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This Special Issue contains eight original papers with a high impact in various domains of set-valued analysis. Set-valued analysis has made remarkable progress in the last 70 years, enriching itself continuously with new concepts, important results, and special applications. Different problems arising in the theory of control, economics, game theory, decision making, nonlinear programming, biomathematics, and statistics have strengthened the theoretical base and the specific techniques of set-valued analysis. The consistency of its theoretical approach and the multitude of its applications have transformed set-valued analysis into a reference field of modern mathematics, which attracts an impressive number of researchers.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- gauge multivalued integral --- scalarly defined multivalued integral --- decomposition of a multifunction --- Kuelbs–Steadman space --- Henstock–Kurzweil integrable function --- vector measure --- dense embedding --- completely continuous embedding --- Köthe space --- Banach lattice --- fractional differential inclusion --- maximal monotone operator --- Riemann–Liouville integral --- absolutely continuous in variation --- Vladimirov pseudo-distance --- fuzzy measure space --- fuzzy integration --- t-norm --- Chebyshev’s inequality --- Hölder’s inequality --- periodic boundary value inclusion --- Stieltjes derivative --- Stieltjes integrals --- Bohnenblust–Karlin fixed-point theorem --- regulated function --- solution set --- discontinuous function --- impulsive problem with variable times --- Riemann-Lebesgue integral --- interval valued (set) multifunction --- non-additive set function --- image processing --- b-metric space --- Hβ-Hausdorff–Pompeiu b-metric --- multi-valued fractal --- iterated multifunction system --- integral inclusion --- gauge multivalued integral --- scalarly defined multivalued integral --- decomposition of a multifunction --- Kuelbs–Steadman space --- Henstock–Kurzweil integrable function --- vector measure --- dense embedding --- completely continuous embedding --- Köthe space --- Banach lattice --- fractional differential inclusion --- maximal monotone operator --- Riemann–Liouville integral --- absolutely continuous in variation --- Vladimirov pseudo-distance --- fuzzy measure space --- fuzzy integration --- t-norm --- Chebyshev’s inequality --- Hölder’s inequality --- periodic boundary value inclusion --- Stieltjes derivative --- Stieltjes integrals --- Bohnenblust–Karlin fixed-point theorem --- regulated function --- solution set --- discontinuous function --- impulsive problem with variable times --- Riemann-Lebesgue integral --- interval valued (set) multifunction --- non-additive set function --- image processing --- b-metric space --- Hβ-Hausdorff–Pompeiu b-metric --- multi-valued fractal --- iterated multifunction system --- integral inclusion

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Plasmonics and metamaterials are growing fields that consistently produce new technologies for controlling electromagnetic waves. Many important advances in both fundamental knowledge and practical applications have been achieved in conjunction with a wide range of materials, structures and wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the microwave regions of the spectrum. In addition to this remarkable progress across many different fields, much of this research shares many of the same underlying principles, and therefore, significant synergy is expected. This Special Issue introduces the recent advances in plasmonics and metamaterials and discusses various applications, while addressing a wide range of topics, in order to explore the new horizons emerging for such research.

Research & information: general --- plasmonics --- metamaterials --- metal-insulator-metal --- absorbers --- plasmon-induced transparency --- metal-dielectric-metal --- gain material --- tunable fano resonances --- surface plasmon polaritons --- coupled cavities --- finite element method --- spectroscopes --- metamaterial --- structural color filters --- photodiodes --- vortex beam --- polarization conversion --- orbital angular momentum --- tensegrity lattice --- extreme material --- metagratings --- polarization controller --- multifunction --- wide-angle --- dual mode --- cross-polarization converter --- transmitarray --- high polarization conversion ratio --- uncooled --- IR sensors --- wavelength-selective --- metasurfaces --- polarization control --- infrared sensors

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The development of effective treatment methods or the synthesis of new effective adsorbents capable of selective sorption of toxic substances is now of great importance. This reprint contains articles focused on wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, and hormones from synthetic and real solutions using different types of adsorbent, such as synthetic ion exchangers, natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, zeolites, magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, imprinted polymers, and magnetic adsorbents, as well as cost estimation of activated carbon production from waste nutshells by physical activation could be found.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- economic evaluation --- production cost --- nutshell waste --- activated carbon --- magnetic multiwall carbon nanotube --- adsorption --- kinetics --- isotherm --- thermodynamic --- lead --- date seeds --- thermodynamics --- T. longibrachiatum --- T. fasciculatum --- bioadsorption --- cadmium --- heavy metals --- isotherms --- bioadsorption mechanism --- mycoremediation --- amino group --- kinetic --- multifunction --- cation --- anion --- β-estradiol --- akaganeite nanorods --- adsorptive removal --- endocrine disruptors --- desirability function --- divalent cobalt --- Lemna gibba --- biosorption --- desorption --- SEM-EDX --- androgenic hormones --- solid-phase extraction --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- trenbolone --- nickel removal --- ion exchangers --- water pollution --- Lewatit MonoPlus TP220 --- lead (II) --- Azadirachta indica leaves --- water --- metals --- smectite --- kaolinite --- zeolites --- nanomaterials --- remediation --- bioelectrochemical systems --- wastewater --- nanocomposites

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Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor cavities in a liquid when the local pressure becomes lower than the saturation pressure. In many hydraulic applications, cavitation is considered as a non-desirable phenomenon, as far as it may cause performance degradation, vibration problems, enhance broad-band noise-emission, and eventually trigger erosion. In this Special Issue, recent findings about cavitation instabilities are reported. More precisely, the dynamics of cavitation sheets are explored at very low Reynolds numbers in laminar flows, and in microscale applications. Both experimental and numerical approach are used. For the latter, original methods are assessed, such as smooth particles hydrodynamics or detached eddy simulations coupled to a compressible approach.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- cavitation --- cavitation number --- globe valve --- valve cage --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydrodynamic cavitation --- compressible two-phase flow --- turbulence modelling --- system instabilities --- jet --- vortex --- mechanical surface treatment --- cavitation peening --- partial cavitation --- super-cavitation --- laminar cavitation --- cavitation instabilities --- vortex rope --- Francis turbine --- CFD --- RANS --- slamming --- fluid-structure interaction --- fluid detachment --- hydrofoil --- bulb turbine --- bulb turbine runner --- flow visualization --- cavitation tunnel --- regression model --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- microchannel --- numerical simulation --- multifunction cavitation --- water jet cavitation --- ultrasonic cavitation --- high-temperature high-pressure cavitation --- peening natural aging --- low-temperature low-pressure cavitation --- peening aging --- Francis Turbine --- cavitation --- cavitation number --- globe valve --- valve cage --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydrodynamic cavitation --- compressible two-phase flow --- turbulence modelling --- system instabilities --- jet --- vortex --- mechanical surface treatment --- cavitation peening --- partial cavitation --- super-cavitation --- laminar cavitation --- cavitation instabilities --- vortex rope --- Francis turbine --- CFD --- RANS --- slamming --- fluid-structure interaction --- fluid detachment --- hydrofoil --- bulb turbine --- bulb turbine runner --- flow visualization --- cavitation tunnel --- regression model --- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability --- microchannel --- numerical simulation --- multifunction cavitation --- water jet cavitation --- ultrasonic cavitation --- high-temperature high-pressure cavitation --- peening natural aging --- low-temperature low-pressure cavitation --- peening aging --- Francis Turbine

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Land use affects many aspects of regional sustainable development, so insight into its influence is of great importance for the optimization of national space. The book mainly focuses on functional classification, spatial conflict detection, and spatial development pattern optimization based on productivity, sustainability, and livability perspectives, presenting a relevant opportunity for all scholars to share their knowledge from the multidisciplinary community across the world that includes landscape ecologists, social scientists, and geographers. The book is systematically organized into the optimization theory, methods, and practices for PLES (production–living–ecological space) around territorial spatial planning, with the overall planning of PLES as the goal and the promotion of ecological civilization construction as the starting point. Through this, the competition and synergistic interactions and positive feedback mechanisms between population, resources, ecology, environment, and economic and social development in the PLES system were revealed, and the nonlinear dynamic effects among subsystems and elements in the system identified. In addition, a series of optimization approaches for PLES is proposed.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- PLES --- multiscale integration --- coupling coordination --- conflict diagnosis --- Ningbo --- coupling degree of compatibility --- ecological barrier area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River --- Jiangjin District --- land-use transition --- production-living-ecological space --- spatial mismatch --- balance threshold --- ES management strategies --- land use conflict --- conflict identification --- suitability evaluation --- multi-objective evaluation --- multifunction --- agricultural space --- ecological space --- ecological fragile area --- land-use change --- carbon flow --- CA–Markov --- low-carbon optimization --- brownfields --- military fortification brownfields --- casemates with enhanced fortification --- historical and fabricated stories --- semi-natural ecosystem --- hidden curriculum --- butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) --- land snails (Gastropoda) --- hidden singularity --- Production–Living–Ecological space --- overall optimization --- beautiful China --- ecological civilization --- PLE space --- trade-offs and conflicts --- sustainable development --- system dynamic model --- FLUS --- identification --- island exploitation --- perspective of geomorphology --- Yellow River Basin --- production–living–ecological space --- spatio-temporal pattern --- PLES --- multiscale integration --- coupling coordination --- conflict diagnosis --- Ningbo --- coupling degree of compatibility --- ecological barrier area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River --- Jiangjin District --- land-use transition --- production-living-ecological space --- spatial mismatch --- balance threshold --- ES management strategies --- land use conflict --- conflict identification --- suitability evaluation --- multi-objective evaluation --- multifunction --- agricultural space --- ecological space --- ecological fragile area --- land-use change --- carbon flow --- CA–Markov --- low-carbon optimization --- brownfields --- military fortification brownfields --- casemates with enhanced fortification --- historical and fabricated stories --- semi-natural ecosystem --- hidden curriculum --- butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) --- land snails (Gastropoda) --- hidden singularity --- Production–Living–Ecological space --- overall optimization --- beautiful China --- ecological civilization --- PLE space --- trade-offs and conflicts --- sustainable development --- system dynamic model --- FLUS --- identification --- island exploitation --- perspective of geomorphology --- Yellow River Basin --- production–living–ecological space --- spatio-temporal pattern