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Joint replacement is a very successful medical treatment. However, the survivorship of the implants could be adversely affected due to the loss of materials in the form of particles or ions as the bearing surfaces articulate against earch other. The consequent tissue and immune response to the wear products, remain one of the key factors of their failure. Tribology has been defined as the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and all related wear products (e.g., particles, ions, etc.). Over the last few decades, in an attempt to understand and improve joint replacement technology, the tribological performance of several material combinations have been studied experimentally and assessed clinically. In addition, research has focused on the biological effects and long term consequences of wear products. Improvements have been made in manufacturing processes, precision engineering capabilities, device designs and materials properties in order to minimize wear and friction and maximize component longevity in vivo.

alginate --- biotribology --- multiwall carbon nanotubes --- arthroplasty --- validated model --- implant --- lubrication --- fillers --- ion treatment --- biomechanical testing/analysis --- titanium niobium nitride --- orthopedic --- UHMWPE --- wear testing --- wear resistance --- wear debris --- biomaterials --- biolubricant --- wear simulation --- surface engineering --- degenerative disc disease --- total disc replacement --- joint simulators --- crosslinked polyethylene --- TKA --- unicompartmental arthroplasty --- implants --- mechanical properties --- pin-on-plate --- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene --- hip implants --- failure --- highly crosslinked UHMWPE --- gamma irradiation --- hip joint simulator --- oxidized zirconium --- osteolysis --- histomorphological characterization --- cross-linked polyethylene --- wear --- hip prosthesis --- cobalt --- abrasion --- metal-on-metal --- synovial lining --- wear debris cytotoxicity --- alternative bearings --- surfaces --- polyethylene wear --- knee replacement --- patello-femoral joint --- crosslink density --- FEA --- coating --- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene --- contact angle --- finite element analysis --- systematic review --- wear analysis/testing --- knee --- in vitro macrophages response --- synovial fluid --- gellan gum

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The Special Issue book presents some works considered innovative in the field of geotechnics and whose practical application may occur in the near future. This collection of twelve papers, in addition to their scientific merit, addresses some of the current and future challenges in geotechnics. The published papers cover a wide range of emerging topics with a specific focus on the research, design, construction, and performance of geotechnical works. These works are expected to inspire the development of geotechnics, contributing to the future construction of more resilient and sustainable geotechnical structures.

ground improvement --- earth reinforcement --- geotextiles --- numerical analysis --- spatial TDR --- moisture content --- soil suction --- SWRC --- transient flow --- excess pore water pressure --- pond filling rates --- upstream tailings dam --- AdaBoost --- support vector machine --- k-nearest neighbor --- random forest --- rockfill materials --- shear strength --- cement-treated soil --- cellulose nanofibre --- strength --- permeability --- sulfate-bearing soil --- ettringite --- soil stabilization --- gypseous soil --- calcium-based stabilizer --- non-calcium-based stabilizer --- biopolymer --- soil stabilisation xanthan gum --- sandy soil --- cement --- soil contamination --- oil field --- SEM --- treatment --- soil-cement mixtures --- fibers --- mechanical properties --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- soil improvement --- multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) --- unconfined compressive strength tests --- surfactant --- quality control --- quality assurance --- deep mixing method --- cemented iron ore tailings behaviour --- filtered tailings stacking --- Portland cement --- compaction --- n/a

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Biosensor technologies have received a great amount of interest in recent decades, and this has especially been the case in recent years due to the health alert caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sensor platform market has grown in recent decades, and the COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increase in the demand for home diagnostics and point-of-care systems. With the evolution of biosensor technology towards portable platforms with a lower cost on-site analysis and a rapid selective and sensitive response, a larger market has opened up for this technology. The evolution of biosensor systems has the opportunity to change classic analysis towards real-time and in situ detection systems, with platforms such as point-of-care and wearables as well as implantable sensors to decentralize chemical and biological analysis, thus reducing industrial and medical costs. This book is dedicated to all the research related to biosensor technologies. Reviews, perspective articles, and research articles in different biosensing areas such as wearable sensors, point-of-care platforms, and pathogen detection for biomedical applications as well as environmental monitoring will introduce the reader to these relevant topics. This book is aimed at scientists and professionals working in the field of biosensors and also provides essential knowledge for students who want to enter the field.

biosensors --- interdigitated electrodes --- impedance spectroscopy --- blood analysis --- whole-cell biosensor --- yeast surface display --- cholesterol oxidase --- glucose dehydrogenase --- electrochemical detection --- fiber optic sensor --- vital signs --- biosensor --- human body --- body temperature --- heart rate --- respiratory rate --- blood pressure --- torso scanning --- antennas --- processing algorithms --- electromagnetic imaging --- polymerase chain reaction --- COVID-19 --- electrochemical --- digital PCR --- point-of-care --- electroanalysis --- indigo dyes --- fast identification --- fingerprints --- differential pulse voltammetry --- cystatin C --- molecularly imprinted polymer --- electrochemical biosensor --- polypyrene --- multiwall carbon nanotubes --- acute kidney injury --- biomonitoring --- personalized healthcare --- sweat --- rolling circle amplification --- environmental monitoring --- heavy metals --- organic molecules --- microorganisms --- biorecognition --- diagnosis --- pathogens --- aptamers --- antibodies --- peptides --- enzymes --- DNAzymes --- peptide nucleic acids --- blood glucose monitoring --- diabetes --- non-invasive sensor --- PDMS --- vascular phantom --- glucometer --- RF sensor --- CD4+ T helper cells --- microfluidic chip --- microbeads --- wide-field optical system --- ImageJ --- graphene --- reduced graphene oxide --- electrochemistry --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- DNA biosensor --- diazonium chemistry --- screen-printed electrodes --- DNA hybridization --- VOCs --- environmental --- packaging --- diagnostic --- pollution --- colorectal cancer --- KRAS --- lateral flow assay --- dipstick --- gold nanoparticles --- diagnostics --- multiplex --- point-of-care diagnostics --- REASSURED