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Near-death experiences. --- Near-death experiences --- Near-death experiences
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Throughout the ages, comets, enigmatic and beautiful wandering objects that appear for weeks or months, have alternately fascinated and terrified humankind. The result of five years of careful research, Atlas of Great Comets is a generously illustrated reference on thirty of the greatest comets that have been witnessed and documented since the Middle Ages. Special attention is given to the cultural and scientific impact of each appearance, supported by a wealth of images, from woodcuts, engravings, historical paintings and artifacts, to a showcase of the best astronomical photos and images. Following the introduction, giving the broad historical context and a modern scientific interpretation, the Great Comets feature in chronological order. For each, there is a contemporary description of its appearance along with its scientific, cultural and historical significance. Whether you are an armchair astronomer or a seasoned comet-chaser, this spectacular reference deserves a place on your shelf.
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Join David J. Eicher in this fast-paced and entertaining journey through the history, present, and future of these important yet mysterious cosmic bodies. From ancient times, humans have been fascinated by 'broom stars' and 'blazing scimitars' lighting up the sky and moving against the fixed background of stars. The Great Comets of our time still receive in-depth attention - ISON, Hale-Bopp, Hyakutake, West, and others - while recent spacecraft encounters offer amazing insight into the earliest days of the solar system. In this guide you will discover the cutting-edge science of what comets are, how they behave, where they reside, how groups of comets are related, and much more. The author carefully explores the ideas relating comets and life on Earth - and the danger posed by impacts. He finishes with practical, how-to techniques, tips, and tricks on how to successfully observe comets and even to capture your own images of them.
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Over the past 15 years, several biological agents have been developed to target the effectors of inflammation in the body. Most of these have thus found their indication in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and they have now an important part in controlling this disease. However, adverse events should be considered in the risk / benefit ratio at the start of thi s therapy. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the risk of severe infection and cancer related to this new treatment.This study included data from 1143 patients among which each severe infection and cancer were identified. Relative risks were then calculated by comparing the rates of these events. Sub-categories of adverse events were created to clarify what type of infection and / or cancer were observed. Finally, an estimate of survival by Kaplan-Meier method was calculated for these two major adverse events. The experimental group, including patients who were treated with biological agent, and the control group, patients who have never taken any biological agent, were compared across these survival curves.The relative risk associated with the use of biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was 2.1 (confidence interval 95%: 1.7-2.5) for severe infections and 1.0 (confidence interval 95%: 0.7-1.4) for the development of cancer. Survival rate without severe infection was Jower in the experimental group but it remained constant from one year to another. However, survival beyond 11 years of monitoring was imprecise because this study did not include enough patients at risk beyond this period.This study showed a significant increase in the incidence of severe infections m patients treated with biological agent. As for cancer, this study failed to show any significant relationship with the new drug in their occurrence. ln addition, this work evaluated the evolution of survival without severe infection and without cancer. This was constant over the first 11 years of follow-up. lt would be interesting to carry out further studies to clarify the long-terrn evolution. Finally, 1 have observed an increase in various types of severe infections including that of nature osteoarticular, pulmonary, mycobacterial and herpes zoster. Also, I have not shown an association between biological agent and digestive infections, abscesses and various types of cancer. However, 1think it is necessary to perforrn other work in order to clarify these risks. Au cours des 15 dernières années, plusieurs agents biologiques ont été développés ciblant certains effecteurs de l'inflammation dans l'organisme. La plupart de ceux-ci ont ainsi trouvé leur indication dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et y trouvent maintenant une grande place dans le contrôle de cette pathologie. Cependant, les évènements indésirables doivent être pris en compte dans le rapport bénéfice/risque lors de la mise en route de cette thérapie. Cette étude rétrospective a pour objectif principal d'évaluer le risque d'infection sévère et de cancer lié à ce nouveau traitement.Cette étude a inclus les données de 1143 patients parmi lesquels chaque infection sévère et chaque cancer ont été répertoriés. Les risques relatifs ont ensuite été calcu lés en comparant les taux de ces évènements. Puis, j 'ai créé des catégories à ces 2 effets secondaires étudiés dans ce mémoire pour préciser quels types d 'infection et/ou de cancer étaient favorisés. Enfin, une estimation du taux de survie par la méthode de Kaplan-Meier a été calculée pour ces 2 principaux évènements indésirables. Le groupe expérimental, comprenant les patients qui ont été traités par agent biologique, et le groupe contrôle, patients qui n'ont jamais pris d'agent biologique, ont été comparés à travers ces courbes de survie.Résultats : Le risque relatif associé à la pnse d'agent biologique dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde était de 2,1 (Intervalle de confiance à 95% : 1,7-2,5) pour les infections sévères et de 1,0 (Intervalle de confiance à 95% : 0,7-1,4) pour le développement d'un cancer. Le taux de survie sans infection sévère était plus faible pour le groupe expérimental mais celui-ci restait constant d'une année à l'autre. Cependant, la survie au-delà de 11 années de suivis était imprécise car cette étude ne comportait pas assez de patients à risque au-delà de cette période. Cette étude montrait une augmentation claire de l 'incidence des infections sévères chez les patient s traités par agent biologique. Quant au cancer, ce travail n'a pas réussi a montré de lien significatif avec ces nouveaux médicament dans leur survenue. De plus, ce travail évaluait l'évolution du taux de survie sans infection sévère et sans cancer. Celui-ci était constant sur les 11 premières années de suivi. Il serait intéressant de réaliser d'autres études pour préciser cette évolution à long terme. Enfin, j'ai observé une augmentati on des différents types d'infections sévères notamment celle de nature ostéoarticula ire, pulmonaire, mycobactérienne et du zona. D'autre part, je n'ai pas démontré de lien entre les agents biologiques et les infections digestives, les abcès et les différents types de cancer. Cependant, je pense qu 'il est nécessaire d'effectuer d'autres travaux pour pouvoir préciser ces risques.
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This volume explores developments in techniques in diagnostics, DNA sequencing, bioanalysis of immunoassays, and single-molecule detection. It promotes the measurement, identification, monitoring, analysis, and application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to medical and pharmaceutical advances. The text also considers noninvasive methods of NIR for successful, cost-effective, and prompt diagnoses of diseases.
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