- 5’nuclease assay --- HRM --- high resolution melting --- drug metabolization --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- pharmacogene expression --- medication review --- deprescriptions --- quality of life --- aged --- aged, 80 and over --- nursing homes --- deprescribing --- medication-based risk score --- health outcomes --- cytochromes --- CYP1A2 --- adverse drug reaction --- antipsychotics --- olanzapine --- clozapine --- loxapine --- children --- youth --- digital decision-support --- health services research --- general practice --- process evaluation --- antidepressants --- utility --- population-based --- appropriateness --- medication adherence --- digital health