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Nanoparticles (NPs) offer unique properties for biomedical applications, leading to new nanomedicines. Recent examples of advanced nanoparticle-based nanomedicines are COVID-19 RNA vaccines. Regardless of the delivery route of the NPs into the body (intravenous or subcutaneous injection, oral, intranasal, etc.), NPs inevitably come into contact with immune cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages are phagocytizing cells that determine the fate and the lifetime of NPs in relevant biological fluids or tissues, which has consequences for both nanosafety and nanomedicine. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover recent advancements in our understanding of NP–macrophage interactions, with a focus on in vitro models for nanosafety and novel nanomedicine approaches that allow the modulation of the immunological profile of macrophages. The current Special Issue compiles nine papers: seven research articles and two review articles. The original articles include studies on the interaction of different nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), amorphous silica, gold nanoparticles, lipid carriers, and microspheres, with macrophages in different scenarios.
Medicine --- chronic wound --- device --- foot ulcer --- inflammation --- wound healing --- macrophage --- nanomaterial --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery --- immune system --- anti-inflammatory --- innate immunity --- osteoarthritis --- rifabutin --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- cell uptake --- Caco-2 cells --- oral administration --- Crohn’s disease --- nanomaterials --- macrophages --- class A type 1 scavenger receptors --- cytotoxicity --- macrophage–nanoparticle interaction --- monocytes --- gold nanoparticles --- in vitro models --- innate memory --- 2D cultures --- 3D cultures --- carbon nanotube --- scavenger receptor --- phagocytosis --- protein corona --- bovine serum albumin --- synthetic amorphous silica --- in vitro testing --- NR8383 alveolar macrophage --- ICP-MS analysis of cell bound SiO2 --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- nanoparticles --- chemokines --- transcriptomics --- zebrafish --- n/a --- Crohn's disease --- macrophage-nanoparticle interaction
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In recent years, the industry has started to use parts printed by powder-based laser additive manufacturing (LAM) when precision and good mechanical properties are required. Applications can be found in the aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors. However, the powder materials available are often inadequate for contemporary processing tasks, and often generate process instabilities as well as porosities and defects in the resulting parts. This Special Issue, “New Frontiers in Materials Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing”, focuses on advances in material design and the development of laser additive manufacturing. Of particular interest are original papers dealing with metal and polymer powders for laser powder bed fusion or directed energy deposition. In this Special Issue, we are especially interested in answering the following questions: How can laser process parameters and material properties be adapted to the LAM process via the matrix modification (e.g., alloying, doping, compounding) of powders? How can powder properties like flowability, wetting, porosity, or (heterogeneous) nucleation be adapted to the LAM process via the surface modification of powders? How may calorimetry, high-speed videography, pyrometry, and online spectroscopy, as well as modeling, contribute to understanding dynamics of melting and recrystallization, in addition to the lateral distribution of the thermal process window?
Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- powder bed fusion --- magnesium --- process development --- additive manufacturing --- PBF-LB/M --- tool steel (1.2709) --- nanocomposite --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- laser powder bed fusion --- selective laser melting --- oxide dispersion strengthened steel --- phase-field model --- finite element simulation --- nanoparticle interaction --- pure copper --- short wavelength laser system --- green laser --- eddy-current method --- electrical conductivity --- polyamide 12 --- nanocomposites --- nanoparticles --- dispersion --- LB-PBF --- additively manufactured parts --- aluminum alloys --- intermetallics --- thermal exposure --- n/a --- aluminium alloys --- hot cracking --- rapid solidification --- differential fast scanning calorimetry --- undercooling --- grain size --- crack density
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