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Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments, responsible for many of the orange/red/purple/blue colors of many flowers, fruits, and vegetables. These colorants play important roles in plants, such as conferring UV protection and antimicrobial properties, and they are also implicated to have many potential human health-promoting properties. Research works and epidemiological studies have indicated these plant pigments to be beneficial in the reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in their incorporation in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and dietary supplements as naturally derived colorants and health-promoting compounds. There is a large natural diversity in the chemical composition of anthocyanin pigments. More than 700 unique anthocyanin structures have been identified, and each has unique colorimetric, reactivity, and health-promoting properties. With such a great number of unique anthocyanins and increasing interest in their use, there is a considerable need to better understand the factors affecting their production and accumulation in plants, the factors affecting their stability and colorimetric properties, and their metabolism and mechanisms for disease alleviation. This Special Issue includes several new research works dedicated to these topics and a review of the current knowledge of anthocyanin chemistry affecting their application in food and nutrition.

and cosmetics --- Natural colorants --- Botanical aspects --- Anthocyanin chemistry and application --- drugs --- Anthocyanin absorption and metabolism --- Anthocyanins --- Color quality of foods --- Anthocyanin Bioactivity and functionality --- Chronic diseases reduction

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The close relationship between food intake and health promotion is not new; it dates back to Hippocrates’s famous “let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”, which is still as timely as ever. In recent years, some scientific evidence has supported this statement, showing that dietary plant extracts, or bioactive compounds isolated therefrom, are able to prevent or slow down the progression of chronic and degenerative diseases, making them particularly interesting from a nutraceutical point of view. On the other hand, extensive chemical investigations of functional plant extracts’ constituents are needed to rationalize certain bioactivity, in terms of efficacy and safety.

antioxidant effect --- lectins --- nanoliposomes --- purity grade --- quercetin --- trans-aconitic acid --- anthocyanins --- antioxidant activity --- bioactive compounds --- colorants --- fruit juices --- polyphenols --- wild blueberry --- antidiabetic --- cardioprotective --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- okra --- phytotherapy --- Jamaican cherry --- fermentation --- Lactobacillus plantarum --- antioxidant --- food nutrition improvement --- okra mucilage --- okra polysaccharides --- biopolymer --- α-amylase activity --- α-glucosidase activity --- antidiabetic activity --- biodegradable --- edible film --- release --- pectin --- sodium caseinate --- oil oxidation --- waste biomass --- coffee --- Coffea arabica --- phenolic --- free-radical scavenging --- iron chelating --- cytotoxic --- plant secondary metabolites --- antiviral activity --- food --- noroviruses --- MNV --- FCV --- yogurt --- betalains --- encapsulation --- lyophilization --- ionizing radiation --- radioprotection --- flavonoids --- plant extracts --- oxidative stress --- zebrafish embryo --- carotenoids --- Trapa bispinosa Roxb. --- polyphenol --- ellagitannin --- gallotannin --- α-glucosidase inhibitor --- advanced glycation end products (AGEs) --- antiglycation effect --- LC/UV/ESIMS analysis --- anti-diabetic --- abscisic acid --- Diabetes mellitus --- molecular docking --- phytohormones --- spray drying --- vegetable powders --- beetroot --- natural colorants --- violet betalain pigments --- bioactivity --- medicinal plants --- wild fruits --- industrial crops --- PCA --- HCA --- phenols --- TEAC --- roasting --- GAE

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The world population is expected to reach almost 10,000 million in 2050, so, it is necessary to use our resources efficiently: to produce more food using less land and pollute less, to optimize the production and use of biomass from diversified resources. For this, new approaches and processes, with special emphasis from a biotechnological perspective, may need to be implemented to move towards a circular model that will confer environmental sustainability. In this book, the analysis and optimization of some examples of food and bioproduct processes, as well as development of innovative and emerging food and byproducts processing methods, are considered. Valorization, bioprocessing, and biorefining of food-industry-based streams, the role of industrial microorganisms, the isolation of high added-value compounds, applications of the resulting bio-based chemicals in food manufacturing, novel food formulations, among others, are addressed.

Research & information: general --- vinegar --- wine --- acetification --- bioprocesses --- experimental design --- polynomial modelling --- black-box models --- eggplant --- anthocyanins --- natural colorants --- bioactivity --- wheat --- germ --- wheat byproducts --- agglutinin --- WGA --- toxicity --- glycosylation --- N-Acetylglucosamine --- GlcNAc --- carbohydrate --- bioreactor systems --- optimization --- kombucha tea --- microbial diversity --- bacterial cellulose --- Komagataeibacter xylinus --- repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR --- typing --- basil --- design of experiments --- valorization strategies --- chicken breast fillets --- color --- cooking loss --- cooking temperature --- cooking time --- microbiological safety --- shear force --- sous vide cooking --- TBARS --- sourdough --- yeasts --- lactic acid bacteria --- bioactive compounds --- exopolysaccharides --- antifungal activity --- pectinase immobilization --- nylon 6/6 carrier --- pectinolytic activity --- reusability --- stability --- lactic fermentation --- functional beverages --- volatile compounds --- antioxidant activity --- jackfruit --- jackfruit processing --- by-products --- extraction methods --- phenolic compounds --- pectin --- emerging technologies --- innovative technologies --- functional ingredients --- olive oil extraction --- microbial consortium --- phenols --- functional foods --- compostable bioplastics --- coatings --- contact angle --- grease resistance --- paper --- WVTR --- LED --- foams --- cellulose --- natural fibers --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- sparkling wine --- protein --- interact omics --- amino acid metabolism --- yeast --- GO terms --- vinegar --- wine --- acetification --- bioprocesses --- experimental design --- polynomial modelling --- black-box models --- eggplant --- anthocyanins --- natural colorants --- bioactivity --- wheat --- germ --- wheat byproducts --- agglutinin --- WGA --- toxicity --- glycosylation --- N-Acetylglucosamine --- GlcNAc --- carbohydrate --- bioreactor systems --- optimization --- kombucha tea --- microbial diversity --- bacterial cellulose --- Komagataeibacter xylinus --- repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR --- typing --- basil --- design of experiments --- valorization strategies --- chicken breast fillets --- color --- cooking loss --- cooking temperature --- cooking time --- microbiological safety --- shear force --- sous vide cooking --- TBARS --- sourdough --- yeasts --- lactic acid bacteria --- bioactive compounds --- exopolysaccharides --- antifungal activity --- pectinase immobilization --- nylon 6/6 carrier --- pectinolytic activity --- reusability --- stability --- lactic fermentation --- functional beverages --- volatile compounds --- antioxidant activity --- jackfruit --- jackfruit processing --- by-products --- extraction methods --- phenolic compounds --- pectin --- emerging technologies --- innovative technologies --- functional ingredients --- olive oil extraction --- microbial consortium --- phenols --- functional foods --- compostable bioplastics --- coatings --- contact angle --- grease resistance --- paper --- WVTR --- LED --- foams --- cellulose --- natural fibers --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- sparkling wine --- protein --- interact omics --- amino acid metabolism --- yeast --- GO terms

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In the search for a healthier diet and facing the uncertainties about the consumption of artificial additives, the scientific community has explored in the last years the potential of natural compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, essential oils, tocopherols, vitamins, polysaccharides, among others, obtained from the most diverse sources, such as plants and fungi, for the replacement of the artificial additives in food, which has made these compounds recognized as “natural additives”. In addition to being considered less harmful to health, and giving a certain functional property to a foodstuff, natural additives can also provide a beneficial synergistic effect in the food matrix. For the consumers, diverse studies have been showed that regular ingestion of bioactive compounds, that can be applied as natural additives, can be helpful for the prevention/treatment of several chronic and aging illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. However, there is much to be researched on the viable use of bioactive compounds and to overcome their chemical limitations so that it can actually be used as natural additives in foods. This book addresses, through 18 scientific articles, some natural compounds with potential for use as preservatives, nutritional additives, coloring agents, flavorings, and various agents.

Technology: general issues --- trisodium citrate --- microbial transglutaminase --- casein gels --- textural properties --- microstructures --- Urtica spp. --- bioactive compounds --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- traditional medicine --- food industry --- animal breeding --- beta cyclodextrin --- ewe’s milk --- cheese --- Manchego --- lipids --- cholesterol --- anthocyanin --- natural extract --- tetraethyl orthosilicate --- black carrot --- black rice flour --- anthocyanins --- low gluten muffins --- added value products --- soymilk --- enzyme modified soymilk --- skim milk --- rennet induced gelation --- rheological properties --- egg yolk --- cholesterol extraction --- granules extraction --- anionic chelating biopolymers --- ADME --- absorption --- chlorophylls --- chlorophyllin --- green colorant --- zinc-chlorophylls --- copper-chlorophyll --- coloring foodstuff --- natural colorants --- food colors --- pomelo peel --- essential oil --- anti-oxidant --- anti-melanogenic --- B16 melanoma cell --- oxygen-containing sulfur flavor molecules --- β-carotene --- bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide (BMFDS) --- oxidation products --- beetroot --- betalains --- semi-preparative RP-HPLC --- in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion --- ex vivo colon fermentation --- antioxidant ability --- malonildialdehyde --- extra virgin olive oil --- leaf addition --- Tunisian varieties --- phenolics --- tocopherols --- Prunus spinosa L. fruit epicarp --- wild fruit valorization --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- peonidin 3-rutinoside --- heat and ultrasound assisted extraction --- response surface methodology --- Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens leaves --- red rubin basil --- Heat-Assisted Extraction --- extraction optimization --- polyphenols --- tiger nut --- by-products --- solvent extraction --- horchata de chufa --- triple TOF-LC-MS-MS --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- antioxidants --- bergenin --- stress resistance --- lifespan --- Huntington --- uxi --- Endopleura uchi --- Allium cepa red cv. --- Citrus limon --- pickling --- volatiles --- SPME --- chemometrics --- byproducts --- food additives --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- colorants --- texturizing agents --- foaming capacity and emulsifiers --- trisodium citrate --- microbial transglutaminase --- casein gels --- textural properties --- microstructures --- Urtica spp. --- bioactive compounds --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- traditional medicine --- food industry --- animal breeding --- beta cyclodextrin --- ewe’s milk --- cheese --- Manchego --- lipids --- cholesterol --- anthocyanin --- natural extract --- tetraethyl orthosilicate --- black carrot --- black rice flour --- anthocyanins --- low gluten muffins --- added value products --- soymilk --- enzyme modified soymilk --- skim milk --- rennet induced gelation --- rheological properties --- egg yolk --- cholesterol extraction --- granules extraction --- anionic chelating biopolymers --- ADME --- absorption --- chlorophylls --- chlorophyllin --- green colorant --- zinc-chlorophylls --- copper-chlorophyll --- coloring foodstuff --- natural colorants --- food colors --- pomelo peel --- essential oil --- anti-oxidant --- anti-melanogenic --- B16 melanoma cell --- oxygen-containing sulfur flavor molecules --- β-carotene --- bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide (BMFDS) --- oxidation products --- beetroot --- betalains --- semi-preparative RP-HPLC --- in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion --- ex vivo colon fermentation --- antioxidant ability --- malonildialdehyde --- extra virgin olive oil --- leaf addition --- Tunisian varieties --- phenolics --- tocopherols --- Prunus spinosa L. fruit epicarp --- wild fruit valorization --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- peonidin 3-rutinoside --- heat and ultrasound assisted extraction --- response surface methodology --- Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens leaves --- red rubin basil --- Heat-Assisted Extraction --- extraction optimization --- polyphenols --- tiger nut --- by-products --- solvent extraction --- horchata de chufa --- triple TOF-LC-MS-MS --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- antioxidants --- bergenin --- stress resistance --- lifespan --- Huntington --- uxi --- Endopleura uchi --- Allium cepa red cv. --- Citrus limon --- pickling --- volatiles --- SPME --- chemometrics --- byproducts --- food additives --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- colorants --- texturizing agents --- foaming capacity and emulsifiers

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The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.

Technology: general issues --- fungal pigment --- natural dye --- spalting --- Scytalidium cuboideum --- dramada --- sustainable clothing --- selenium --- biofortification --- transporters --- mycorrhizal fungi --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) --- fungal pigments --- textile dyeing --- toxicity testing --- biotechnological approaches --- challenges --- limits --- Saccharomyces boulardii --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- probiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- Alginate --- β-glucan --- oligosaccharides --- elicitation --- Sargassum species --- Sparassis latifolia --- polyphenol --- antioxidant --- agave mezcalero bagasse --- apple bagasse --- solid-state fermentation --- secondary metabolites --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- Endophytic fungi --- Hyptis dilatata --- Pestalotiopsis mangiferae --- Pestalotiopsis microspora --- chemical elicitors --- antibacterial activity --- LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS --- yeast --- biological control --- postharvest decay --- fruit --- mycorrhizae --- elevated CO2 --- Thymus vulgare --- growth --- photosynthesis --- metabolites --- biological activity --- Candida albicans --- non-albicans Candida species --- Candida auris --- aromatic alcohols --- fungi --- metabolomics --- NTCD --- additives --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- sustainability --- healthy aging --- Mortierella alpina --- animal fat by-product --- arachidonic acid --- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy --- Mucor circinelloides --- high-throughput screening --- metal ions --- phosphorus --- lipids --- biofuel --- FTIR spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- co-production --- natural colorants --- filamentous fungi --- stirred-tank bioreactor --- biodegradable films --- food package --- bioactive compounds --- FIP --- human health --- immunomodulation --- induced apoptosis --- lectin --- medicinal mushrooms --- polysaccharide --- terpenes and terpenoids --- melanin --- carotenoids --- polyketides --- azaphilones --- antitumor --- medical roles --- sphinganine-analog mycotoxins --- fumonisins --- AAL-toxin --- chemical structure --- toxicity --- genetics and evolution --- biosynthesis --- livestock --- ewes --- energy --- cytokines --- yeasts --- liquid swine diets --- MALDI-TOF --- biochemical identification --- growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System --- Candida krusei --- Candida lambica --- M. purpureus --- red yeast rice --- cholesterol reduction --- probiotic potential --- natural colorant --- extraction ability --- marine fungi --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius --- aqueous two-phases system extraction --- ionic liquids --- feed additive --- probiotic --- Sporidiobolus ruineniae --- tannase --- micro-fungi --- macro-fungi --- Ganoderma --- kombucha --- anticancer --- carotenoid --- medicinal mushroom --- mycobiome --- antimicrobial --- antifungal --- bioconversion --- cheese --- dairy --- Sclerotinia --- secondary metabolite --- endophytic fungi --- uncommon secondary metabolites --- fungal pigment --- natural dye --- spalting --- Scytalidium cuboideum --- dramada --- sustainable clothing --- selenium --- biofortification --- transporters --- mycorrhizal fungi --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) --- fungal pigments --- textile dyeing --- toxicity testing --- biotechnological approaches --- challenges --- limits --- Saccharomyces boulardii --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- probiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- Alginate --- β-glucan --- oligosaccharides --- elicitation --- Sargassum species --- Sparassis latifolia --- polyphenol --- antioxidant --- agave mezcalero bagasse --- apple bagasse --- solid-state fermentation --- secondary metabolites --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- Endophytic fungi --- Hyptis dilatata --- Pestalotiopsis mangiferae --- Pestalotiopsis microspora --- chemical elicitors --- antibacterial activity --- LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS --- yeast --- biological control --- postharvest decay --- fruit --- mycorrhizae --- elevated CO2 --- Thymus vulgare --- growth --- photosynthesis --- metabolites --- biological activity --- Candida albicans --- non-albicans Candida species --- Candida auris --- aromatic alcohols --- fungi --- metabolomics --- NTCD --- additives --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- sustainability --- healthy aging --- Mortierella alpina --- animal fat by-product --- arachidonic acid --- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy --- Mucor circinelloides --- high-throughput screening --- metal ions --- phosphorus --- lipids --- biofuel --- FTIR spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- co-production --- natural colorants --- filamentous fungi --- stirred-tank bioreactor --- biodegradable films --- food package --- bioactive compounds --- FIP --- human health --- immunomodulation --- induced apoptosis --- lectin --- medicinal mushrooms --- polysaccharide --- terpenes and terpenoids --- melanin --- carotenoids --- polyketides --- azaphilones --- antitumor --- medical roles --- sphinganine-analog mycotoxins --- fumonisins --- AAL-toxin --- chemical structure --- toxicity --- genetics and evolution --- biosynthesis --- livestock --- ewes --- energy --- cytokines --- yeasts --- liquid swine diets --- MALDI-TOF --- biochemical identification --- growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System --- Candida krusei --- Candida lambica --- M. purpureus --- red yeast rice --- cholesterol reduction --- probiotic potential --- natural colorant --- extraction ability --- marine fungi --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius --- aqueous two-phases system extraction --- ionic liquids --- feed additive --- probiotic --- Sporidiobolus ruineniae --- tannase --- micro-fungi --- macro-fungi --- Ganoderma --- kombucha --- anticancer --- carotenoid --- medicinal mushroom --- mycobiome --- antimicrobial --- antifungal --- bioconversion --- cheese --- dairy --- Sclerotinia --- secondary metabolite --- endophytic fungi --- uncommon secondary metabolites