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Reasons for performing study: Falls during racing present a risk of injury to both horse and jockey and a risk of fatality to horses. Objectives: To use video recordings of races to describe the circumstances surrounding horse falls at hurdle and steeplechase fences and to identify and quantify within-race risk factors for horse falls in National Hunt racing in the UK. Methods: A retrospective, matched, nested case-control study using video recordings of races was conducted on 6 UK racecourses. Cases and controls were matched on both race type and jump number at which the fall occurred. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the univariable and multivariable relationship between predictor variables and the risk of failing. Results: The risk of falling was significantly associated with whip use and race progress. Horses which were being whipped and progressing through the race were at greater than 7 times the risk of falling compared to horses which were not being whipped and which had no change in position or lost position through the field. Conclusions: This study has identified whip use and the position of the horse with respect to others in the field as potential risk factors for horse falls. Potential relevance: If these findings are confirmed by the use of intervention trials (eg. with whip-free or restricted whip use races), modifications could be introduced which would reduce the frequency of horse falls, leading to improved equine welfare

Analysis. --- Cohort. --- Control. --- Eg. --- Equine. --- Fatalities. --- Fatality. --- Field. --- Frequency. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Hurdle. --- Injuries. --- Injury. --- Method. --- Musculoskeletal injuries. --- Physical inspection. --- Position. --- Racehorse. --- Relevance. --- Retrospective. --- Risk-factors. --- Risk. --- Thoroughbreds. --- Time. --- Uk. --- Video. --- Welfare.

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Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection.

Medicine --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes’ health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety --- n/a --- athletes' health

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection.

Medicine --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes' health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes' health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety