Listing 1 - 10 of 7163 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
Regional planning. --- Land use --- National government --- Land use --- National government
Choose an application
This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 38 countries in Africa in 1984-95, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than just higher budgetary allocations.
Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Education: General --- Health: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Health economics --- Expenditure --- Education spending --- Health care spending --- Health --- Expenditures, Public --- Burkina Faso
Choose an application
Econometrics. --- International trade --- Marine transportation --- National government --- Political systems --- Cost analysis --- Demand economics --- International trade --- Marine transportation --- National government --- Political systems --- Cost analysis --- Demand economics
Choose an application
This paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated to Ugandan data to examine the welfare effects of alternative scenarios of government expenditure and tax financing. Two expenditure types are considered: social spending that affects human capital, and infrastructure expenditures that affect productivity. The paper finds that social expenditures lead to higher economic growth depending on the form of financing; young generations benefit most from social spending financed by consumption taxes; agents do not substitute between human and physical capital as a result of changes in expenditure composition; and improving the productivity of fiscal expenditure is both growth and welfare enhancing.
Labor --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Expenditure --- Human capital --- Health care spending --- Consumption taxes --- Education spending --- Taxes --- Expenditures, Public --- Spendings tax --- Uganda
Choose an application
Inequality in Uganda rose during 1989–95, although this rise moderated in 1993–95. In 1993–95, real food consumption became more equal. Regional and urban-rural disparities in income and variations in income accruing to individuals with different educational levels principally explain “between group inequality.” While informal safety nets appear to work for Ugandan middle-class families, a lack of mutual insurance among poor production workers and farmers accentuates the inequality trends. An expansion of formal safety nets would help this segment of the population. The intrasectoral allocation and benefit incidence of expenditures on education and health can be improved to reduce inequality.
Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Income inequality --- Personal income --- Income distribution --- Consumption --- Expenditure --- National accounts --- Income --- Economics --- Expenditures, Public --- Uganda
Choose an application
The IMF is increasingly emphasizing "high-quality growth" - that is, growth that is sustainable, that is accompanied by appropriate domestic and external balances, that respects the environment, and that is aided by policies that reduce poverty and foster greater equity. This pamphlet focuses on how the IMF works to reduce poverty and improve equity.
Poverty --- Fiscal policy --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Security and War --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Public finance & taxation --- Expenditure --- Education spending --- Health care spending --- Defense spending --- Social assistance spending --- Expenditures, Public --- Sri Lanka
Choose an application
This paper studies the impact of expenditure conditionality in IMF programs on the composition of public spending. A granular dataset on different government expenditure conditions covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period is compiled. The results support the view that while conditionality on specific elements of spending could help achieve a program’s short-term objectives, it is structural conditionality which delivers lasting benefits. Structural public financial management conditionality (such as on budget execution and control) has proven to be effective in boosting the long-term level of education, health, and public investment expenditures. The results further indicate that conditionality on raising such spending may come at the expense of other expenditures. Finally, the successful implementation (and not mere existence) of the conditionality is crucial for improved outcomes. These findings are relevant for policy makers targeting achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Bailouts (Government policy) --- Bankruptcy --- Intervention (Federal government) --- Prevention --- Government policy --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Expenditure --- Health care spending --- Public investment spending --- Education spending --- Total expenditures --- Expenditures, Public --- Public investments
Choose an application
During the transition process, many existing social sector institutions and policies were significantly eroded and their underlying character changed. As a result, they often do not redistribute to the poorest, nor generally serve the role of facilitating economic change. Social sector reforms have therefore become necessary for reasons of social welfare as well as economic growth. The analysis of eleven transition countries—comprising some of the most advanced as well as some of the poorest transition economies—shows that almost all countries have started to undertake reforms; however, their individual efforts vary. Reform does not only stand for cutting back, but also requires in some cases a building up and in others a redesign of social safety nets; it needs to address insurance issues, budgetary transfer programs, the performance of the health and education sector, as well as the labor market regime and the approach to tax administration.
Public Finance --- Health Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Comparative Studies of Countries --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics --- Education: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Health systems & services --- Pensions --- Health care --- Expenditure --- Health care spending --- Pension spending --- Social assistance spending --- Health --- Expenditures, Public --- Medical care --- Poland, Republic of
Choose an application
This report provides the details of the IMF's projections and estimates on The Bahamas's basic data; generation and sale of electricity, value of construction starts and completions in the real sector; summary of operations of the nonfinancial public sector, central government revenue and expenditure, summary central government operations in the fiscal sector; summary accounts of the financial system, accounts of the central and commercial banks and other local financial institutions, selected interest rates in the monetary sector; balance of payments, comparative real exchange rates in the external sector, and so on.
Choose an application
Consumption in China is unusually low and has continued to decline as a share of GDP over the past decade. A key policy question is how to reverse this trend, and rebalance growth away from reliance on exports and investment and toward consumption. This paper investigates whether the sizable increase in government social spending in recent years lowered precautionary saving and increased consumption. The main findings are that spending on health, but not education, had an impact on household behavior. The impact, moreover, is large. A one yuan increase in government health spending is associated with a two yuan increase in urban household consumption.
Consumption (Economics) --- Economics --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Health care spending --- Expenditure --- Consumption --- Income --- Education spending --- Expenditures, Public --- China, People's Republic of
Listing 1 - 10 of 7163 | << page >> |
Sort by
|