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Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), have the property of absorbing ultraviolet rays, and are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetics such as sunscreens. They also have many bioactive properties that make them an attractive ingredient for pharmaceuticals and functional food. This book summarizes information about the molecular structures, activities and applications of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). It aims to be an introductory book for undergraduate and graduate students in applied sciences, or as a handbook for researchers in pharmaceutical chemistry and cosmetics. Key features - 11 structured chapters covering the biochemistry of MAAs - Introduces readers to biochemical and synthetic pathways of MAAs - Presents information on many bioactive properties of MAAs including helioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-collagenase effects - Simple, clear explanations for learners - Academic and scholarly references for advanced readers - Illustrated appendices.

Mycosporine-like amino acids. --- Amino acids --- Biotechnology.

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In the past three decades, a stream of criminological inquiry has emerged which explores, measures, and theorizes crimes and harms to the environment at the micro-, mezzo-, and macro-levels. This “green criminology”, as it has come to be known, has widened the criminological gaze to consider crimes and harms committed against air, land (from forests to wetlands), nonhuman animals, and water in local, regional, national, and international areas or arenas. Accordingly, green criminology has endeavored to understand the causes and consequences of air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, climate change, corporate environmental crime (e.g., illegal waste disposal), food production and distribution, resource extraction and exploitation, and wildlife trade and trafficking, while also exploring potential responses to these issues. This book seeks to introduce the green criminological perspective to a broader social science audience. Recognizing that green criminology is not the first social science to explore the phenomena and harms at the intersections of humanity and ecology, this book offers an introduction to some of the unique insights developed over nearly 30 years of green criminological thought and scholarship to students, professors, researchers, and practitioners working in the fields of anthropology, economics, environmental humanities, environmental sociology, geography, history, and political ecology. This book contains contributions from researchers in green criminology from around the world, including early- and mid-career scholars, as well as more established voices in the field—all of whom are dedicated to exposing, understanding, and ultimately hoping to thwart further environmental degradation and despoliation.

Law --- Drugs trade / drug trafficking --- biogeography --- ciliates --- Paramecium quindecaurelia --- cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene --- sibling species --- species concept in protists --- bacterial symbionts --- symbiosis --- intranuclear bacteria --- Holospora --- Gortzia --- Paramecium --- Micractinium tetrahymenae --- Tetrahymena --- Utricularia --- facultative endosymbiosis --- ciliate-algae symbiosis --- Chlorella variabilis --- Micractinium conductrix --- diagnostic PCR --- ciliate-algae symbiosis --- Holospora-like bacteria --- host-parasite interactions --- 16S rRNA gene --- full-cycle rRNA approach --- TEM --- fluorescence in situ hybridization --- algal-ciliate symbiosis --- mycosporine-like amino acids --- Pelagodileptus trachelioides --- planktonic freshwater ciliates --- Stokesia vernalis --- Vorticella chlorellata --- Chlorella --- endosymbiosis --- intracellular algae --- Micractinium --- photobiont --- infection --- syngen --- biogeography --- ciliates --- Paramecium quindecaurelia --- cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene --- sibling species --- species concept in protists --- bacterial symbionts --- symbiosis --- intranuclear bacteria --- Holospora --- Gortzia --- Paramecium --- Micractinium tetrahymenae --- Tetrahymena --- Utricularia --- facultative endosymbiosis --- ciliate-algae symbiosis --- Chlorella variabilis --- Micractinium conductrix --- diagnostic PCR --- ciliate-algae symbiosis --- Holospora-like bacteria --- host-parasite interactions --- 16S rRNA gene --- full-cycle rRNA approach --- TEM --- fluorescence in situ hybridization --- algal-ciliate symbiosis --- mycosporine-like amino acids --- Pelagodileptus trachelioides --- planktonic freshwater ciliates --- Stokesia vernalis --- Vorticella chlorellata --- Chlorella --- endosymbiosis --- intracellular algae --- Micractinium --- photobiont --- infection --- syngen