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Third millennium engineering address new challenges in materials sciences and engineering. In particular, the advances in materials engineering combined with the advances in data acquisition, processing and mining as well as artificial intelligence allow for new ways of thinking in designing new materials and products. Additionally, this gives rise to new paradigms in bridging raw material data and processing to the induced properties and performance. This present topical issue is a compilation of contributions on novel ideas and concepts, addressing several key challenges using data and artificial intelligence, such as:- proposing new techniques for data generation and data mining;- proposing new techniques for visualizing, classifying, modeling, extracting knowledge, explaining and certifying data and data-driven models;- processing data to create data-driven models from scratch when other models are absent, too complex or too poor for making valuable predictions;- processing data to enhance existing physic-based models to improve the quality of the prediction capabilities and, at the same time, to enable data to be smarter; and- processing data to create data-driven enrichment of existing models when physics-based models exhibit limits within a hybrid paradigm.

Technology: general issues --- plasticity --- machine learning --- constitutive modeling --- manifold learning --- topological data analysis --- GENERIC --- soft living tissues --- hyperelasticity --- computational modeling --- data-driven mechanics --- TDA --- Code2Vect --- nonlinear regression --- effective properties --- microstructures --- model calibration --- sensitivity analysis --- elasto-visco-plasticity --- Gaussian process --- high-throughput experimentation --- additive manufacturing --- Ti–Mn alloys --- spherical indentation --- statistical analysis --- Gaussian process regression --- nanoporous metals --- open-pore foams --- FE-beam model --- data mining --- mechanical properties --- hardness --- principal component analysis --- structure–property relationship --- microcompression --- nanoindentation --- analytical model --- finite element model --- artificial neural networks --- model correction --- feature engineering --- physics based --- data driven --- laser shock peening --- residual stresses --- data-driven --- multiscale --- nonlinear --- stochastics --- neural networks --- n/a --- Ti-Mn alloys --- structure-property relationship

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Third millennium engineering address new challenges in materials sciences and engineering. In particular, the advances in materials engineering combined with the advances in data acquisition, processing and mining as well as artificial intelligence allow for new ways of thinking in designing new materials and products. Additionally, this gives rise to new paradigms in bridging raw material data and processing to the induced properties and performance. This present topical issue is a compilation of contributions on novel ideas and concepts, addressing several key challenges using data and artificial intelligence, such as:- proposing new techniques for data generation and data mining;- proposing new techniques for visualizing, classifying, modeling, extracting knowledge, explaining and certifying data and data-driven models;- processing data to create data-driven models from scratch when other models are absent, too complex or too poor for making valuable predictions;- processing data to enhance existing physic-based models to improve the quality of the prediction capabilities and, at the same time, to enable data to be smarter; and- processing data to create data-driven enrichment of existing models when physics-based models exhibit limits within a hybrid paradigm.

Technology: general issues --- plasticity --- machine learning --- constitutive modeling --- manifold learning --- topological data analysis --- GENERIC --- soft living tissues --- hyperelasticity --- computational modeling --- data-driven mechanics --- TDA --- Code2Vect --- nonlinear regression --- effective properties --- microstructures --- model calibration --- sensitivity analysis --- elasto-visco-plasticity --- Gaussian process --- high-throughput experimentation --- additive manufacturing --- Ti-Mn alloys --- spherical indentation --- statistical analysis --- Gaussian process regression --- nanoporous metals --- open-pore foams --- FE-beam model --- data mining --- mechanical properties --- hardness --- principal component analysis --- structure-property relationship --- microcompression --- nanoindentation --- analytical model --- finite element model --- artificial neural networks --- model correction --- feature engineering --- physics based --- data driven --- laser shock peening --- residual stresses --- data-driven --- multiscale --- nonlinear --- stochastics --- neural networks --- plasticity --- machine learning --- constitutive modeling --- manifold learning --- topological data analysis --- GENERIC --- soft living tissues --- hyperelasticity --- computational modeling --- data-driven mechanics --- TDA --- Code2Vect --- nonlinear regression --- effective properties --- microstructures --- model calibration --- sensitivity analysis --- elasto-visco-plasticity --- Gaussian process --- high-throughput experimentation --- additive manufacturing --- Ti-Mn alloys --- spherical indentation --- statistical analysis --- Gaussian process regression --- nanoporous metals --- open-pore foams --- FE-beam model --- data mining --- mechanical properties --- hardness --- principal component analysis --- structure-property relationship --- microcompression --- nanoindentation --- analytical model --- finite element model --- artificial neural networks --- model correction --- feature engineering --- physics based --- data driven --- laser shock peening --- residual stresses --- data-driven --- multiscale --- nonlinear --- stochastics --- neural networks

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This book is a collection of several unique articles on the current state of research on complex concentrated alloys, as well as their compelling future opportunities in wide ranging applications. Complex concentrated alloys consist of multiple principal elements and represent a new paradigm in structural alloy design. They show a range of exceptional properties that are unachievable in conventional alloys, including high strength–ductility combination, resistance to oxidation, corrosion/wear resistance, and excellent high-temperature properties. The research articles, reviews, and perspectives are intended to provide a wholistic view of this multidisciplinary subject of interest to scientists and engineers.

History of engineering & technology --- high-entropy alloy --- laser cladding --- microstructure --- slurry erosion --- Nb/SiC composite material --- hot pressing sintering --- mechanical property --- corrosion --- surface degradation --- wear --- high entropy alloys --- complex concentrated alloys --- potentiodynamic polarization --- erosion-corrosion --- slurry-erosion --- oxidation wear --- highly wear resistant coatings --- multi-principal element alloys --- computational models --- first-principles calculations --- molecular dynamics --- phases --- properties --- dislocation nucleation --- activation volume --- activation energy --- nano-indentation --- high/medium entropy alloys --- spark plasma sintering --- pressure --- mechanical properties --- high-entropy --- high pressure --- high pressure torsion --- diamond anvil cells --- CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys --- additive manufacturing --- corrosion behavior --- non-equilibrium microstructure --- micro-pores --- high-entropy alloys --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- serrated flow --- thermal coarsening --- actuators --- phase transformation --- nanoporous metals and alloys --- AlCoCrFeNi2.1 --- CCA --- HEA --- aging --- precipitates --- tribology --- creep --- stress exponent --- data analysis --- n/a

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The present book is devoted to all aspects of biosensing in a very broad definition, including, but not limited to, biomolecular composition used in biosensors (e.g., biocatalytic enzymes, DNAzymes, abiotic nanospecies with biocatalytic features, bioreceptors, DNA/RNA, aptasensors, etc.), physical signal transduction mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc.), engineering of different biosensing platforms, operation of biosensors in vitro and in vivo (implantable or wearable devices), self-powered biosensors, etc. The biosensors can be represented with analogue devices measuring concentrations of analytes and binary devices operating in the YES/NO format, possibly with logical processing of input signals. Furthermore, the book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to the field, while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.

Technology: general issues --- metabolite sensors --- sensor biocompatibility --- ion selective electrodes --- foreign body reaction --- O2 --- glucose --- lactate --- biosensors --- bioelectrochemistry --- photo-biosensors --- enzyme --- biocatalysis --- electrochemical biosensors --- real-time --- continuous operation --- reagentless --- reusable --- calibration-free --- antibiofouling --- biosensor --- biomimetic membranes --- membrane-bound enzymes --- electrodes --- sulfur-containing nanomaterials --- metallic sulfide nanomaterials --- sulfur-containing quantum dots --- enzyme-based biosensors --- direct electron transfer (DET) --- redox enzymes --- nanostructured electrodes --- protein film voltammetry (PFV) --- glucose biosensors --- nanoporous metals --- nanoporous gold --- graphene --- carbon nanotube --- ordered mesoporous carbon --- additive manufacturing --- heme --- peroxidases --- semiconductors --- peroxidase mimics --- DNA assay --- nucleic acid --- isothermal --- signal amplification --- restriction endonuclease --- wearable biosensors --- metabolism --- remote monitoring --- sweat --- microfluidic --- 3D printing --- nanoparticle --- nanocomposite --- nanozyme --- synthesis --- catalytic properties --- nano-peroxidase --- nanooxidase --- nanolaccase --- electronanocatalyst --- amperometric (bio)sensors --- POC --- microfluidics --- immunosensor --- cancer --- biomarkers --- electrochemical DNA sensor --- nucleic acid sensor --- DNA --- RNA --- pathogen sensing --- 2D-materials --- field-effect transistor --- transition metal dichalcogenides --- black phosphorus --- phosphorene --- hexagonal boron nitride --- transition metal oxides --- current-potential curve --- multi-enzymatic cascades --- multianalyte detection --- mass-transfer-controlled amperometric response --- potentiometric coulometry --- MXenes --- 2D nanomaterials --- wearables --- electrochemistry --- bacteria --- electrochemical ELISA --- electrochemical immunoassays --- electrochemical aptamer-based assays --- chemical sensor --- field effect --- capacitive EIS sensor --- pH sensor --- enzyme biosensor --- label-free detection --- charged molecules --- DNA biosensor --- protein detection --- forensics --- biometrics --- cybersecurity --- fingerprints --- blood --- cipher --- non-invasive biosensors --- human physiological fluids --- tears --- saliva --- urine --- metabolite sensors --- sensor biocompatibility --- ion selective electrodes --- foreign body reaction --- O2 --- glucose --- lactate --- biosensors --- bioelectrochemistry --- photo-biosensors --- enzyme --- biocatalysis --- electrochemical biosensors --- real-time --- continuous operation --- reagentless --- reusable --- calibration-free --- antibiofouling --- biosensor --- biomimetic membranes --- membrane-bound enzymes --- electrodes --- sulfur-containing nanomaterials --- metallic sulfide nanomaterials --- sulfur-containing quantum dots --- enzyme-based biosensors --- direct electron transfer (DET) --- redox enzymes --- nanostructured electrodes --- protein film voltammetry (PFV) --- glucose biosensors --- nanoporous metals --- nanoporous gold --- graphene --- carbon nanotube --- ordered mesoporous carbon --- additive manufacturing --- heme --- peroxidases --- semiconductors --- peroxidase mimics --- DNA assay --- nucleic acid --- isothermal --- signal amplification --- restriction endonuclease --- wearable biosensors --- metabolism --- remote monitoring --- sweat --- microfluidic --- 3D printing --- nanoparticle --- nanocomposite --- nanozyme --- synthesis --- catalytic properties --- nano-peroxidase --- nanooxidase --- nanolaccase --- electronanocatalyst --- amperometric (bio)sensors --- POC --- microfluidics --- immunosensor --- cancer --- biomarkers --- electrochemical DNA sensor --- nucleic acid sensor --- DNA --- RNA --- pathogen sensing --- 2D-materials --- field-effect transistor --- transition metal dichalcogenides --- black phosphorus --- phosphorene --- hexagonal boron nitride --- transition metal oxides --- current-potential curve --- multi-enzymatic cascades --- multianalyte detection --- mass-transfer-controlled amperometric response --- potentiometric coulometry --- MXenes --- 2D nanomaterials --- wearables --- electrochemistry --- bacteria --- electrochemical ELISA --- electrochemical immunoassays --- electrochemical aptamer-based assays --- chemical sensor --- field effect --- capacitive EIS sensor --- pH sensor --- enzyme biosensor --- label-free detection --- charged molecules --- DNA biosensor --- protein detection --- forensics --- biometrics --- cybersecurity --- fingerprints --- blood --- cipher --- non-invasive biosensors --- human physiological fluids --- tears --- saliva --- urine

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The present book is devoted to all aspects of biosensing in a very broad definition, including, but not limited to, biomolecular composition used in biosensors (e.g., biocatalytic enzymes, DNAzymes, abiotic nanospecies with biocatalytic features, bioreceptors, DNA/RNA, aptasensors, etc.), physical signal transduction mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc.), engineering of different biosensing platforms, operation of biosensors in vitro and in vivo (implantable or wearable devices), self-powered biosensors, etc. The biosensors can be represented with analogue devices measuring concentrations of analytes and binary devices operating in the YES/NO format, possibly with logical processing of input signals. Furthermore, the book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to the field, while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.

metabolite sensors --- sensor biocompatibility --- ion selective electrodes --- foreign body reaction --- O2 --- glucose --- lactate --- biosensors --- bioelectrochemistry --- photo-biosensors --- enzyme --- biocatalysis --- electrochemical biosensors --- real-time --- continuous operation --- reagentless --- reusable --- calibration-free --- antibiofouling --- biosensor --- biomimetic membranes --- membrane-bound enzymes --- electrodes --- sulfur-containing nanomaterials --- metallic sulfide nanomaterials --- sulfur-containing quantum dots --- enzyme-based biosensors --- direct electron transfer (DET) --- redox enzymes --- nanostructured electrodes --- protein film voltammetry (PFV) --- glucose biosensors --- nanoporous metals --- nanoporous gold --- graphene --- carbon nanotube --- ordered mesoporous carbon --- additive manufacturing --- heme --- peroxidases --- semiconductors --- peroxidase mimics --- DNA assay --- nucleic acid --- isothermal --- signal amplification --- restriction endonuclease --- wearable biosensors --- metabolism --- remote monitoring --- sweat --- microfluidic --- 3D printing --- nanoparticle --- nanocomposite --- nanozyme --- synthesis --- catalytic properties --- nano-peroxidase --- nanooxidase --- nanolaccase --- electronanocatalyst --- amperometric (bio)sensors --- POC --- microfluidics --- immunosensor --- cancer --- biomarkers --- electrochemical DNA sensor --- nucleic acid sensor --- DNA --- RNA --- pathogen sensing --- 2D-materials --- field-effect transistor --- transition metal dichalcogenides --- black phosphorus --- phosphorene --- hexagonal boron nitride --- transition metal oxides --- current–potential curve --- multi-enzymatic cascades --- multianalyte detection --- mass-transfer-controlled amperometric response --- potentiometric coulometry --- MXenes --- 2D nanomaterials --- wearables --- electrochemistry --- bacteria --- electrochemical ELISA --- electrochemical immunoassays --- electrochemical aptamer-based assays --- chemical sensor --- field effect --- capacitive EIS sensor --- pH sensor --- enzyme biosensor --- label-free detection --- charged molecules --- DNA biosensor --- protein detection --- forensics --- biometrics --- cybersecurity --- fingerprints --- blood --- cipher --- non-invasive biosensors --- human physiological fluids --- tears --- saliva --- urine --- n/a --- current-potential curve