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"This book tracks the dramatic outcomes of the federal government's growing involvement in higher education between World War I and the 1970s, and the conservative backlash against that involvement from the 1980s onward. Using cutting-edge analysis, Christopher Loss recovers higher education's central importance to the larger social and political history of the United States in the twentieth century, and chronicles its transformation into a key mediating institution between citizens and the state. Framed around the three major federal higher education policies of the twentieth century--the 1944 GI Bill, the 1958 National Defense Education Act, and the 1965 Higher Education Act--the book charts the federal government's various efforts to deploy education to ready citizens for the national, bureaucratized, and increasingly global world in which they lived. Loss details the myriad ways in which academic leaders and students shaped, and were shaped by, the state's shifting political agenda as it moved from a preoccupation with economic security during the Great Depression, to national security during World War II and the Cold War, to securing the rights of African Americans, women, and other previously marginalized groups during the 1960s and '70s. Along the way, Loss reappraises the origins of higher education's current-day diversity regime, the growth of identity group politics, and the privatization of citizenship at the close of the twentieth century. At a time when people's faith in government and higher education is being sorely tested, this book sheds new light on the close relations between American higher education and politics"--

EDUCATION / Higher --- EDUCATION / History --- HISTORY / United States / 20th Century --- Education, Higher --- Federal aid to higher education --- Higher education and state --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- History. --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- Aims and objectives --- Education --- 1920s. --- 1930s. --- 1940s. --- 1944 G.I. Bill. --- 1950s. --- 1958 National Defense Education Act. --- 1960s. --- 1965 Higher Education Act. --- 1970s. --- American higher education. --- American state. --- Army Information and Education Division. --- Cold War. --- G.I. Bill. --- Great Depression. --- Higher Education Act 1965. --- New Deal state. --- New Deal. --- U.S. Army. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- anticommunism. --- bureaucratic state. --- citizen-soldiers. --- democratic citizenship. --- diversity. --- economic security. --- educated citizenship. --- emotional health. --- federal government. --- financial concerns. --- hierarchical organizations. --- higher education. --- identity. --- ideological differences. --- land grants. --- land-grant colleges. --- land-grant universities. --- marginalized groups. --- national leaders. --- national security. --- parastate. --- personal adjustment. --- political apathy. --- political history. --- privatization. --- psychology. --- public opinion polls. --- public opinion. --- rights revolution. --- social history. --- soldier education. --- student well-being. --- student-citizens. --- twentieth century.

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A review of the history of the United States from its colonial origins shows how Americas successful development has always been guided by two basic principles: representative democracy, and a proper division of power between national and subnational governments. The United States of America was established as an independent nation by a congress of delegates from 13 provincial assemblies, each of which consisted of representatives elected by their communities. Since colonial times, local democratic rights have attracted immigrants to help build new towns in the growing nation. Responsible local governments in America have had the power and the incentive to make local public investments for developing prosperous communities. Democratic competition in America has been strengthened by the ability of successful local leaders to become competitive candidates for higher offices. But in spite of Americas example, many nations since the French Revolution have instead been drawn to centralized democracy, as national elites may prefer to centralize power around themselves. Americas successful growth ultimately depended on its citizens basic understanding that their welfare and security were enhanced by a balanced federal division of power between their elected local governments and the higher sovereign government of their nation.

Autocracy --- Autonomy --- Bank --- Bribes --- By elections --- Candidates --- Citizens --- Committees --- Complaints --- Confidence --- Democracy --- Democratic development --- Development policy --- Diplomats --- Elected representatives --- Election --- Equal partners --- Federal government --- Franchise --- Global development --- Governance --- Government --- Government officials --- Governor --- Health, nutrition and population --- Human rights --- Immigrant --- Law --- Leadership --- Legal protection --- Legal rights --- Legislators --- Local governments --- Local representatives --- Majorities --- Minister --- Nation --- National government --- National leaders --- National level --- Officials --- Old regime --- Oligarchy --- Organizations --- Parliament --- Parliamentary government --- Patronage --- Policy --- Policy discussions --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Political decentralization --- Political influence --- Political opposition --- Political power --- Political settlements --- Political support --- Political system --- Political traditions --- Politicians --- Politics --- Politics and government --- Popular support --- Population --- Population policies --- Progress --- Public sector corruption and anticorruption measures --- Public sector development --- Public service --- Representative democracy --- Representative government --- Representatives --- Resolution --- Right to vote --- Rights --- Service --- Slavery --- Sovereignty --- State government --- Strategy --- Universal human rights --- War