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The modern understanding of metal plasticity and fracturing began about 100 years ago, with pioneering work; first, on crack-induced fracturing by Griffith and, second, with the invention of dislocation-enhanced crystal plasticity by Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi. The modern counterparts are fracture mechanics, as invented by Irwin, and dislocation mechanics, as initiated in pioneering work by Cottrell. No less important was the breakthrough development of optical characterization of sectioned polycrystalline metal microstructures started by Sorby in the late 19th century and leading eventually to modern optical, x-ray and electron microscopy methods for assessments of crystal fracture surfaces, via fractography, and particularly of x-ray and electron microscopy techniques applied to quantitative characterizations of internal dislocation behaviors. A major current effort is to match computational simulations of metal deformation/fracturing behaviors with experimental measurements made over extended ranges of microstructures and over varying external conditions of stress-state, temperature and loading rate. The relation of such simulations to the development of constitutive equations for a hoped-for predictive description of material deformation/fracturing behaviors is an active topic of research. The present collection of articles provides a broad sampling of research accomplishments on the two subjects.

dislocation mechanics --- yield strength --- grain size --- thermal activation --- strain rate --- impact tests --- brittleness transition --- fracturing --- crack size --- fracture mechanics --- Hall-Petch equation --- Griffith equation --- size effect --- mechanical strength --- pearlitic steels --- suspension bridge cables --- dislocation microstructure --- fractal analysis --- plasticity --- representative volume element --- dislocation structure --- dislocation correlations --- dislocation avalanches --- nanotwin --- nanograin --- Au–Cu alloy --- micro-compression --- Cu-Zr --- ECAP --- deformation --- quasi-stationary --- subgrains --- grains --- coarsening --- Cu–Zr --- ultrafine-grained material --- dynamic recovery --- transient --- load change tests --- Charpy impact test --- GMAW --- additive manufacturing --- secondary cracks --- anisotropy --- linear flow splitting --- crystal plasticity --- DAMASK --- texture --- EBSD --- crack tip dislocations --- TEM --- grain rotation --- fatigue --- dislocation configurations --- residual stress --- indentation --- serration --- temperature --- dislocation --- artificial aging --- solid solution --- loading curvature --- aluminum alloy --- holistic approach --- dislocation group dynamics --- dynamic factor --- dislocation pile-up --- yield stress --- dislocation creep --- fatigue crack growth rate

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In 2018, the International Symposium on Nanogeoscience was held in Guiyang, China. Scholars from around the globe gathered to discuss recent progress and development trends in various aspects of nanogeoscience, including nanomineralogy. Nanomineralogy, an important aspect of nanogeoscience, focuses on the composition, structure, and physical and chemical properties of nanoscale minerals and their interrelations with other Earth critical components. To give a sampling of the latest progress in nanomineralogy and related fields, we offer this Special Issue, which describes a full range of recent nanomineralogic achievements relating to everything from nanominerals and geochemistry, mineral nanostructures, and nanomineral deformation, to nanopores in oil and gas reservoirs, nanomineral deposits, and nanomineral material. Today, nanomineralogy faces a new strategic opportunity as well as a revolutionary challenge. We thus present this special nanomineralogy-focused issue of Minerals with the aim of encouraging our colleagues to familiarize themselves with current developments, trends, and directions in nanomineralogy, enabling an understanding of the potential of the field as a whole. We look forward to developing further scientific research and cooperation in nanomineralogy, hoping thereby to attract and guide young scholars to participate in this field.

Research & information: general --- Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning --- preparation --- hydroxysodalite --- bentonite --- alkali-activation --- water-bath --- total porosity --- shale gas reservoir --- Longmaxi Formation --- Southeast Chongqing --- pyrite --- thermal treatment --- pyrrhotite --- Hg(II) removal --- mechanism --- Changling Fault Depression --- Shahezi Formation --- fractal dimensions --- pore structure --- shale lithofacies --- lacustrine shales --- pore networks --- pore connectivity --- spontaneous fluid imbibition --- Shahezi shales --- Sm-Nd dating --- Shuiyindong --- Carlin-type gold deposit --- Southwestern China --- southern North China --- marine shale --- nanopore structure --- heterogeneity --- fractal dimension --- calcium carbonate --- mesopore --- amoxicillin --- adsorption --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- nanocubic pyrite --- hydrothermal synthesis --- greigite --- thiourea --- iron --- nanoparticle --- Fe --- nanomaterial --- colloid --- L-edge XANES --- speciation --- hierarchical nanocomposite --- sepiolite --- clay mineral --- heavy metals --- water treatment --- nanograins --- principal slip zone --- crystallographic preferred orientation --- amorphization --- mirror-slip surface --- faults --- earthquakes --- localization --- Nantuo Formation --- syn-glacial dolostone --- rare earth elements --- ferruginous conditions --- South China --- nanostructure --- OM-clay aggregate --- silica nanograin --- tectonic and thermal evolution --- Longmaxi Formation shale --- N2 adsorption --- helium ion microscope --- minerals --- trace elements --- major elements --- fault zone --- tectonically deformed coal --- differentiation mechanism --- metallic nanoparticles --- migration mechanism --- prospecting --- Shenjiayao gold deposit --- syngenetic framboids --- diagenetic framboids --- paleoredox conditions --- shale gas content --- middle Yangtze area --- nanocrystalline rutile --- phase transition --- metallization --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell --- preparation --- hydroxysodalite --- bentonite --- alkali-activation --- water-bath --- total porosity --- shale gas reservoir --- Longmaxi Formation --- Southeast Chongqing --- pyrite --- thermal treatment --- pyrrhotite --- Hg(II) removal --- mechanism --- Changling Fault Depression --- Shahezi Formation --- fractal dimensions --- pore structure --- shale lithofacies --- lacustrine shales --- pore networks --- pore connectivity --- spontaneous fluid imbibition --- Shahezi shales --- Sm-Nd dating --- Shuiyindong --- Carlin-type gold deposit --- Southwestern China --- southern North China --- marine shale --- nanopore structure --- heterogeneity --- fractal dimension --- calcium carbonate --- mesopore --- amoxicillin --- adsorption --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- nanocubic pyrite --- hydrothermal synthesis --- greigite --- thiourea --- iron --- nanoparticle --- Fe --- nanomaterial --- colloid --- L-edge XANES --- speciation --- hierarchical nanocomposite --- sepiolite --- clay mineral --- heavy metals --- water treatment --- nanograins --- principal slip zone --- crystallographic preferred orientation --- amorphization --- mirror-slip surface --- faults --- earthquakes --- localization --- Nantuo Formation --- syn-glacial dolostone --- rare earth elements --- ferruginous conditions --- South China --- nanostructure --- OM-clay aggregate --- silica nanograin --- tectonic and thermal evolution --- Longmaxi Formation shale --- N2 adsorption --- helium ion microscope --- minerals --- trace elements --- major elements --- fault zone --- tectonically deformed coal --- differentiation mechanism --- metallic nanoparticles --- migration mechanism --- prospecting --- Shenjiayao gold deposit --- syngenetic framboids --- diagenetic framboids --- paleoredox conditions --- shale gas content --- middle Yangtze area --- nanocrystalline rutile --- phase transition --- metallization --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell