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Dissertation
Year: 2024 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)
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Le travail non déclaré, appartenant à l’économie informelle, est un concept difficile à mesurer et à quantifier de par sa nature cachée. Pourtant, ses effets négatifs se ressentent au sein de l’économie, des travailleurs, des consommateurs et des gouvernements. Alors que la notion d’offre est fortement analysée dans la littérature, dans la présente étude, nous nous intéressons davantage à la demande. Cette recherche a en effet pour objectif de relever, analyser et comprendre les variables intervenant dans le processus d’achat de biens et de services issus du travail non déclaré en province liégeoise. Des variables démographiques ont été analysées : le sexe, l’âge, les revenus nets par mois du ménage, la situation professionnelle, l’existence d’enfants à charge et l’état civil de l’individu. D’autres variables ont également été croisées avec le recours ou non au travail non déclaré lors de l’achat de biens ou de services : la confiance envers l’Etat, le pouvoir perçu de celui-ci, l’acceptation de certains comportements dans le domaine du travail non déclaré, les normes sociales et les techniques de neutralisation. Ensuite, nous avons questionné le type d’achat réalisé, auprès de qui et pourquoi. Pour se faire, nous avons interrogé 270 personnes à l’aide d’un questionnaire à visée quantitative. En croisant ces diverses variables indépendantes avec notre variable dépendante qu’est l’achat au sein du travail non déclaré, nous visions à définir un profil type d’individu susceptible d’y avoir recours et les enjeux politiques qui y sont liés. Undeclared work, belonging to the informal economy, is a difficult concept to measure and quantify due to its hidden nature. However, its negative effects are felt within the economy, workers, consumers and governments. While the notion of supply is heavily analyzed in the literature, in this study, we are more interested in demand. This research aims to identify, analyze and understand the variables involved in the process of purchasing goods and services resulting from undeclared work in the province of Liège. Demographic variables were analyzed: gender, age, net monthly income of the household, professional situation, existence of dependent children and the marital status of the individual. Other variables were also cross-referenced with the use or not of undeclared work when purchasing goods or services : trusting the State, its perceived power, acceptance of certain behaviors in the field of undeclared work, social norms and neutralization techniques. Then we questioned the type of purchase made, from whom and why. To do this, we surveyed 270 people using a quantitative questionnaire. By crossing these various independent variables with our dependent variable which is the purchase within undeclared work, we aimed to define a typical profile of an individual likely to resort to it and the political issues linked to it.
travail non déclaré --- demande --- confiance --- pouvoir --- techniques de neutralisation --- normes sociales --- undeclared work --- demand --- trust --- power --- neutralization techniques --- social norms --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Criminologie
Book
ISBN: 3036556184 3036556176 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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As modern science and critical scholarship are beginning to recognize nonhuman animals as fellow subjects and conscious, sentient beings with interests and deserving of respect, moral dilemmas abound as humanity acknowledges the threats our activities pose to human and nonhuman animal life, including the sixth mass extinction, anthropogenic climate change, and widespread exploitation. In this 2022 Special Issue of the Journalism and Media journal, communication professors Carrie Freeman and Núria Almiron curated scholarship assessing the impact this environmental havoc is having on nonhuman animals living in nature (including those free-roaming animals who coexist in our urban spaces) and the vital role that media and communication play in contributing to and remedying these crises. Seven scholars across the USA and Spain contributed chapters exploring how issues affecting “wildlife” (such as octopuses, sharks, coyotes, parakeets, and fishes) are constructed in media and political discourses or are perceived and acted upon by public media, and the authors provide prescriptions to problems facing animals in nature, offering constructive guidance to communicators (from activists to journalists to film-makers).
Humanities --- Social interaction --- white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) --- shark–human conflict --- predators/carnivores and perceived threat --- fear --- science --- pseudoscience --- Jaws --- media representation --- Tiger King --- COVID-19 media --- popular culture --- zoos --- quarantine --- captive wildlife --- creative/critical animal and media studies --- rhetoric --- environmental communication --- eudaimonia --- ethos --- more-than-human --- sensitized compassion --- sixth mass extinction --- Racing Extinction --- Seaspiracy --- manta rays --- animal imagery --- colonialism --- fishing --- shark fin trade --- coyotes --- discourse --- neutralization techniques --- killing contests --- wildlife management --- monk parakeet --- Madrid --- press representation --- invasive species --- conservationism --- control methods --- speciesism --- framing analysis --- text analysis --- sentiment analysis --- n/a --- shark-human conflict
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